Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-5 (section)

==== 5.10.1.2 Mixed crop–aquatic systems ====

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Households may have a mix of aquatic and land-based food production, contributing to food security and nutrition and income generation ( [[#Freed--2020|Freed et al., 2020]] ; see also discussion of aquaponics and hydroponics in [[#5.10.4.3|Section 5.10.4.3]] . and combined rice–aquatic species production in [[#5.9.4|Section 5.9.4]] ). Failures in agricultural outputs due to climate-associated factors may result in diversification to fisheries as a way of alleviating food production shortfalls; for example, fisheries landings may dramatically increase after agricultural failures following hurricanes, which can subsequently create overfishing collapses ( [[#Cottrell--2019|Cottrell et al., 2019]] ). Where climatic impact drivers affect multiple sectors, adaptation may become more difficult because of the interacting challenges ( [[#Cottrell--2019|Cottrell et al., 2019]] ). One study of 12 countries with high food insecurity levels found that fish-reliant households utilised as much land as those not reliant on fish ( [[#Fisher--2017|Fisher et al., 2017]] ). To meet food security requirements, most of these households needed to both farm and fish, illustrating the interdependence of aquatic–terrestrial food systems.

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