Editing IPCC:AR6/WGI/Chapter-9 (section)

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<div id="Zhang--2014"></div>

Zhang, J., 2014: Modeling the impact of wind intensification on Antarctic sea ice volume. ''Journal of Climate'' , '''27(1)''' , 202–214, doi: .

<div id="Zhang--2019"></div>

Zhang, L., T.L. Delworth, W. Cooke, and X. Yang, 2019: Natural variability of Southern Ocean convection as a driver of observed climate trends. ''Nature Climate Change'' , '''9(1)''' , 59–65, doi: .

<div id="Zhang--2015"></div>

Zhang, R., 2015: Mechanisms for low-frequency variability of summer Arctic sea ice extent. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' , '''112(15)''' , 4570–4575, doi: .

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Zhang, R. et al., 2019: A Review of the Role of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and Associated Climate Impacts. ''Reviews of Geophysics'' , '''57(2)''' , 316–375, doi: .

<div id="Zhang--2000"></div>

Zhang, T., J.A. Heginbottom, R.G. Barry, and J. Brown, 2000: Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere. ''Polar Geography'' , '''24(2)''' , 126–131, doi: .

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Zhang, T., R.G. Barry, K. Knowles, J.A. Heginbottom, and J. Brown, 1999: Statistics and characteristics of permafrost and ground-ice distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. ''Polar Geography'' , '''23(2)''' , 132–154, doi: .

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Zhang, Y. et al., 2016: Studies of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago water transport and its relationship to basin-local forcings: Results from AO-FVCOM. ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans'' , '''121(6)''' , 4392–4415, doi: .

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Zhang, Z. et al., 2016: Observed 3D Structure, Generation, and Dissipation of Oceanic Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea. ''Scientific Reports'' , '''6(1),''' ''24349,'' doi: .

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Zhao, S., S. Zhang, W. Cheng, and C. Zhou, 2019: Model Simulation and Prediction of Decadal Mountain Permafrost Distribution Based on Remote Sensing Data in the Qilian Mountains from the 1990s to the 2040s. ''Remote Sensing'' , '''11(2)''' , 183, doi: .

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Zhu, Y., R.-H. Zhang, D. Li, and D. Chen, 2020: The thermocline biases in the tropical North Pacific and their attributions. ''Journal of Climate'' , '''34(5)''' , 1–17, doi: .

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Zickfeld, K., V.K. Arora, and N.P. Gillett, 2012: Is the climate response to CO <sub>2</sub> emissions path dependent? ''Geophysical Research Letters'' , '''39(5)''' , L05703, doi: .

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<div id="footnote-004" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-004-backlink|1]] Sea ice area below 1 million km <sup>2</sup> .

<div id="footnote-003" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-003-backlink|2]] In particular, this range of tools leads to advances in the evaluation of confidence in projections. When CMIP6 models are used without additional evidence, the 5–95% confidence range of projections is assigned to a ''likely'' range to acknowledge that there are uncertainty sources not reflected by model spread, consistent with Chapter 4.

<div id="footnote-002" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-002-backlink|3]] The conversion of land ice mass loss to global mean sea level rise used in this Report – the sea level equivalent (SLE) – is 362.5 gigatonnes (Gt) of ice loss for 1 mm of sea level rise.

<div id="footnote-001" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-001-backlink|4]] The periods in Table 9.5 end in 2018, leading to a slight difference in the values.

<div id="footnote-000" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-000-backlink|5]] Note that the use of this approach implies that the ''likely'' ranges are ''likely'' in the use of the term to mean 66–100% probable; this is distinct from usage in SROCC, where the ''likely'' range was defined to have a precise 66% probability.