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IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-4
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== Footnotes == # <span id="fn:1">Annual capital revenues are paid interests plus an increase of asset value.</span> # <span id="fn:2">While there is high agreement that indirect land use change (iLUC) could occur, there is low agreement about the actual extent of iLUC (P. Smith et al., 2014; Verstegen et al., 2015; Zilberman, 2017).</span> # <span id="fn:3">Currently called UN Environment.</span> # <span id="fn:4">As more bottom-up literature exists on bioenergy potentials, this exercise explored the bioenergy literature and converted those estimates to BECCS potential with 1EJ of bioenergy yielding 0.02β0.05 GtCO <sub>2</sub> emission reduction. For the bottom-up literature references for the potentials range, please refer to Supplementary Material 4.SM.3 Table 1.</span> # <span id="fn:5">Other pyrolysis products that can achieve net CO <sub>2</sub> removals are bio-oil (pumped into geological storages) and permanent-pyrogas (capture and storage of CO <sub>2</sub> from gas combustion) (Werner et al., 2018)</span> # <span id="fn:6">It has also been suggested that ocean alkalinity can be increased through accelerated weathering of limestone (Rau and Caldeira, 1999; Rau, 2011; Chou et al., 2015) or electrochemical processes (House et al., 2007; Rau, 2008; Rau et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2015). However, these techniques have not been proven at large scale either (Renforth and Henderson, 2017).</span> # <span id="fn:7">This analysis relies on the assessment in Fuss et al. (2018), which provides more detail on saturation and permanence.</span> # <span id="fn:8">Current work (e.g., de Richter et al., 2017) examines other technologies considering non-CO <sub>2</sub> GHGs like N <sub>2</sub> O.</span> # <span id="fn:9">A calculation in MER tends indeed to underestimate the world GDP and its growth by giving a lower weight to fast-growing developing countries, whereas a calculation in PPP tends to overestimate it. The difference between the value of two currencies in PPP and MER should vanish as the gap of the income levels of the two concerned countries decreases. Accounting for this trend in modelling is challenging.</span> # <span id="fn:10">One prototype is the World Bankβs Pilot Auction Facility on Methane and Climate Change</span> <span id="section-6"></span> <span id="references"></span>
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