Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/TS (section)

=== Human vulnerability ===

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'''TS.B.7 Vulnerability significantly determines how climate change impacts are being experienced by societies and communities. Vulnerability to climate change is a multi-dimensional, dynamic phenomenon shaped by intersecting historical and contemporary political, economic and cultural processes of marginalisation (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Societies with high levels of inequity are less resilient to climate change (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' (Figure TS.7 VULNERABILITY) { 2.6.5, 2.6.7, 5.12.3, 5.13.4, 7.1, Box 6.6, 6.4.3.5, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, 8.3.4, 13.8.2, 9.8.2, 9.11.4, Box 9.1, 10.3.3., 12.1.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5.5, 12.5.7, Figure 12.2, 14.4, 16.5.2, CCB COVID, CCB GENDER, CCB ILLNESS }

'''TS.B.7.1 About 3.3 billion people are living in countries with high human vulnerability to climate change (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Approximately 1.8 billion people reside in regions classified as having low vulnerability. Global concentrations of high vulnerability are emerging in transboundary areas encompassing more than one country as a result of interlinked issues concerning health, poverty, migration, conflict, gender inequality, inequity, education, high debt, weak institutions, lack of governance capacities and infrastructure. Complex human vulnerability patterns are shaped by past developments, such as colonialism and its ongoing legacy ( ''high confidence'' ), are worsened by compounding and cascading risks ( ''high confidence'' ) and are socially differentiated. For example, low-income, young, poor and female-headed households face greater livelihood risks from climate hazards ( ''high confidence'' ). (Figure TS.7 VULNERABILITY) { 4.3.1, 5.5.2, 5.12.3, 5.13.3, Box 5.13, 8.3.2, 8.4.5, Box 9.1, 9.4.1, 9.8.1, 9.11.4, 10.3.3, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5.5, 12.5.7, Figure 12.2, 14.4 }

'''TS.B.7.2 Climate change is impacting Indigenous Peoples’ ways of life (''' '''''very high confidence''''' '''), cultural and linguistic diversity (''' '''''medium confidence''''' '''), food security (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''') and health and well-being (''' '''''very high confidence''''' ''').''' Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge can contribute to reducing the vulnerability of communities to climate change ( ''medium to high confidence'' ). Supporting Indigenous self-determination, recognising Indigenous Peoples’ rights and supporting Indigenous knowledge-based adaptation are critical to reducing climate change risks and effective adaptation ( ''very high confidence'' ). { 1.3.2, 2.6.5, 4.3.8, 4.6.9, 4.8.4, 5.5.2, 5.8.2, 5.10.2, 5.14.2, 6.4.7, Box 8.7, Box 9.2, 11.4.1, 11.4.2, Table 11.10, Table 11.11, Table 11.12, 12.3, 12.4, Figure 12.9, 13.8.1, 13.8.2, Box.14.1, 15.3.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.2 CCP5.2.2] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.5 CCP5.2.5] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2 CCP6.2] , Box [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2 CCP6.2] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] }

'''TS.B.7.3 The intersection of gender with race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, Indigenous identity, age, disability, income, migrant status and geographical location often compounds vulnerability to climate change impacts (''' '''''very high confidence''''' '''), exacerbates inequity and creates further injustice (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' There is evidence that present adaptation strategies do not sufficiently include poverty reduction and the underlying social determinants of human vulnerability such as gender, ethnicity and governance ( ''high confidence'' ) ''.'' { 1.2.1, 1.4.1, 4.8.3, 4.8.5, 4.8.6, 4.6.3, 6.1.5, 6.3, 6.4, Box 9.1, 9.4.1, Box 9.8, 11.7.2, 18.4, 18.5, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.7 CCP5.2.7] , CCB GENDER }

'''TS.B.7.4 Climate variability and extremes are associated with more prolonged conflict through food price spikes, food and water insecurity, loss of income and loss of livelihoods (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''), with more consistent evidence for low-intensity organised violence within countries than for major or international armed conflict (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' Compared to other socioeconomic factors, the influence of climate on conflict has been assessed as being relatively weak ( ''high confidence'' ) but is exacerbated by insecure land tenure, weather-sensitive economic activities, weak institutions and fragile governance, poverty and inequality ( ''medium confidence'' ). The literature also suggests a larger climate-related influence on the dynamics of conflict than on the likelihood of initial conflict outbreak ( ''low confidence'' ). There is insufficient evidence at present to attribute armed conflict to human-induced climate change. { 4.1, 4.3.1, 4.3.6, 5.8.3, 5.12.4, Box 5.9, Box 6.3; Box 9.9; 7.2.7, 12.5.8, 12.7.4, 16.2.3 }

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