Editing IPCC:AR6/WGI/Chapter-Atlas (section)

==== Atlas.9.1.1 Findings From Previous IPCC Assessments ====

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The IPCC AR5 ( [[#Bindoff--2013|Bindoff et al., 2013]] ; [[#Hartmann--2013|Hartmann et al., 2013]] ) found that the climate of North America has changed due to anthropogenic causes ( ''high confidence'' ), in particular with primarily increasing annual precipitation and annual temperature ( ''very high confidence'' ). Assessment of CMIP5 ensemble projections concluded that mean annual temperature over North America and annual precipitation north of 45°N will ''very likely'' continue to increase in the future. Also, CMIP5 projects increases in winter precipitation over Canada and Alaska and decreases in winter precipitation over the south-western USA and much of Mexico.

The CMIP5 multi-model ensemble generally reproduces the observed spatial patterns but somewhat underestimates the extent and intensity of the North American Monsoon, and also underestimates wetting over Central North America over the period of 1950–2012 during the winter season according to AR5 ( [[#Flato--2013|Flato et al., 2013]] ). In the long term (2081–2100), the largest changes of precipitation over North America are projected to occur in the mid- and high latitudes and during winter ( [[#Kirtman--2013|Kirtman et al., 2013]] ).

The SR1.5 ( [[#Hoegh-Guldberg--2018|Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2018]] ) reported a stronger warming compared to the global mean over Central and Eastern North America, and a weakening of storm activity over North America under 1.5°C of global warming. The SROCC ( [[#Hock--2019b|Hock et al., 2019b]] ) reported that snow depth or mass is projected to decline by 25% mainly at lower elevations over the high mountains in Western North America. The SRCCL ( [[#Mirzabaev--2019|Mirzabaev et al., 2019]] ) observed vegetation greening in Central North America with ''high confidence'' .

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