Editing IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-3 (section)

===== 3.5.4.3.1 Adaptive ecosystem governance =====

‘Adaptive Ecosystem Governance’ differs from conventional resource management or integrated ecosystem management (Chapin III et al., 2009 <sup>[[#fn:r2293|2293]]</sup> ; Chapin III et al., 2010 <sup>[[#fn:r2294|2294]]</sup> ; Chapin III et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2295|2295]]</sup> ), with a strong focus on trajectories of change (i.e., emergence), implying that maintaining ecosystems in a state of equilibrium is not possible (Biggs et al., 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r2296|2296]]</sup> ; ARR, 2016). This approach strengthens response options by maintaining or increasing resource diversity (to support human adaptation) and biological diversity (to support ecosystem adaptation) (Biggs et al., 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r2297|2297]]</sup> ; Chapin III et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2298|2298]]</sup> ; Quinlan et al., 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r2299|2299]]</sup> ) ( ''high confidence'' ). Adaptive ecosystem governance emphasises iterative social learning processes of observing, understanding and acting with collaborative partnerships, such as adaptive co-management arrangements currently used in regions of the Arctic (Armitage et al., 2009 <sup>[[#fn:r2300|2300]]</sup> ; Dale and Armitage, 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r2301|2301]]</sup> ; Chapin III et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2302|2302]]</sup> ; Arp et al., 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r2303|2303]]</sup> ). This approach is also currently realised through adaptive management of Arctic fisheries in Alaska that combines annual measures and within-season provisions informed by assessments of future ecosystem trends (Section 3.5.2.1), and the use of simulation models with Canadian caribou co-management boards to assess the cumulative effects of proposed land use change with climate change (Gunn et al., 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r2304|2304]]</sup> ; Russell, 2014a <sup>[[#fn:r2305|2305]]</sup> ; Russell, 2014b <sup>[[#fn:r2306|2306]]</sup> ). Linking these regional efforts to pan-polar programs can enhance resilience building cross multiple scales (e.g., Gunn et al., 2013) ( ''medium confidence'' ).

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