Editing IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-3 (section)

===== 3.5.4.3.3 Linking eosystem services with human livelihoods =====

Incorporating measures of ecosystem services into assessments is key in integrating environmental, economic, and social policies that build resilience to climate change in polar regions (CAFF, 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r2322|2322]]</sup> ; Malinauskaite et al., 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r2323|2323]]</sup> ; Sarkki and Acosta García, 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r2324|2324]]</sup> ) ( ''high confidence'' ). Currently, there is limited recognition of the wide range of benefits people receive from polar ecosystems and a lack of management tools that demonstrate their benefits in decision-making processes (CAFF, 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r2325|2325]]</sup> ). The concept of ecosystem services is increasingly used in the Arctic, yet there continues to be significant knowledge gaps in mapping, valuation, and the study of the social implications of changes in ecosystem services. There are few Arctic examples of the application of ecosystem services in management (Malinauskaite et al., 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r2326|2326]]</sup> ). A strategy of ecosystem stewardship, therefore, is to maintain a continued flow of ecosystem services, recognising how their benefits provide incentives for preserving biodiversity, while also ensuring options for sustainable development and ecosystem-based adaptation (Chapin III et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2327|2327]]</sup> ; Guerry et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2328|2328]]</sup> ; Díaz et al., 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r2329|2329]]</sup> ). Arctic stewardship opportunities at landscape, seascape, and community scales to a great extent lie in supporting culturally engrained (often traditional indigenous) values of respect for land and animals, and reliance on the local environment through the sharing of knowledge and power between local users of renewable resources and agencies responsible for managing resources (Mengerink et al., 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r2330|2330]]</sup> ) ( ''high confidence'' ). In the Antarctic, ecosystem stewardship is dependent on international formally-defined and informally-enacted cooperation, and the recognition of its service to the global community (Section 3.5.3.2).

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