Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/TS (section)

=== Economic sectors ===

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'''TS.B.9 The effects of climate change impacts have been observed across economic sectors, although the magnitude of the damage varies by sector and by region (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Recent extreme weather and climate-induced events have been associated with large costs through damaged property, infrastructure and supply chain disruptions, although development patterns have driven much of these increases (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Adverse impacts on economic growth have been identified from extreme weather events (''' '''''high''''' '''confidence) with large effects in developing countries (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Widespread climate impacts have undermined economic livelihoods, especially among vulnerable populations (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Climate impacts and projected risks have been insufficiently internalised into private- and public-sector planning and budgeting practices and adaptation finance (''' '''''medium confide''''' '''nce).''' (Figure TS.3) { 3.5.5, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 6.2.4, 6.4.5, Table 6.11, 8.3.3, 8.3.5, 9.11.1, 9.11.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.7 CCP5.2.7] , Box 10.7, 11.5.1, 13.10.1, 13.11.1, Box 14.5, Box 14.6, 14.5.8, 15.3.4, 16.2.3, CCB FINANCE, CWGB ECONOMIC }

'''TS.B.9.1 Economic losses of climate change arise from adverse impacts on inputs, such as crop yields (''' '''''very high confidence''''' '''), water availability (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''') and outdoor labour productivity due to heat stress (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Greater economic losses are observed for sectors with high direct climate exposure, including regional losses to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy and tourism ( ''high confidence'' ). Many industrial and service sectors are indirectly affected through supply disruptions, especially during and following extreme events ( ''high confidence'' ). Costs are also incurred from adaptation, disaster spending, recovery and rebuilding of infrastructure ( ''high confidence'' ). Estimates of the global effects of climate change on aggregate measures of economic performance and gross domestic product (GDP) range from negative to positive, in part due to uncertainty in how weather variability and climate impacts manifest in GDP ( ''high confidence'' ) ''.'' Climate change is estimated to have slowed trends of decreasing economic inequality between developed and developing countries ( ''low confidence'' ), with particularly negative effects for Africa ( ''medium confidence'' ). { 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.7.5, 9.6.3, 9.11.1,, 11.3.4 11.5.2, Box 11.1, 13.6.1, 14.5.1, 14.5.2, 14.5.3, 15.3.3, 15.3.4, 14.5.8, Box 14.6, Box 14.7, 16.2.3, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP4.4 CCP4.4] , CCP4.5, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.5 CCP5.2.5] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2.5 CCP6.2.5] }

'''TS.B.9.2 A growing range of economic and non-economic losses has been detected and attributed to climate extremes and slow-onset events under observed increases in global temperatures in both low- and high-income countries (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' Extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones, droughts and severe fluvial floods, have reduced economic growth in the short term ( ''high confidence'' ) and will continue to reduce it in the coming decades ( ''medium confidence'' ) in both developing and industrialised countries. Patterns of development have augmented the exposure of more assets to extreme hazards, increasing the magnitude of the losses ( ''high confidence'' ). Small Island Developing States have reported economic losses and a wide range of damage from tropical cyclones and increases in sea level rise ( ''high confidence'' ). Wildfires partly attributed to climate change have caused substantial economic damage in recent years in North America, Australia and the Arctic ( ''high confidence'' ). { 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.7.5, 8.2, 8.3.4, 8.4.1, 8.4.5, Box 8.5, 9.11.1, Box 10.7, Box 11.1, 11.5.2, Table 11.13, 13.10.1, Box 14.6, 15.7, 15.8, 16.2.3, 16.5.2, CCB DISASTER, CWGB ECONOMIC }

'''TS.B.9.3 Economic livelihoods that are more climate sensitive have been disproportionately degraded by climate change (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Climate-sensitive livelihoods are more concentrated in regions that have higher socioeconomic vulnerabilities and lower adaptive capacities, exacerbating existing inequalities ( ''medium confidence'' ). Extreme events have also had more pronounced adverse effects in poorer regions and on more vulnerable populations ( ''medium confidence'' ). These greater economic effects have further reduced the ability of these populations to adapt to existing impacts ( ''medium confidence'' ). Within populations, the poor, women, children, elderly and Indigenous populations have been especially vulnerable due to a combination of factors, including gendered divisions of paid and/or unpaid labour ( ''high confidence'' ). { 4.3.1, 4.3.8, 8.3.5, 9.1.1, 13.8.1, Box 14.6, 16.2.3, CCB GENDER, CWGB ECONOMIC }

'''TS.B.9.4 Current planning and budgeting practices have given insufficient consideration to climate impacts and projected risks, placing more assets and people in regions with current and projected climate hazards (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' Existing adaptation has prevented greater economic losses ( ''medium confidence'' ), yet adaptation gaps remain due to limited financial resources, including gaps in international adaptation finance and competing priorities in budget allocations ( ''medium confidence'' ). Insufficient consideration of these impacts, however, has placed more assets in areas that are highly exposed to climate hazards ( ''medium confidence'' ). { 4.7.1, 6.4.5, Box 8.3, 9.4.1, 10.5, 10.6, 11.8.1, 13.11.1, Box 14.6, 15.3.3, 16.4.3, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.7 CCP5.2.7] , CCB FINANCE }

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