Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-5 (section)

=== 5.13.4 Maladaptation Responses and Sustainable Solutions ===

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Maladaptation can result in three types of outcomes ( [[#Juhola--2016|Juhola et al., 2016]] ): (1) ''rebounding vulnerability'' : short term adaptations that decrease adaptive capacity and hinder future choices; (2) ''shifting vulnerability'' : larger-scale adaptation actions that produce spill-over effects in other locations; (3) ''eroding sustainable development'' : adaptation strategies which increase emissions and deteriorate environmental conditions and/or social and economic values (Tables 5.20 and 5.21).

Existing climate policies do not adequately consider trade-offs, adaptive limits, cumulative costs and potential risks of maladaptation ( ''robust evidence'' , ''medium agreement'' ) ( [[#Dovie--2017|Dovie, 2017]] ; [[#Holsman--2019|Holsman et al., 2019]] ; [[#IPCC--2019b|IPCC, 2019b]] ; [[#Work--2019|Work et al., 2019]] ; [[#Thomas--2020|Thomas, 2020]] : Table 5.19). Government policies are seldom coordinated across scales and often focused on regional short-term risks ( ''medium evidence'' , ''medium agreement'' ) ( [[#Dovie--2017|Dovie, 2017]] ; [[#Holsman--2019|Holsman et al., 2019]] ; [[#Rahman--2019|Rahman and Hickey, 2019]] ; [[#Butler--2020|Butler et al., 2020]] ). Past development trajectories and dominant political economic structures may narrow adaptation pathways, be restrictive and increase the vulnerability of particular groups ( [[#Paprocki--2018|Paprocki, 2018]] ; [[#Quan--2019|Quan et al., 2019]] ; [[#Rahman--2019|Rahman and Hickey, 2019]] ; [[#Work--2019|Work et al., 2019]] ).

'''Table 5.19 |''' Case studies of trade-offs and negative outcomes associated with agricultural intensification on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Ecosystem service'''

! '''Trade-offs/negative outcomes'''

! '''References'''

|-
| Provisioning: water quality

| Negative impacts on ephemeral wetlands

| Dalu et al. (2017)

|-
| Provisioning: water availability

| Contribution to water scarcity

| [[#Satgé--2019|Satgé et al. (2019)]]

|-
| Supporting: soil

| Increasing erosion risk

| [[#Govers--2017|Govers et al. (2017)]]

|-
| Regulating: climate

| Reduced SOC sequestration

| [[#Olsen--2019|Olsen et al. (2019)]]

|-
| Regulating: pest control

| Reduced level of biological control of pests; reduced number of insectivorous birds

| [[#Emmerson--2016|Emmerson et al. (2016)]]

|-
| Cultural: recreational

| Reduction of river wildlife

| [[#DeBano--2016|DeBano et al. (2016)]]

|-
| Biodiversity

| Reduced global biodiversity

| [[#Newbold--2015|Newbold et al. (2015)]] , [[#Egli--2018|Egli et al. (2018)]] , [[#Beckmann--2019|Beckmann et al. (2019)]]

|-
| Biodiversity

| Reduction of taxonomic diversity

| Jeliazkov et al., (2016), [[#Kehoe--2017|Kehoe et al. (2017)]] , [[#Banerjee--2019|Banerjee et al. (2019)]]

|-
| Biodiversity

| Negative impacts on mean population stability

| [[#Olivier--2020|Olivier et al. (2020)]]

|}

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