Editing IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-4 (section)

===== 4.4.4.3.5 Research needs =====

Four general gaps can be identified in the literature. First, the generation of SLR information is insufficiently coupled to the use of this information in decision analysis. This constitutes a limitation, as different coastal decision contexts require different decision analysis methods, which in turn require different SLR information. Specifically, applications of decision analysis methods generally convert existing sea level information to fit their method, often misinterpreting the information, making arbitrary assumptions or losing essential information in the process (Hinkel et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2210|2210]]</sup> ; Bakker et al., 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r2211|2211]]</sup> ; Van der Pol and Hinkel, 2018) . Second, with the exception of adaptation pathway analysis, methods of robust and flexible decision making are under-represented in the literature despite their suitability (Van der Pol and Hinkel, 2018) . Third, research is necessary to compare the various methods, to identity which methods are most suitable in which context and to develop consistent categorisations of methods (Hallegatte et al., 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r2212|2212]]</sup> ; Haasnoot et al., 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r2213|2213]]</sup> ; Hinkel et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2214|2214]]</sup> ; Watkiss et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r2215|2215]]</sup> ; Dittrich et al., 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r2216|2216]]</sup> ; Suckall et al., 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r2217|2217]]</sup> ) . Fourth, future research needs to address how to embed decision analysis better in real world planning and decision making processes, recognising that adaptation to SLR is a multi-stakeholder process often characterised by conflicting interests and interdependence between stakeholders (Section 4.4.3). Addressing these gaps requires closer cooperation between SLR sciences, decision science, and planning and governance scholars. An underlying challenge is to design and integrate relevant formal decision making approaches into the heterogeneous reality of local planning and decision making cultures, institutions, processes and practices, often with community-specific needs and requirements (see Box 4.4).

<div id="section-4-4-4-3decision-analysis-methods-block-6" class="box"></div>

<span id="box-4.4-community-based-experiences-canadian-arctic-and-hawkes-bay-new-zealand"></span>