Editing IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-4 (section)

== References ==

<ol>
<li><span id="fn:r1">Bamber, J.L. et al., 2019: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS, 116(23), 11195–11200.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r3">Farrell, W.E. and J.A. Clark, 1976: On Postglacial Sea Level. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 46(3), 647–667, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb01252.x.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r4">Lemke, P. et al., 2007: Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Solomon S. et al. (eds.)], Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK, pp. 337-383.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r5">Bindoff, N.L. et al., 2007: Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 385-432.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r6">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r7">Little, C.M., N.M. Urban and M. Oppenheimer, 2013: Probabilistic framework for assessing the ice sheet contribution to sea level change. PNAS, 110(9), 3264–3269.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r8">Bindoff, N.L. et al., 2013: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 867–952.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r9">Fürst, J.J. et al., 2016: The safety band of Antarctic ice shelves. Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 479, doi:10.1038/nclimate2912.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r10">Reese, R., G.H. Gudmundsson, A. Levermann and R. Winkelmann, 2018b: The far reach of ice shelf thinning in Antarctica. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(1), 53.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r11">Benn, D.I., C.R. Warren and R.H. Mottram, 2007: Calving processes and the dynamics of calving glaciers. Earth-Sci. Rev., 82(3), 143–179, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.02.002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r12">Bassis, J.N., 2011: The statistical physics of iceberg calving and the emergence of universal calving laws. J. Glaciol., 57(201), 3–16, doi:10.3189/002214311795306745.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r13">Massom, R.A. et al., 2018: Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice loss and ocean swell. Nature, 558(7710), 383–389, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0212-1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r14">Gayen, B., R.W. Griffiths and R.C. Kerr, 2015: Melting Driven Convection at the Ice-seawater Interface. Procedia IUTAM, 15, 78–85, doi:10.1016/j.piutam.2015.04.012.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r15">Dinniman, M.S. et al., 2016: Modeling ice shelf/ocean interaction in Antarctica: A review. Oceanography, 29(4), 144–153.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r16">Schodlok, M.P., D. Menemenlis and E.J. Rignot, 2016: Ice shelf basal melt rates around Antarctica from simulations and observations. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 121(2), 1085–1109, doi:10.1002/2015JC011117.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r17">Banwell, A.F., D.R. MacAyeal and O.V. Sergienko, 2013: Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(22), 5872–5876, doi:10.1002/2013GL057694.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r18">Macayeal, D.R. and O.V. Sergienko, 2013: The flexural dynamics of melting ice shelves. Ann. Glaciol., 54(63), 1–10, doi:10.3189/2013AoG63A256.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r19">Kuipers Munneke, P., S.R.M. Ligtenberg, M.R. Van Den Broeke and D.G. Vaughan, 2014: Firn air depletion as a precursor of Antarctic ice shelf collapse. J. Glaciol., 60(220), 205–214, doi:10.3189/2014JoG13J183.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r20">Gregory, J.M. et al., 2013: Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? J. Clim., 26(13), 4476–4499, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r21">Farinotti, D. et al., 2019: A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth. Nature Geoscience, 12(3), 168–173.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r22">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2016: Temperature-driven global sea level variability in the Common Era. PNAS, 113(11), E1434–E1441.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r23">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r24">Otto, A. et al., 2013: Energy budget constraints on climate response. Nat. Geosci., 6(6), 415–416, doi:10.1038/ngeo1836.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r25">Suzuki, T. and M. Ishii, 2011: Regional distribution of sea level changes resulting from enhanced greenhouse warming in the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 3.2. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(2).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r26">Bouttes, N., J. Gregory, T. Kuhlbrodt and R.J.C.D. Smith, 2014: The drivers of projected North Atlantic sea level change. 43 (5–6), 1531–1544.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r27">Saenko, O.A. et al., 2015: Separating the influence of projected changes in air temperature and wind on patterns of sea level change and ocean heat content. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 120(8), 5749–5765.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r28">Griffies, S.M. and R.J. Greatbatch, 2012: Physical processes that impact the evolution of global mean sea level in ocean climate models. Ocean Modelling, 51, 37–72, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.04.003.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r29">Chao, B.F., Y. Wu and Y. Li, 2008: Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level. Science, 320(5873), 212–214.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r30">Fiedler, J.W. and C.P. Conrad, 2010: Spatial variability of sea level rise due to water impoundment behind dams. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37(12).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r31">Wada, Y. et al., 2017: Recent Changes in Land Water Storage and its Contribution to Sea Level Variations. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 131–152.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r32">Boening, C. et al., 2012: The 2011 La Niña: So strong, the oceans fell. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39 (19), 1–5, doi:10.1029/2012GL053055.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r33">Cazenave, A. et al., 2012: Estimating ENSO influence on the global mean sea level, 1993-2010. Marine Geodesy, 35 (sup1), 82–97.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r34">Fasullo, J.T., C. Boening, F.W. Landerer and R.S. Nerem, 2013: Australia’s unique influence on global sea level in 2010–2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(16), 4368–4373, doi:10.1002/grl.50834.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r35">Mitrovica, J., M.E. Tamisiea, J.L. Davis and G.A. Milne, 2001: Recent mass balance of polar ice sheets inferred from patterns of global sea level change. Nature, 409, 1026–1029, doi:10.1038/35059054.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r36">Mitrovica, J. et al., 2011: On the robustness of predictions of sea level fingerprints. Geophys. J. Int., 187(2), 729–742.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r37">Lambeck, K., C. Smither and P. Johnston, 1998: Sea level change, glacial rebound and mantle viscosity fornorthern Europe. Geophys. J. Int., 134(1), 102–144, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00541.x.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r38">Peltier, W., 2004: Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age earth: the ICE-5G(VM2) model and GRACE. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 111–149, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503.144359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r39">Mitrovica, J.X. and G.A. Milne, 2003: On post-glacial sea level: I. General theory. Geophys. J. Int., 154(2), 253–267.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r40">Milne, G.A. and J.X. Mitrovica, 2008: Searching for eustasy in deglacial sea level histories. Quat. Sci. Rev., 27(25–26), 2292–2302.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r41">Gomez, N., D. Pollard and D. Holland, 2015: Sea level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice sheet mass loss. Nat. Commun., 6, 8798.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r42">Larour, E. et al., 2019: Slowdown in Antarctic mass loss from solid Earth and sea level feedbacks. Science, 364(6444), doi:10.1126/science.aav7908.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r43">Austermann, J. and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Calculating gravitationally self-consistent sea level changes driven by dynamic topography. Geophys. J. Int., 203(3), 1909–1922, doi:10.1093/gji/ggv371.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r44">Wöppelmann, G. and M. Marcos, 2016: Vertical land motion as a key to understanding sea level change and variability. Rev. Geophys., 54(1), 64–92.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r45">Little, C.M. et al., 2015a: Joint projections of US East Coast sea level and storm surge. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(12), 1114–1120.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r46">Masson-Delmotte, V. et al., 2013: Information from Palaeoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r47">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r48">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r49">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r50">Badger, M.P.S., D.N. Schmidt, A. Mackensen and R. D. Pancost, 2013: High-resolution alkenone palaeobarometry indicates relatively stable CO2 during the Pliocene (3.3–2.8 Ma). Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., 371(2001), 1–16, doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0094.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r51">Martínez-Botí, M.A. et al., 2015: Plio-Pleistocene climate sensitivity evaluated using high-resolution CO2 records. Nature, 518(7537), 49.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r52">Stap, L.B. et al., 2016: CO2 over the past 5 million years: Continuous simulation and new δ11B-based proxy data. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 439, 1–10, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.022.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r53">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r54">Haywood, A.M., H.J. Dowsett and A.M. Dolan, 2016: Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period. Nat. Commun., 7, 1–14 doi:10.1038/ncomms10646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r55">Capron, E. et al., 2014: Temporal and spatial structure of multi-millennial temperature changes at high latitudes during the Last Interglacial. Quat. Sci. Rev., 103, 116–133.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r56">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r57">Fischer, H. et al., 2018: Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °C anthropogenic warming and beyond, Nature Geoscience, 11(7). 474–485.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r58">Hoffman, J.S., P.U. Clark, A.C. Parnell and F. He, 2017: Regional and global sea-surface temperatures during the last interglaciation. Science, 355(6322), 276–279.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r59">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r60">Miller, K.G. et al., 2012: High tide of the warm Pliocene: Implications of global sea level for Antarctic deglaciation. Geology, doi:10.1130/g32869.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r61">Rovere, A. et al., 2014: The Mid-Pliocene sea level conundrum: Glacial isostasy, eustasy and dynamic topography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 387, 27–33, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.030.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r62">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r63">Raymo, M.E. et al., 2011: Departures from eustasy in Pliocene sea level records. Nat. Geosci., 4(5), 328.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r64">Rovere, A. et al., 2014: The Mid-Pliocene sea level conundrum: Glacial isostasy, eustasy and dynamic topography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 387, 27–33, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.030.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r65">Rowley, D.B. et al., 2013: Dynamic topography change of the eastern United States since 3 million years ago. Science, 340(6140), 1560–1563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r66">Raymo, M.E. et al., 2018: The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions. Earth-Sci. Rev., 177, 291–302, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.022.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r67">Miller, K.G. et al., 2012: High tide of the warm Pliocene: Implications of global sea level for Antarctic deglaciation. Geology, doi:10.1130/g32869.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r68">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r69">Masson-Delmotte, V. et al., 2013: Information from Palaeoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r70">Austermann, J. and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Calculating gravitationally self-consistent sea level changes driven by dynamic topography. Geophys. J. Int., 203(3), 1909–1922, doi:10.1093/gji/ggv371.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r71">Pollard, D., R.M. DeConto and R.B. Alley, 2015: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 412, 112–121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r72">Aitken, A.R.A. et al., 2016: Repeated large-scale retreat and advance of Totten Glacier indicated by inland bed erosion. Nature, 533, 385, doi:10.1038/nature17447.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r73">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r74">Gasson, E., R.M. DeConto and D. Pollard, 2016: Modeling the oxygen isotope composition of the Antarctic ice sheet and its significance to Pliocene sea level. Geology, 44(10), 827–830.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r75">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r76">Cook, C.P. et al., 2013: Dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet during Pliocene warmth. Nat. Geosci., 6(9), 765–769, doi:10.1038/ngeo1889.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r77">Patterson, M.O. et al., 2014: Orbital forcing of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Nat. Geosci., 7, 841–847, doi:10.1038/ngeo2273.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r78">Bertram, R.A. et al., 2018: Pliocene deglacial event timelines and the biogeochemical response offshore Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 494, 109–116, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.054.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r79">Austermann, J. and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Calculating gravitationally self-consistent sea level changes driven by dynamic topography. Geophys. J. Int., 203(3), 1909–1922, doi:10.1093/gji/ggv371.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r80">Pollard, D., R.M. DeConto and R.B. Alley, 2015: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 412, 112–121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r81">Yamane, M. et al., 2015: Exposure age and ice sheet model constraints on Pliocene East Antarctic ice sheet dynamics. Nat. Commun., 6, doi:10.1038/ncomms8016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r82">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r83">Gasson, E., R.M. DeConto and D. Pollard, 2016: Modeling the oxygen isotope composition of the Antarctic ice sheet and its significance to Pliocene sea level. Geology, 44(10), 827–830.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r84">Shakun, J.D. et al., 2018: Minimal East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat onto land during the past eight million years. Nature, 558(7709), 284–287, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0155-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r85">Fretwell, P. et al., 2013: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7(1), 375–393.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r86">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r87">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2009: Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage. Nature, 462(7275), 863–867, doi:10.1038/nature08686.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r88">Düsterhus, A., M.E. Tamisiea and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: Estimating the sea level highstand during the last interglacial: a probabilistic massive ensemble approach. Geophys. J. Int., 206(2), 900–920, doi:10.1093/gji/ggw174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r89">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2009: Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage. Nature, 462(7275), 863–867, doi:10.1038/nature08686.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r90">Lambeck, K., A. Purcell and A. Dutton, 2012: The anatomy of interglacial sea levels: The relationship between sea levels and ice volumes during the Last Interglacial. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 315–316, 4–11, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.026.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r91">Dendy, S., J. Austermann, J. Creveling and J.J.Q.S.R. Mitrovica, 2017: Sensitivity of Last Interglacial sea level high stands to ice sheet configuration during Marine Isotope Stage 6. Quaternary Science Reviews, 171, 234–244.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r92">Dendy, S., J. Austermann, J. Creveling and J.J.Q.S.R. Mitrovica, 2017: Sensitivity of Last Interglacial sea level high stands to ice sheet configuration during Marine Isotope Stage 6. Quaternary Science Reviews, 171, 234–244.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r93">Stap, L.B. et al., 2018: Modeled Influence of Land Ice and CO2 on Polar Amplification and Palaeoclimate Sensitivity During the Past 5 Million Years. Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 33(4), 381–394, doi:10.1002/2017pa003313.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r94">Dahl-Jensen, D. et al., 2013: Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493(7433), 489–494, doi:10.1038/nature11789.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r95">Landais, A. et al., 2016: How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period? Clim. Past, 12(9), 1933–1948, doi:10.5194/cp-12-1933-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r96">Yau, A.M., M. Bender, A. Robinson and E. Brook, 2016: Reconstructing the last interglacial at Summit, Greenland: Insights from GISP2. PNAS, 113(35), 9710–9715, doi:10.1073/pnas.1524766113.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r97">McFadgen, B. and D. Huitema, 2018: Experimentation at the interface of science and policy: a multi-case analysis of how policy experiments influence political decision-makers. Policy Sciences, 51(2), 161–187.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r98">Dahl-Jensen, D. et al., 2013: Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493(7433), 489–494, doi:10.1038/nature11789.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r99">Helsen, M.M. et al., 2013: Coupled regional climate–ice sheet simulation shows limited Greenland ice loss during the Eemian. Clim. Past, 9(4), 1773–1788, doi:10.5194/cp-9-1773-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r100">Quiquet, A., C. Ritz, H.J. Punge and D. Salas y Mélia, 2013: Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data. Clim. Past, 9(1), 353–366, doi:10.5194/cp-9-353-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r101">Dutton, A. et al., 2015a: Sea level rise due to polar ice sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 349 (6244).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r102">Goelzer, H., P. Huybrechts, M.-F. Loutre and T. Fichefet, 2016: Last Interglacial climate and sea level evolution from a coupled ice sheet–climate model. Clim. Past, 12, 2195–2213, doi:10.5194/cp-12-2195-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r103">Yau, A.M., M. Bender, A. Robinson and E. Brook, 2016: Reconstructing the last interglacial at Summit, Greenland: Insights from GISP2. PNAS, 113(35), 9710–9715, doi:10.1073/pnas.1524766113.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r104">Dutton, A., J.M. Webster, D. Zwartz and K. Lambeck, 2015b: Tropical tales of polar ice: evidence of Last Interglacial polar ice sheet retreat recorded by fossil reefs of the granitic Seychelles islands. Quat. Sci. Rev., 107, 182–196.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r105">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r106">Goelzer, H., P. Huybrechts, M.-F. Loutre and T. Fichefet, 2016: Last Interglacial climate and sea level evolution from a coupled ice sheet–climate model. Clim. Past, 12, 2195–2213, doi:10.5194/cp-12-2195-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r107">Sutter, J. et al., 2016: Ocean temperature thresholds for Last Interglacial West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(6), 2675–2682, doi:10.1002/2016GL067818.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r108">Steig, E.J. et al., 2015: Influence of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse on Antarctic surface climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(12), 4862–4868, doi:10.1002/2015GL063861.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r109">Wilson, A.M.W. and C. Forsyth, 2018: Restoring near-shore marine ecosystems to enhance climate security for island ocean states: Aligning international processes and local practices. Mar. Policy., 93, 284-294.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r110">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2016: Temperature-driven global sea level variability in the Common Era. PNAS, 113(11), E1434–E1441.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r111">Woodruff, J.D., J.L. Irish and S.J. Camargo, 2013: Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 44–52.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r112">Holgate, S.J. et al., 2012: New data systems and products at the permanent service for mean sea level. J. Coast. Res., 29(3), 493–504.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r113">PSMSL, 2019: Tide Gauge Data. Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. Available at: https://www.psmsl.org/</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r114">Shepherd, A. et al., 2012: A Reconciled Estimate of Ice sheet Mass Balance. Science, 338(6111), 1183–1189, doi:10.1126/science.1228102.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r115">Noël, B. et al., 2018: Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2-Part 1: Greenland (1958–2016). The Cryosphere, 12(3), 811–831.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r116">Rignot, E. et al., 2019: Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(4), 1095–1103, doi:10.1073/pnas.1812883116.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r117">Wöppelmann, G. and M. Marcos, 2016: Vertical land motion as a key to understanding sea level change and variability. Rev. Geophys., 54(1), 64–92.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r118">Pfeffer, J. et al., 2017: Decoding the origins of vertical land motions observed today at coasts. Geophys. J. Int., 210(1), 148–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r119">Raucoules, D. et al., 2013: High nonlinear urban ground motion in Manila (Philippines) from 1993 to 2010 observed by DInSAR: implications for sea level measurement. Remote Sens. Environ., 139, 386–397.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r120">Pfeffer, J. et al., 2017: Decoding the origins of vertical land motions observed today at coasts. Geophys. J. Int., 210(1), 148–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r121">Santamaría-Gómez, A. et al., 2017: Uncertainty of the 20th century sea level rise due to vertical land motion errors. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 473, 24–32.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r122">Kleinherenbrink, M., R. Riva and T.J.O.S. Frederikse, 2018: A comparison of methods to estimate vertical land motion trends from GNSS and altimetry at tide gauge stations. Ocean Sci., 14(2), 187-204.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r123">Riva, R.E. et al., 2017: Brief communication: The global signature of post-1900 land ice wastage on vertical land motion. The Cryosphere, 11(3), 1327–1332.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r124">Hay, C.C., E. Morrow, R.E. Kopp and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea level rise. Nature, 517(7535), 481–484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r125">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2017: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise. PNAS, 114(23), 5946–5951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r126">Hamlington, B. and P. Thompson, 2015: Considerations for estimating the 20th century trend in global mean sea level. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 4102–4109.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r127">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2017: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise. PNAS, 114(23), 5946–5951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r128">Hamlington, B. et al., 2018: Observation‐Driven Estimation of the Spatial Variability of 20th Century Sea Level Rise. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 123(3), 2129–2140.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r129">Hay, C.C., E. Morrow, R.E. Kopp and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea level rise. Nature, 517(7535), 481–484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r130">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2017: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise. PNAS, 114(23), 5946–5951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r131">Jevrejeva, S., J. Moore, A. Grinsted and P. Woodworth, 2008: Recent global sea level acceleration started over 200 years ago? Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(8), 1-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r132">Church, J.A. and N.J. White, 2011: Sea level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv. Geophys., 32(4–5), 585–602.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r133">Ray, R.D. and B.C. Douglas, 2011: Experiments in reconstructing twentieth-century sea levels. Progr. Oceanogr., 91(4), 496–515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r134">Haigh, I.D. et al., 2014b: Timescales for detecting a significant acceleration in sea level rise. Nat. Commun., 5, 3635.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r135">Hay, C.C., E. Morrow, R.E. Kopp and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea level rise. Nature, 517(7535), 481–484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r136">Watson, P.J., 2016: A new perspective on global mean sea level (GMSL) acceleration. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6478–6484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r137">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2017: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise. PNAS, 114(23), 5946–5951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r138">Nerem, R.S., D.P. Chambers, C. Choe and G.T. Mitchum, 2010: Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions. Mar. Geod., 33(S1), 435–446.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r139">Henry, O. et al., 2014: Effect of the processing methodology on satellite altimetry-based global mean sea level rise over the Jason-1 operating period. Journal of Geodesy, 88(4), 351–361.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r140">Leuliette, E.W., 2015: The balancing of the sea level budget. Curr. Clim., 1(3), 185–191.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r141">Watson, C.S. et al., 2015: Unabated global mean sea level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6), 565–568, doi:10.1038/nclimate2635.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r142">Beckley, B. et al., 2017: On the “Cal‐Mode” Correction to TOPEX Satellite Altimetry and Its Effect on the Global Mean Sea Level Time Series. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(11), 8371–8384.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r143">Legeais, J.-F. et al., 2018: An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r144">Watson, C.S. et al., 2015: Unabated global mean sea level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6), 565–568, doi:10.1038/nclimate2635.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r145">Chen, X. et al., 2017: The increasing rate of global mean sea level rise during 1993-2014. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(7), 492–495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r146">Dieng, H., A. Cazenave, B. Meyssignac and M. Ablain, 2017: New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3744–3751.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r147">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r148">Watson, C.S. et al., 2015: Unabated global mean sea level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6), 565–568, doi:10.1038/nclimate2635.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r149">Nerem, R.S. et al., 2018: Climate-change–driven accelerated sea level rise detected in the altimeter era. PNAS, 115(9), 2022-2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.1717312115.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r150">Chen, X. et al., 2017: The increasing rate of global mean sea level rise during 1993-2014. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(7), 492–495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r151">Dieng, H., A. Cazenave, B. Meyssignac and M. Ablain, 2017: New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3744–3751.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r152">Fasullo, J., R. Nerem and B. Hamlington, 2016: Is the detection of accelerated sea level rise imminent? Sci. Rep., 6, 31245.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r153">Slangen, A. et al., 2016: Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea level rise since 1970. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 701–705.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r154">Ablain, Michaël, et al., 2019: Uncertainty in satellite estimates of global mean sea-level changes, trend and acceleration. Earth System Science Data 11(3), 1189–1202.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r155">Church, J.A. and N.J. White, 2011: Sea level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv. Geophys., 32(4–5), 585–602.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r156">Ray, R.D. and B.C. Douglas, 2011: Experiments in reconstructing twentieth-century sea levels. Progr. Oceanogr., 91(4), 496–515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r157">Jevrejeva, S., J. Moore, A. Grinsted and P. Woodworth, 2008: Recent global sea level acceleration started over 200 years ago? Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(8), 1-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r158">Hay, C.C., E. Morrow, R.E. Kopp and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea level rise. Nature, 517(7535), 481–484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r159">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2017: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise. PNAS, 114(23), 5946–5951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r160">Taylor, K.E., R.J. Stouffer and G.A. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93(4), 485–498.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r161">Taylor, K.E., R.J. Stouffer and G.A. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93(4), 485–498.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r162">Storlazzi, C. et al., 2017: Rigorously valuing the role of coral reefs in coastal protection: An example from Maui, Hawaii, USA. In: Coastal Dynamics 2017, Helsingør, Denmark, [Aagaard, T., R. Deigaard and D. Fuhrman (eds.)], pp. 665–674.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r163">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r164">Pfeffer, J., P. Tregoning, A. Purcell and M. Sambridge, 2018: Multitechnique Assessment of the Interannual to Multidecadal Variability in Steric Sea Levels: A Comparative Analysis of Climate Mode Fingerprints. J. Clim., 31(18), 7583–7597.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r165">Palmer, M. et al., 2010: Future observations for monitoring global ocean heat content. In: Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society, Venice, Italy, 1–13 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r166">Boyer, T. et al., 2016: Sensitivity of global upper-ocean heat content estimates to mapping methods, XBT bias corrections, and baseline climatologies. J. Clim., 29(13), 4817–4842.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r167">Cheng, L. et al., 2016: Observed and simulated full-depth ocean heat-content changes for 1970–2005. Ocean Sci, 12, 925–935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r168">Roemmich, D. et al., 2015: Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(3), 240–245.</span></li>
<li><div id="fn:r169"></div>

<li><span id="fn:r170">Wijffels, S. et al., 2016: Ocean temperatures chronicle the ongoing warming of Earth. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(2), 116–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r171">Riser, S.C. et al., 2016: Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(2), 145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r172">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r173">Gregory, J.M., 2010: Long‐term effect of volcanic forcing on ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37(22).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r174">Gregory, J.M. et al., 2013: Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? J. Clim., 26(13), 4476–4499, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r175">Purkey, S.G. and G.C. Johnson, 2010: Warming of global abyssal and deep Southern Ocean waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to global heat and sea level rise budgets. J. Clim., 23(23), 6336–6351.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r176">Desbruyères, D., E. L. McDonagh, B. A. King and V. Thierry, 2017: Global and Full-Depth Ocean Temperature Trends during the Early Twenty-First Century from Argo and Repeat Hydrography. J. Clim., 30(6), 1985–1997.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r177">Marzeion, B., P. Leclercq, J. Cogley and A. Jarosch, 2015: Brief Communication: Global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2399–2404.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r178">Marzeion, B., P. Leclercq, J. Cogley and A. Jarosch, 2015: Brief Communication: Global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2399–2404.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r179">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r180">Frederikse, T., R.E. Riva and M.A.J.G.R.L. King, 2017: Ocean bottom deformation due to present‐day mass redistribution and its impact on sea level observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(24), 306–314.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r181">Lickley, M.J., C.C. Hay, M.E. Tamisiea and J.X. Mitrovica, 2018: Bias in estimates of global mean sea level change inferred from satellite altimetry. J. Clim., 31(13), 5263–5271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r182">Ablain, M. et al., 2015: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project. Ocean Sci., 11(1), 67–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r183">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r184">Shepherd, A. et al., 2012: A Reconciled Estimate of Ice sheet Mass Balance. Science, 338(6111), 1183–1189, doi:10.1126/science.1228102.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r185">Zemp, M. et al., 2019: Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea level rise from 1961 to 2016. Nature, 568(7752), 382–386, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1071-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r186">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r187">Slangen, A. et al., 2016: Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea level rise since 1970. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 701–705.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r188">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r189">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r190">Cheng, L., J. Abraham, Z. Hausfather and K.E.J.S. Trenberth, 2019: How fast are the oceans warming? 363(6423), 128–129.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r191">Melet, A. and B. Meyssignac, 2015: Explaining the spread in global mean thermosteric sea level rise in CMIP5 climate models. J. Clim., 28(24), 9918–9940.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r192">Gleckler, P. . et al., 2016: Industrial-era global ocean heat uptake doubles in recent decades. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 394–398.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r193">Chen, X. et al., 2017: The increasing rate of global mean sea level rise during 1993-2014. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(7), 492–495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r194">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r195">Dieng, H.B. et al., 2015b: The sea level budget since 2003: inference on the deep ocean heat content. Surv. Geophys., 36(2), 209–229.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r196">Reager, J.T. et al., 2016: A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology. Science, 351(6274), 699–703, doi:10.1126/science.aad8386.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r197">Rietbroek, R. et al., 2016: Revisiting the contemporary sea level budget on global and regional scales. PNAS, 113(6), 1504–1509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r198">Chambers, D. P. et al., 2017: Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 309–327.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r199">Blazquez, A. et al., 2018: Exploring the uncertainty in GRACE estimates of the mass redistributions at the Earth surface: implications for the global water and sea level budgets. Geophys. J. Int., 215(1), 415–430.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r200">Uebbing, B., J. Kusche, R. Rietbroek and F.W. Landerer, 2019: Processing choices affect ocean mass estimates from GRACE. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 124(2), 1029–1044.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r201">Chen, J., C. Wilson and B. Tapley, 2013: Contribution of ice sheet and mountain glacier melt to recent sea level rise. Nat. Geosci., 6(7), 549–552.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r202">Jensen, L., R. Rietbroek and J. Kusche, 2013: Land water contribution to sea level from GRACE and Jason‐1measurements. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 118(1), 212–226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r203">Johnson, G.C. and D.P. Chambers, 2013: Ocean bottom pressure seasonal cycles and decadal trends from GRACE Release‐05: Ocean circulation implications. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 118(9), 4228–4240.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r204">Rietbroek, R. et al., 2016: Revisiting the contemporary sea level budget on global and regional scales. PNAS, 113(6), 1504–1509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r205">Blazquez, A. et al., 2018: Exploring the uncertainty in GRACE estimates of the mass redistributions at the Earth surface: implications for the global water and sea level budgets. Geophys. J. Int., 215(1), 415–430.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r206">Uebbing, B., J. Kusche, R. Rietbroek and F.W. Landerer, 2019: Processing choices affect ocean mass estimates from GRACE. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 124(2), 1029–1044.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r207">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r208">Wouters, B., A.S. Gardner and G. Moholdt, 2019: Global glacier mass loss during the GRACE satellite mission (2002-2016). Front. Earth Sci., 7, 96.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r209">Zemp, M. et al., 2019: Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea level rise from 1961 to 2016. Nature, 568(7752), 382–386, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1071-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r210">Cogley, J.G., 2009: Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis. Ann. Glaciol., 50(50), 96–100.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r211">Leclercq, P.W., J. Oerlemans and J.G. Cogley, 2011: Estimating the glacier contribution to sea level rise for the period 1800–2005. Surv. Geophys., 32(4–5), 519.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r212">Marzeion, B., A. Jarosch and M. Hofer, 2012: Past and future sea level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers. The Cryosphere, 6(6), 1295.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r213">Marzeion, B., P. Leclercq, J. Cogley and A. Jarosch, 2015: Brief Communication: Global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2399–2404.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r214">Marzeion, B., P. Leclercq, J. Cogley and A. Jarosch, 2015: Brief Communication: Global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2399–2404.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r215">Parkes, D. and B. Marzeion, 2018: Twentieth-century contribution to sea level rise from uncharted glaciers. Nature, 563(7732), 551.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r216">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r217">Kjeldsen, K.K. et al., 2015: Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900. Nature, 528(7582), 396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r218">Kjeldsen, K.K. et al., 2015: Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900. Nature, 528(7582), 396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r219">Rignot, E. et al., 2019: Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(4), 1095–1103, doi:10.1073/pnas.1812883116.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r220">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r221">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r222">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r223">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r224">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r225">Döll, P. et al., 2016: Modelling freshwater resources at the global scale: Challenges and prospects. Surv. Geophys., 37(2), 195–221.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r226">Reager, J.T. et al., 2016: A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology. Science, 351(6274), 699–703, doi:10.1126/science.aad8386.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r227">Hamlington, B. et al., 2017: Separating decadal global water cycle variability from sea level rise. Scientific Reports, 7(995), 1–7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r228">Wada, Y. et al., 2017: Recent Changes in Land Water Storage and its Contribution to Sea Level Variations. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 131–152.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r229">Döll, P. et al., 2016: Modelling freshwater resources at the global scale: Challenges and prospects. Surv. Geophys., 37(2), 195–221.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r230">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r231">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r232">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r233">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r234">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r235">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r236">Wada, Y. et al., 2017: Recent Changes in Land Water Storage and its Contribution to Sea Level Variations. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 131–152.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r237">Scanlon, B.R. et al., 2018: Global models underestimate large decadal declining and rising water storage trends relative to GRACE satellite data. PNAS, 115(6), 1080-1089.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r238">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r239">Dieng, H.B. et al., 2015a: Total land water storage change over 2003–2013 estimated from a global mass budget approach. Environ. Res. Lett., 10(12), 124010.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r240">Reager, J.T. et al., 2016: A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology. Science, 351(6274), 699–703, doi:10.1126/science.aad8386.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r241">Dieng, H., A. Cazenave, B. Meyssignac and M. Ablain, 2017: New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(8), 3744–3751.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r242">WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018: Global sea level budget 1993-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10(3), 1551–1590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r243">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r244">Velicogna, I., T. Sutterley and M. Van Den Broeke, 2014: Regional acceleration in ice mass loss from Greenland and Antarctica using GRACE time‐variable gravity data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(22), 8130–8137.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r245">Harig, C. and F.J. Simons, 2015: Accelerated West Antarctic ice mass loss continues to outpace East Antarctic gains. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 415, 134–141.</span></li>
<li><div id="fn:r246"></div>

<li><div id="fn:r247"></div>

<li><div id="fn:r248"></div>

<li><span id="fn:r249">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r250">Gregory, J.M. et al., 2013: Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? J. Clim., 26(13), 4476–4499, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r251">Jevrejeva, S., A. Matthews and A. Slangen, 2017: The twentieth-century sea level budget: recent progress and</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r252">Meyssignac, B. et al., 2017c: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part II: Regional sea level changes. J. Clim., 30(21), 8565–8593.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r253">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r254">Parkes, D. and B. Marzeion, 2018: Twentieth-century contribution to sea level rise from uncharted glaciers. Nature, 563(7732), 551.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r255">Frederikse, T., S. Jevrejeva, R.E. Riva and S. Dangendorf, 2018: A consistent sea level reconstruction and its budget on basin and global scales over 1958–2014. J. Clim., 31(3), 1267–1280.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r256">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r257">Parkes, D. and B. Marzeion, 2018: Twentieth-century contribution to sea level rise from uncharted glaciers. Nature, 563(7732), 551.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r258">Marzeion, B., P. Leclercq, J. Cogley and A. Jarosch, 2015: Brief Communication: Global reconstructions of glacier mass change during the 20th century are consistent. The Cryosphere, 9(6), 2399–2404.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r259">Noël, B. et al., 2015: Evaluation of the updated regional climate model RACMO2. 3: summer snowfall impact on the Greenland Ice Sheet. The Cryosphere, 9(5), 1831–1844.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r260">Meyssignac, B., X. Fettweis, R. Chevrier and G. Spada, 2017a: Regional Sea Level Changes for the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries Induced by the Regional Variability in Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss. J. Clim., 30(6), 2011–2028, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0337.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r261">Döll, P. et al., 2014: Global‐scale assessment of groundwater depletion and related groundwater abstractions: Combining hydrological modeling with information from well observations and GRACE satellites. Water Resourc. Res., 50(7), 5698–5720.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r262">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r263">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r264">Legeais, J.-F. et al., 2018: An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r265">Watson, C.S. et al., 2015: Unabated global mean sea level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6), 565–568, doi:10.1038/nclimate2635.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r266">Ablain, M. et al., 2015: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project. Ocean Sci., 11(1), 67–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r267">Bjørk, A.A. et al., 2012: An aerial view of 80 years of climate-related glacier fluctuations in southeast Greenland. Nat. Geosci., 5(6), 427–432.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r268">Fettweis, X. et al., 2017: Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model. The Cryosphere, 11(2), 1015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r269">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r270">Fettweis, X. et al., 2017: Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model. The Cryosphere, 11(2), 1015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r271">Hamlington, B. et al., 2018: Observation‐Driven Estimation of the Spatial Variability of 20th Century Sea Level Rise. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 123(3), 2129–2140.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r272">Stammer, D., A. Cazenave, R.M. Ponte and M.E. Tamisiea, 2013: Causes for contemporary regional sea level changes. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 21–46.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r273">Forget, G. and R.M. Ponte, 2015: The partition of regional sea level variability. Progr. Oceanogr., 137, 173–195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r274">Meyssignac, B. et al., 2017b: Causes of the regional variability in observed sea level, sea surface temperature and ocean colour over the period 1993–2011. Surv. Geophys., 38, 187–215.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r275">Stammer, D., A. Cazenave, R.M. Ponte and M.E. Tamisiea, 2013: Causes for contemporary regional sea level changes. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 5, 21–46.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r276">Legeais, J.-F. et al., 2018: An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r277">Slangen, A. et al., 2016: Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea level rise since 1970. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 701–705.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r278">Forget, G. and R.M. Ponte, 2015: The partition of regional sea level variability. Progr. Oceanogr., 137, 173–195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r279">Meyssignac, B. et al., 2017b: Causes of the regional variability in observed sea level, sea surface temperature and ocean colour over the period 1993–2011. Surv. Geophys., 38, 187–215.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r280">Forget, G. and R.M. Ponte, 2015: The partition of regional sea level variability. Progr. Oceanogr., 137, 173–195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r281">Hamlington, B. et al., 2013: Contribution of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation to global mean sea level trends. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(19), 5171–5175.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r282">Moon, J.H., Y.T. Song, P.D. Bromirski and A.J. Miller, 2013: Multidecadal regional sea level shifts in the Pacific over 1958–2008. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 118(12), 7024–7035.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r283">Palanisamy, H., A. Cazenave, T. Delcroix and B. Meyssignac, 2015: Spatial trend patterns in the Pacific Ocean sea level during the altimetry era: the contribution of thermocline depth change and internal climate variability. Ocean Dynam., 65(3), 341–356.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r284">Han, W. et al., 2017: Spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural internal climate modes. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 217–250.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r285">Nidheesh, A. et al., 2013: Decadal and long-term sea level variability in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Clim. Dyn., 41(2), 381–402.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r286">Han, W. et al., 2014: Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades. Clim. Dyn., 43(5–6), 1357–1379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r287">Thompson, P. et al., 2016: Forcing of recent decadal variability in the Equatorial and North Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 121(9), 6762–6778.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r288">Han, W. et al., 2017: Spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural internal climate modes. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 217–250.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r289">Moon, J.H., Y.T. Song, P.D. Bromirski and A.J. Miller, 2013: Multidecadal regional sea level shifts in the Pacific over 1958–2008. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 118(12), 7024–7035.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r290">Han, W. et al., 2014: Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades. Clim. Dyn., 43(5–6), 1357–1379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r291">Thompson, P. and G. Mitchum, 2014: Coherent sea level variability on the North Atlantic western boundary. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 119(9), 5676–5689.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r292">England, M.H. et al., 2014: Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(3), 222.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r293">Hamlington, B. et al., 2014: Uncovering an anthropogenic sea level rise signal in the Pacific Ocean. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(9), 782.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r294">McGregor, S. et al., 2014: Recent Walker circulation strengthening and Pacific cooling amplified by Atlantic warming. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(10), 888.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r295">Han, W. et al., 2017: Spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural internal climate modes. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 217–250.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r296">McCarthy, G.D. et al., 2015: Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea level observations. Nature, 521(7553), 508.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r297">Schloesser, F., R. Furue, J. McCreary and A. Timmermann, 2014: Dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Part 2: Forcing by winds and buoyancy. Progr. Oceanogr., 120, 154–176.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r298">Yeager, S. and G. Danabasoglu, 2014: The origins of late-twentieth-century variations in the large-scale North Atlantic circulation. J. Clim., 27(9), 3222–3247.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r299">Frankcombe, L.M., S. McGregor and M.H. England, 2015: Robustness of the modes of Indo-Pacific sea level variability. Clim. Dyn., 45(5–6), 1281–1298.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r300">Thompson, P. and G. Mitchum, 2014: Coherent sea level variability on the North Atlantic western boundary. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 119(9), 5676–5689.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r301">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r302">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r303">Slangen, A. et al., 2014a: Projecting twenty-first century regional sea level changes. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 317–332, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r304">Bilbao, R.A., J.M. Gregory and N. Bouttes, 2015: Analysis of the regional pattern of sea level change due to ocean dynamics and density change for 1993–2099 in observations and CMIP5 AOGCMs. Clim. Dyn., 45 (9–10), 2647–2666.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r305">Carson, M. et al., 2016: Coastal sea level changes, observed and projected during the 20th and 21st century. Clim. Change, 134 (1-2), 269-281.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r306">Meyssignac, B., X. Fettweis, R. Chevrier and G. Spada, 2017a: Regional Sea Level Changes for the Twentieth and the Twenty-First Centuries Induced by the Regional Variability in Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss. J. Clim., 30(6), 2011–2028, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0337.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r307">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r308">Meyssignac, B. et al., 2017c: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part II: Regional sea level changes. J. Clim., 30(21), 8565–8593.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r309">Slangen, A.B. et al., 2017b: Evaluating model simulations of twentieth-century sea level rise. Part I: Global mean sea level change. J. Clim., 30(21), 8539–8563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r310">Sérazin, G. et al., 2016: Quantifying uncertainties on regional sea level change induced by multidecadal intrinsic oceanic variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(15), 8151–8159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r311">Adloff, F. et al., 2018: Improving sea level simulation in Mediterranean regional climate models. Clim. Dyn., 51(3), 1167–1178.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r312">Little, C.M. et al., 2015b: Uncertainty in twenty-first-century CMIP5 sea level projections. J. Clim., 28(2), 838–852.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r313">Vousdoukas, M.I., 2016: Developments in large-scale coastal flood hazard mapping. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(8), 1841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r314">Vousdoukas, M.I., 2016: Developments in large-scale coastal flood hazard mapping. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(8), 1841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r315">Wahl, T. et al., 2017: Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis. Nat. Commun., 8, 1-12, doi:10.1038/ncomms16075.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r316">Vousdoukas, M.I., 2016: Developments in large-scale coastal flood hazard mapping. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(8), 1841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r317">Vitousek, S. et al., 2017: Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea level rise. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1399.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r318">Melet, A., B. Meyssignac, R. Almar and G. Le Cozannet, 2018: Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r319">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018c: Global probabilistic projections of extreme sea levels show intensification of coastal flood hazard. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 2360.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r320">Cid, A. et al., 2017: Global reconstructed daily surge levels from the 20th Century Reanalysis (1871–2010). Global Planet. Change, 148, 9–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r321">Muis, S. et al., 2017: A comparison of two global datasets of extreme sea levels and resulting flood exposure. Earth’s Future, 5(4), 379–392.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r322">Wahl, T. et al., 2017: Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis. Nat. Commun., 8, 1-12, doi:10.1038/ncomms16075.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r323">Woodroffe, C.D. et al., 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 243–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r324">Hemer, M.A. et al., 2013: Projected changes in wave climate from a multi-model ensemble. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(5), 471.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r325">Cipollini, P. et al., 2017: Monitoring sea level in the coastal zone with satellite altimetry and tide gauges. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 33–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r326">Muis, S. et al., 2016: A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels. Nat. Commun., 7, doi:10.1038/ncomms11969.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r327">Holgate, S.J. et al., 2012: New data systems and products at the permanent service for mean sea level. J. Coast. Res., 29(3), 493–504.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r328">Marcos, M., F.M. Calafat, Á. Berihuete and S. Dangendorf, 2015: Long‐term variations in global sea level extremes. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 120(12), 8115–8134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r329">Ruggiero, P., 2012: Is the intensifying wave climate of the US Pacific Northwest increasing flooding and erosion risk faster than sea level rise? J. Waterway Port Coast., 139(2), 88–97.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r330">Melet, A., S. Legg and R. Hallberg, 2016: Climatic impacts of parameterized local and remote tidal mixing. J. Clim., 29(10), 3473–3500.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r331">Melet, A., B. Meyssignac, R. Almar and G. Le Cozannet, 2018: Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r332">Wahl, T., F.M. Calafat and M.E. Luther, 2014: Rapid changes in the seasonal sea level cycle along the US Gulf coast from the late 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(2), 491–498.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r333">Wahl, T. and N. G. Plant, 2015: Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long‐term and cyclic oceanographic trends. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(8), 2943–2950.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r334">Castrucci, L. and N. J. M. T. S. J. Tahvildari, 2018: Modeling the Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Storm Surge Inundation in Flood-Prone Urban Areas of Hampton Roads, Virginia. 52(2), 92–105.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r335">Wadey, M., S. Brown, R.J. Nicholls and I. Haigh, 2017: Coastal flooding in the Maldives: an assessment of historic events and their implications. Nat. Hazards, 89(1), 131–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r336">Day, J.W. et al., 2016: Approaches to defining deltaic sustainability in the 21st century. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 275–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r337">Syvitski, J.P. et al., 2009: Sinking deltas due to human activities. Nat. Geosci., 2(10), 681–686.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r338">Syvitski, J.P. and Y. Saito, 2007: Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans. Global Planet. Change, 57(3–4), 261–282.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r339">Vörösmarty, C.J. et al., 2003: Anthropogenic sediment retention: major global impact from registered river impoundments. Global Planet. Change, 39(1–2), 169–190.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r340">Syvitski, J.P. and Y. Saito, 2007: Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans. Global Planet. Change, 57(3–4), 261–282.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r341">Syvitski, J.P. et al., 2009: Sinking deltas due to human activities. Nat. Geosci., 2(10), 681–686.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r342">Luo, X. et al., 2017: New evidence of Yangtze delta recession after closing of the Three Gorges Dam. Sci. Rep., 7, 41735.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r343">Higgins, S.A., 2016: Advances in delta-subsidence research using satellite methods. Hydrogeol. J., 24(3), 587–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r344">Brown, S. and R. Nicholls, 2015: Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: the case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna. Sci. Total Environ., 527, 362–374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r345">Karpytchev, M. et al., 2018: Contributions of a Strengthened Early Holocene Monsoon and Sediment Loading to Present‐Day Subsidence of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra Delta. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(3), 1433–1442.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r346">Tessler, Z.D., C.J. Vörösmarty, I. Overeem and J.P. Syvitski, 2018: A model of water and sediment balance as determinants of relative sea level rise in contemporary and future deltas. Geomorphology, 305, 209-220.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r347">Vachaud, G. et al., 2018: Flood-related risks in Ho Chi Minh City and ways of mitigation. J. Hydrol., 573, 1021-1027.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r348">Yin, J. et al., 2013: Modelling the combined impacts of sea level rise and land subsidence on storm tides induced flooding of the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China. Clim. Change, 119(3–4), 919–932.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r349">Cheng, H. et al., 2018: Mapping Sea Level Rise Behavior in an Estuarine Delta System: A Case Study along the Shanghai Coast. Engineering, 4(1), 156–163.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r350">Bucx, T., C. van Ruiten, G. Erkens and G. de Lange, 2015: An integrated assessment framework for land subsidence in delta cities. Proc. Int. Assoc. Hydrology. Sci., 372, 485.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r351">Higgins, S.A., 2016: Advances in delta-subsidence research using satellite methods. Hydrogeol. J., 24(3), 587–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r352">Higgins, S.A., 2016: Advances in delta-subsidence research using satellite methods. Hydrogeol. J., 24(3), 587–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r353">Tessler, Z.D., C.J. Vörösmarty, I. Overeem and J.P. Syvitski, 2018: A model of water and sediment balance as determinants of relative sea level rise in contemporary and future deltas. Geomorphology, 305, 209-220.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r354">Tessler, Z.D., C.J. Vörösmarty, I. Overeem and J.P. Syvitski, 2018: A model of water and sediment balance as determinants of relative sea level rise in contemporary and future deltas. Geomorphology, 305, 209-220.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r355">Marcos, M. and A. Amores, 2014: Quantifying anthropogenic and natural contributions to thermosteric sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(7), 2502–2507, doi:10.1002/2014GL059766.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r356">Dangendorf, S. et al., 2015: Detecting anthropogenic footprints in sea level rise. Nat. Commun., 6, 1–9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r357">Slangen, A. et al., 2016: Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea level rise since 1970. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 701–705.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r358">Church, J.A. and N.J. White, 2011: Sea level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv. Geophys., 32(4–5), 585–602.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r359">Church, J.A. and N.J. White, 2011: Sea level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv. Geophys., 32(4–5), 585–602.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r360">Hay, C.C., E. Morrow, R.E. Kopp and J.X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea level rise. Nature, 517(7535), 481–484.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r361">Parkes, D. and B. Marzeion, 2018: Twentieth-century contribution to sea level rise from uncharted glaciers. Nature, 563(7732), 551.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r362">Slangen, A. et al., 2016: Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea level rise since 1970. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 701–705.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r363">Cazenave, A. and G.L. Cozannet, 2014: Sea level rise and its coastal impacts. Earth’s Future, 2(2), 15–34.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r364">Hamlington, B. et al., 2017: Separating decadal global water cycle variability from sea level rise. Scientific Reports, 7(995), 1–7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r365">Zhang, K. et al., 2012: The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 102, 11–23.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r366">Lenaerts, J. et al., 2016: Meltwater produced by wind–albedo interaction stored in an East Antarctic ice shelf. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(1), 58.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r367">Donat-Magnin, M. et al., 2017: Ice shelf Melt Response to Changing Winds and Glacier Dynamics in the Amundsen Sea Sector, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 122(12), 10206–10224, doi:10.1002/2017JC013059.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r368">Whitehouse, P.L., N. Gomez, M.A. King and D.A. Wiens, 2019: Solid Earth change and the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nat. Commun., 10(1), 503.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r369">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r370">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r371">Nauels, A. et al., 2017b: Linking sea level rise and socioeconomic indicators under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(11), 114002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r372">Slangen, A. et al., 2017a: The impact of uncertainties in ice sheet dynamics on sea level allowances at tide gauge locations. J. Mar. Sci Eng., 5(2), 1-20, doi:10.3390/jmse5020021.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r373">Horton, B.P. et al., 2018: Mapping sea level change in time, space, and probability. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 481–521.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r374">Colbert, A.J., B.J. Soden, G.A. Vecchi and B.P. Kirtman, 2013: The impact of anthropogenic climate change on North Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks. J. Clim., 26(12), 4088–4095.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r375">Garner, A.J. et al., 2017: Impact of climate change on NYC’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE. PNAS, 114(45), 11861–11866.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r376">Csatho, B.M. et al., 2014: Laser altimetry reveals complex pattern of Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics. PNAS, 111(52), 18478–18483.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r377">Enderlin, E.M., I.M. Howat, S. Jeong, M.-J. Noh, J.H. van Angelen, and M.R. van den Broeke, 2014: An improved mass budget for the Greenland ice sheet. Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, 866–872, doi:10.1002/2013GL059010.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r378">van den Broeke, M.R. et al., 2016: On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change. The Cryosphere, 10, 1933–1946, doi:10.5194/tc-10-1933-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r379">Noël, B. et al., 2017: A tipping point in refreezing accelerates mass loss of Greenland’s glaciers and ice caps. Nat. Commun., 8, 14730, doi:10.1038/ncomms14730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r380">Bevis, M. et al., 2019: Accelerating changes in ice mass within Greenland, and the ice sheet’s sensitivity to atmospheric forcing. PNAS, 116(6), 1934–1939, doi:10.1073/pnas.1806562116.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r381">Tedesco, M. et al., 2016: The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100). The Cryosphere, 10(2), 477–496, doi:10.5194/tc-10-477-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r382">Ryan, J.C. et al., 2018: Dark zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet controlled by distributed biologically-active impurities. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 1065, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03353-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r383">Trusel, L.D. et al., 2018: Nonlinear rise in Greenland runoff in response to post-industrial Arctic warming. Nature, 564(7734), 104–108, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0752-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r384">Ryan, J.C. et al., 2019: Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt amplified by snowline migration and bare ice exposure. Sci. Adv., 5(3), eaav3738, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3738.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r385">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r386">Zwally, H.J. et al., 2002: Surface Melt-Induced Acceleration of Greenland Ice sheet Flow. Science, 297(5579), 218–222, doi:10.1126/science.1072708.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r387">van de Wal, R. .W. et al., 2015: Self-regulation of ice flow varies across the ablation area in south-west Greenland. The Cryosphere, 9(2), 603–611, doi:10.5194/tc-9-603-2015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r388">Flowers, G.E., 2018: Hydrology and the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 2729, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05002-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r389">Shannon, S.R. et al., 2013: Enhanced basal lubrication and the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to future sea level rise. PNAS, 110(35), 14156–14161.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r390">Edwards, T. et al., 2014: Effect of uncertainty in surface mass balance-elevation feedback on projections of the future sea level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet. The Cryosphere, 8(1), 195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r391">Goelzer, H. et al., 2013: Sensitivity of Greenland ice sheet projections to model formulations. J. Glaciol., 59(216), 733–749.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r392">Stevens, L.A. et al., 2016: Greenland Ice Sheet flow response to runoff variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(21), 11295–11303, doi:10.1002/2016GL070414.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r393">Noël, B. et al., 2017: A tipping point in refreezing accelerates mass loss of Greenland’s glaciers and ice caps. Nat. Commun., 8, 14730, doi:10.1038/ncomms14730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r394">Hempelmann, N. et al., 2018: Web processing service for climate impact and extreme weather event analyses. Flyingpigeon (Version 1.0). Comput. Geosci., 110, 65–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r395">Chauché, N. et al., 2014: Ice–ocean interaction and calving front morphology at two west Greenland tidewater outlet glaciers. The Cryosphere, 8(4), 145–1468, doi:10.5194/tc-8-1457-2014.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r396">Pattyn, F. et al., 2018: The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets under 1.5 °C global warming. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(12), 1053–1061, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r397">Edwards, T. et al., 2014: Effect of uncertainty in surface mass balance-elevation feedback on projections of the future sea level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet. The Cryosphere, 8(1), 195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r398">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r399">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r400">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r401">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r402">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r403">Edwards, T. et al., 2014: Effect of uncertainty in surface mass balance-elevation feedback on projections of the future sea level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet. The Cryosphere, 8(1), 195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r404">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r405">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r406">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r407">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r408">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r409">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r410">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r411">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r412">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r413">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r414">Edwards, T. et al., 2014: Effect of uncertainty in surface mass balance-elevation feedback on projections of the future sea level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet. The Cryosphere, 8(1), 195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r415">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r416">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r417">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r418">Bindoff, N.L. et al., 2013: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 867–952.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r419">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r420">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r421">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r422">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r423">Gregory, J. and P. Huybrechts, 2006: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level change. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., 364(1844), 1709–1732.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r424">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r425">Bamber, J.L. et al., 2019: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS, 116(23), 11195–11200.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r426">Bamber, J.L. et al., 2019: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS, 116(23), 11195–11200.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r427">Nick, F.M. et al., 2013: Future sea level rise from Greenland’s main outlet glaciers in a warming climate. Nature, 497(7448), 235–238, doi:10.1038/nature12068.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r428">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r429">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r430">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r431">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r432">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r433">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r434">Fürst, J., H. Goelzer and P. Huybrechts, 2015: Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming. The Cryosphere, 9(3), 1039–1062.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r435">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r436">Morlighem, M. et al., 2017: BedMachine v3: Complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11051–11061, doi:10.1002/2017GL074954.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r437">Fretwell, P. et al., 2013: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7(1), 375–393.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r438">Goelzer, H. et al., 2013: Sensitivity of Greenland ice sheet projections to model formulations. J. Glaciol., 59(216), 733–749.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r439">Lipscomb, W.H. et al., 2013: Implementation and initial evaluation of the glimmer community ice sheet model in the community earth system model. J. Clim., 26(19), 7352–7371.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r440">Morlighem, M. et al., 2014: Deeply incised submarine glacial valleys beneath the Greenland ice sheet. Nat. Geosci., 7(6), 418–422.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r441">Morlighem, M. et al., 2017: BedMachine v3: Complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11051–11061, doi:10.1002/2017GL074954.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r442">Aschwanden, A., M.A. Fahnestock and M. Truffer, 2016: Complex Greenland outlet glacier flow captured. Nat. Commun., 7, 10524, doi:10.1038/ncomms10524.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r443">Morlighem, M. et al., 2016: Modeling of Store Gletscher’s calving dynamics, West Greenland, in response to ocean thermal forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(6), 2659–2666, doi:10.1002/2016gl067695.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r444">Nick, F.M. et al., 2013: Future sea level rise from Greenland’s main outlet glaciers in a warming climate. Nature, 497(7448), 235–238, doi:10.1038/nature12068.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r445">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r446">Edwards, T. et al., 2014: Effect of uncertainty in surface mass balance-elevation feedback on projections of the future sea level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet. The Cryosphere, 8(1), 195.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r447">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r448">Fretwell, P. et al., 2013: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7(1), 375–393.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r449">Weertman, J., 1974: Stability of the junction of an ice sheet and an ice shelf. J. Glaciol., 13(67), 3–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r450">Schoof, C., 2007b: Marine ice sheet dynamics. Part 1. the case of rapid sliding. J. Fluid Mech., 573, 27–55, doi:10.1017/S0022112006003570.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r451">Pollard, D., R.M. DeConto and R.B. Alley, 2015: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 412, 112–121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r452">Mouginot, J., E. Rignot and B. Scheuchl, 2014: Sustained increase in ice discharge from the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, from 1973 to 2013. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(5), 1576–1584.MTA, 2017: MTA Announces Superstorm Sandy Recovery and Resiliency Progress 5 Years After Storm. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, NY, New York, USA. Available at: http://www.mta.info/news-mta-new-york-city-transit-bridges-tunnels/2017/10/30/mta-announces-superstorm-sandy-recovery .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r453">Rignot, E. et al., 2014: Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(10), 3502–3509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r454">Scheuchl, B. et al., 2016: Grounding line retreat of Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, measured with Sentinel‐1a radar interferometry data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(16), 8572–8579.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r455">Shen, Q. et al., 2018: Recent high-resolution Antarctic ice velocity maps reveal increased mass loss in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. Sci. Rep., 8(1), 4477, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22765-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r456">Paolo, F.S., H.A. Fricker and L. Padman, 2015: Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating. Science, 348(6232), 327–331.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r457">Khazendar, A. et al., 2016: Rapid submarine ice melting in the grounding zones of ice shelves in West Antarctica. Nat. Commun., 7, 13243.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r458">Li, X., E. Rignot, J. Mouginot and B. Scheuchl, 2016: Ice flow dynamics and mass loss of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, from 1989 to 2015. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(12), 6366–6373.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r459">Shen, Q. et al., 2018: Recent high-resolution Antarctic ice velocity maps reveal increased mass loss in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. Sci. Rep., 8(1), 4477, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22765-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r460">Rignot, E. et al., 2014: Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(10), 3502–3509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r461">Holt, J.W. et al., 2006: New boundary conditions for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Subglacial topography of the Thwaites and Smith glacier catchments. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(9).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r462">Millan, R. et al., 2017: Bathymetry of the Amundsen Sea Embayment sector of West Antarctica from Operation IceBridge gravity and other data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(3), 1360–1368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r463">Feldmann, J. and A. Levermann, 2015: Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet after local destabilization of the Amundsen Basin. PNAS, 112(46), 14191–14196.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r464">Fretwell, P. et al., 2013: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7(1), 375–393.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r465">Cornford, S.L. et al., 2015: Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate. The Cryosphere, 9(4), 1579–1600, doi:10.5194/tc-9-1579-2015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r466">Joughin, I., B.E. Smith and B. Medley, 2014: Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the thwaites glacier basin, West Antarctica. Science, 344(6185), 735–738, doi:10.1126/science.1249055.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r467">Figueiredo, R. and M. Martina, 2016: Using open building data in the development of exposure data sets for catastrophe risk modelling. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(2), 417.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r468">Schlegel, N.J. et al., 2018: Exploration of Antarctic Ice Sheet 100-year contribution to sea level rise and associated model uncertainties using the ISSM framework. The Cryosphere, 12(11), 3511–3534, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3511-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r469">Arthern, R. J. and C. R. Williams, 2017: The sensitivity of West Antarctica to the submarine melting feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2352–2359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r470">Cornford, S.L. et al., 2015: Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate. The Cryosphere, 9(4), 1579–1600, doi:10.5194/tc-9-1579-2015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r471">Dutrieux, P. et al., 2014: Strong sensitivity of Pine Island ice shelf melting to climatic variability. Science, 343, 174–178.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r472">Dutrieux, P. et al., 2014: Strong sensitivity of Pine Island ice shelf melting to climatic variability. Science, 343, 174–178.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r473">Joughin, I., B.E. Smith and B. Medley, 2014: Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the thwaites glacier basin, West Antarctica. Science, 344(6185), 735–738, doi:10.1126/science.1249055.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r474">Seroussi, H. et al., 2017: Continued retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, controlled by bed topography and ocean circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(12), 6191-6199.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r475">Barletta, V.R. et al., 2018: Observed rapid bedrock uplift in Amundsen Sea Embayment promotes ice sheet stability. Science, 360(6395), 1335–1339, doi:10.1126/science.aao1447.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r476">Adhikari, S. et al., 2014: Future Antarctic bed topography and its implications for ice sheet dynamics. Solid Earth, 5, 569–584, doi:10.5194/se-5-569-2014.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r477">Gomez, N., D. Pollard and D. Holland, 2015: Sea level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice sheet mass loss. Nat. Commun., 6, 8798.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r478">Gomez, N., D. Pollard and D. Holland, 2015: Sea level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice sheet mass loss. Nat. Commun., 6, 8798.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r479">Konrad, H., I. Sasgen, D. Pollard and V. Klemann, 2015: Potential of the solid-Earth response for limiting long-term West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in a warming climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 432, 254–264.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r480">Pollard, D., N. Gomez and R.M. Deconto, 2017: Variations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in a Coupled Ice Sheet‐Earth‐Sea Level Model: Sensitivity to Viscoelastic Earth Properties. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 122(11), 2124–2138.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r481">Hay, C.C. et al., 2017: Sea Level Fingerprints in a Region of Complex Earth Structure: The Case of WAIS. Journal of Climate, 30(6), 1881–1892.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r482">Rignot, E. et al., 2014: Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(10), 3502–3509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r483">Joughin, I., B.E. Smith and B. Medley, 2014: Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the thwaites glacier basin, West Antarctica. Science, 344(6185), 735–738, doi:10.1126/science.1249055.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r484">Mouginot, J., E. Rignot and B. Scheuchl, 2014: Sustained increase in ice discharge from the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, from 1973 to 2013. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(5), 1576–1584.MTA, 2017: MTA Announces Superstorm Sandy Recovery and Resiliency Progress 5 Years After Storm. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, NY, New York, USA. Available at: http://www.mta.info/news-mta-new-york-city-transit-bridges-tunnels/2017/10/30/mta-announces-superstorm-sandy-recovery .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r485">Milillo, P. et al., 2019: Heterogeneous retreat and ice melt of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica. Sci. Adv., 5(1), doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau3433.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r486">Smith, L.C. et al., 2017: Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface. PNAS, 114(50), E10622–E10631, doi:10.1073/pnas.1707743114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r487">Nicolas, J.P. et al., 2017: January 2016 extensive summer melt in West Antarctica favoured by strong El Niño. Nat. Commun., 8, ncomms15799.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r488">Trusel, L.D. et al., 2015: Divergent trajectories of Antarctic surface melt under two twenty-first-century climate scenarios. Nat. Geosci., 8, 927, doi:10.1038/ngeo2563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r489">Kuipers Munneke, P. et al., 2012: Insignificant change in Antarctic snowmelt volume since 1979. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(1), 1-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r490">Banwell, A.F., D.R. MacAyeal and O.V. Sergienko, 2013: Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(22), 5872–5876, doi:10.1002/2013GL057694.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r491">Kuipers Munneke, P., S.R.M. Ligtenberg, M.R. Van Den Broeke and D.G. Vaughan, 2014: Firn air depletion as a precursor of Antarctic ice shelf collapse. J. Glaciol., 60(220), 205–214, doi:10.3189/2014JoG13J183.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r492">Bell, R.E. et al., 2017b: Antarctic ice shelf potentially stabilized by export of meltwater in surface river. Nature, 544 (7650), 344–348.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r493">Kingslake, J., J.C. Ely, I. Das and R.E. Bell, 2017: Widespread movement of meltwater onto and across Antarctic ice shelves. Nature, 544(7650), 349–352.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r494">Scambos, T.A., J. Bohlander, C.U. Shuman and P. Skvarca, 2004: Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(18).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r495">Banwell, A.F., D.R. MacAyeal and O.V. Sergienko, 2013: Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(22), 5872–5876, doi:10.1002/2013GL057694.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r496">Trusel, L.D. et al., 2015: Divergent trajectories of Antarctic surface melt under two twenty-first-century climate scenarios. Nat. Geosci., 8, 927, doi:10.1038/ngeo2563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r497">Schoof, C., 2007b: Marine ice sheet dynamics. Part 1. the case of rapid sliding. J. Fluid Mech., 573, 27–55, doi:10.1017/S0022112006003570.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r498">Briggs, R., D. Pollard and L. Tarasov, 2013: A glacial systems model configured for large ensemble analysis of Antarctic deglaciation. The Cryosphere, 7(6), 1949–1970.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r499">Pattyn, F. et al., 2013: Grounding-line migration in plan-view marine ice sheet models: results of the ice2sea MISMIP3d intercomparison. J. Glaciol., 59(215), 410–422.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r500">Reese, R., R. Winkelmann and G.H. Gudmundsson, 2018c: Grounding-line flux formula applied as a flux condition in numerical simulations fails for buttressed Antarctic ice streams. The Cryosphere, 12(10), 3229–3242, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3229-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r501">Brondex, J., O. Gagliardini, F. Gillet-Chaulet and G. Durand, 2017: Sensitivity of grounding line dynamics to the choice of the friction law. J. Glaciol., 63(241), 854–866, doi:10.1017/jog.2017.51.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r502">Pattyn, F., 2017: Sea level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f. ETISh v1. 0). The Cryosphere, 11(4), 1851–1878.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r503">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r504">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r505">Schlegel, N.J. et al., 2018: Exploration of Antarctic Ice Sheet 100-year contribution to sea level rise and associated model uncertainties using the ISSM framework. The Cryosphere, 12(11), 3511–3534, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3511-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r506">Donat-Magnin, M. et al., 2017: Ice shelf Melt Response to Changing Winds and Glacier Dynamics in the Amundsen Sea Sector, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 122(12), 10206–10224, doi:10.1002/2017JC013059.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r507">Hellmer, H.H., F. Kauker, R. Timmermann and T. Hattermann, 2017: The Fate of the Southern Weddell Sea Continental Shelf in a Warming Climate. J. Clim., 30(12), 4337–4350, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0420.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r508">Seroussi, H. et al., 2017: Continued retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, controlled by bed topography and ocean circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(12), 6191-6199.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r509">Lazeroms, W.M., A. Jenkins, G.H. Gudmundsson and R.S. van de Wal, 2018: Modelling present-day basal melt rates for Antarctic ice shelves using a parametrization of buoyant meltwater plumes. The Cryosphere, 12(1), 49.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r510">Reese, R. et al., 2018a: Antarctic sub-shelf melt rates via PICO. The Cryosphere, 12(6), 1969–1985, doi:10.5194/tc-12-1969-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r511">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r512">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r513">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r514">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r515">Winkelmann, R. et al., 2011: The Potsdam parallel ice sheet model (PISM-PIK)-Part 1: Model description. The Cryosphere, 5(3), 715.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r516">Feldmann, J. and A. Levermann, 2015: Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet after local destabilization of the Amundsen Basin. PNAS, 112(46), 14191–14196.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r517">Arthern, R. J. and C. R. Williams, 2017: The sensitivity of West Antarctica to the submarine melting feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2352–2359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r518">Seroussi, H. and M. Morlighem, 2018: Representation of basal melting at the grounding line in ice flow models. The Cryosphere, 12(10), 3085–3096, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3085-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r519">Yu, H., E. Rignot, H. Seroussi and M. Morlighem, 2018: Retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, over the next 100 years using various ice flow models, ice shelf melt scenarios and basal friction laws. The Cryosphere Discussions, 12(12), 3861-3876, doi:10.5194/tc-2018-104.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r520">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r521">Bronselaer, B. et al., 2018: Change in future climate due to Antarctic meltwater. Nature, 564(7734), 53–58, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0712-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r522">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r523">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r524">Pattyn, F., 2017: Sea level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f. ETISh v1. 0). The Cryosphere, 11(4), 1851–1878.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r525">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r526">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r527">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r528">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r529">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r530">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r531">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r532">Bassis, J. and C. Walker, 2012: Upper and lower limits on the stability of calving glaciers from the yield strength envelope of ice. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond, A., 468(2140), 913–931.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r533">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r534">Scambos, T.A. et al., 2009: Ice shelf disintegration by plate bending and hydro-fracture: Satellite observations and model results of the 2008 Wilkins ice shelf break-ups. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 280(1–4), 51–60.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r535">Banwell, A.F., D.R. MacAyeal and O.V. Sergienko, 2013: Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(22), 5872–5876, doi:10.1002/2013GL057694.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r536">Ma, Y., C.S. Tripathy and J.N. Bassis, 2017: Bounds on the calving cliff height of marine terminating glaciers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(3), 1369–1375.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r537">Wise, M.G., J.A. Dowdeswell, M. Jakobsson and R.D. Larter, 2017: Evidence of marine ice-cliff instability in Pine Island Bay from iceberg-keel plough marks. Nature, 550(7677), 506–510, doi:10.1038/nature24458.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r538">Parizek, B.R. et al., 2019: Ice-cliff failure via retrogressive slumping. Geology, 47(5), 1–4, doi:10 .1130 /G45880.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r539">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r540">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2017: Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea level Projections. Earth’s Future, 5(12), 1217–1233, doi:10.1002/2017ef000663.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r541">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r542">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r543">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r544">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r545">Trusel, L.D. et al., 2015: Divergent trajectories of Antarctic surface melt under two twenty-first-century climate scenarios. Nat. Geosci., 8, 927, doi:10.1038/ngeo2563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r546">Bamber, J.L. et al., 2019: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS, 116(23), 11195–11200.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r547">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r548">Slangen, A. et al., 2014a: Projecting twenty-first century regional sea level changes. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 317–332, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r549">Grinsted, A., S. Jevrejeva, R.E.M. Riva and D. Dahl-Jensen, 2015: Sea level rise projections for Northern Europe under RCP8.5. Clim. Res., 64(1), 15–23, doi:10.3354/cr01309.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r550">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r551">Schlegel, N.J. et al., 2018: Exploration of Antarctic Ice Sheet 100-year contribution to sea level rise and associated model uncertainties using the ISSM framework. The Cryosphere, 12(11), 3511–3534, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3511-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r552">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r553">Trusel, L.D. et al., 2015: Divergent trajectories of Antarctic surface melt under two twenty-first-century climate scenarios. Nat. Geosci., 8, 927, doi:10.1038/ngeo2563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r554">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r555">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r556">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r557">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r558">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r559">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r560">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r561">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r562">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r563">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r564">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r565">Seroussi, H. and M. Morlighem, 2018: Representation of basal melting at the grounding line in ice flow models. The Cryosphere, 12(10), 3085–3096, doi:10.5194/tc-12-3085-2018.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r566">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r567">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r568">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r569">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r570">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r571">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r572">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r573">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r574">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r575">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r576">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r577">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r578">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r579">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r580">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r581">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r582">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r583">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r584">Bamber, J.L., R.E. Riva, B.L.A. Vermeersen and A.M. LeBrocq, 2009: Reassessment of the potential sea level rise from a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science, 324(5929), 901–903, doi:10.1126/science.1169335.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r585">Bamber, J.L., R.M. Westaway, B. Marzeion and B. Wouters, 2018: The land ice contribution to sea level during the satellite era. Environ. Res. Lett. 13(6), 1–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r586">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r587">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r588">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r589">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r590">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r591">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r592">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r593">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2019: Global environmental consequences of twenty-first-century ice sheet melt. Nature, 566(7742), 65–72, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0889-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r594">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r595">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r596">Pollard, D. and R. DeConto, 2012: Description of a hybrid ice sheet-shelf model, and application to Antarctica. Geosci. Model Dev., 5(5), 1273.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r597">Schodlok, M.P., D. Menemenlis and E.J. Rignot, 2016: Ice shelf basal melt rates around Antarctica from simulations and observations. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 121(2), 1085–1109, doi:10.1002/2015JC011117.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r598">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r599">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r600">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r601">Garner, A.J. et al., 2017: Impact of climate change on NYC’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE. PNAS, 114(45), 11861–11866.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r602">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r603">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r604">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r605">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r606">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r607">Bamber, J. and W. Aspinall, 2013: An expert judgement assessment of future sea level rise from the ice sheets. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(4), 424–427.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r608">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r609">Slangen, A. et al., 2014a: Projecting twenty-first century regional sea level changes. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 317–332, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r610">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r611">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r612">Nauels, A. et al., 2017b: Linking sea level rise and socioeconomic indicators under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(11), 114002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r613">Wong, T.E., A.M. Bakker and K. Keller, 2017: Impacts of Antarctic fast dynamics on sea level projections and coastal flood defense. Clim. Change, 144(2), 347–364.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r614">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r615">Slangen, A. and R. Van de Wal, 2011: An assessment of uncertainties in using volume-area modelling for computing the twenty-first century glacier contribution to sea level change. The Cryosphere, 5(3), 673.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r616">Marzeion, B., A. Jarosch and M. Hofer, 2012: Past and future sea level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers. The Cryosphere, 6(6), 1295.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r617">Hirabayashi, Y. et al., 2013: Projection of glacier mass changes under a high-emission climate scenario using the global glacier model HYOGA2. Hydrol. Res. Lett., 7(1), 6–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r618">Radić, V. et al., 2014: Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models. Clim. Dyn., 42(1–2), 37–58.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r619">Huss, M. and R. Hock, 2015: A new model for global glacier change and sea level rise. Front. Earth Sci., 3, 54.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r620">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r621">Bakker, A.M., T.E. Wong, K.L. Ruckert and K. Keller, 2017: Sea level projections representing the deeply uncertain contribution of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 3880, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04134-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r622">Nauels, A. et al., 2017a: Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections–the MAGICC sea level model v2. 0. Geosci. Model Dev., 10(6), 2495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r623">Wada, Y. et al., 2016: Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 777–780, doi:10.1038/nclimate3001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r624">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2014: Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2(8), 383–406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r625">Meehl, G.A. et al., 2007: Global climate projections. In: Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [Solomon S., Q.D. Manning, M.Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r626">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r627">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r628">Little, C.M., N.M. Urban and M. Oppenheimer, 2013: Probabilistic framework for assessing the ice sheet contribution to sea level change. PNAS, 110(9), 3264–3269.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r629">Cooke, R., 1991: Experts in uncertainty: opinion and subjective probability in science. Oxford University Press on Demand, New York, NY, USA, 319 pp., ISBN 0-19-506465-8.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r630">Bamber, J. and W. Aspinall, 2013: An expert judgement assessment of future sea level rise from the ice sheets. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(4), 424–427.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r631">Bamber, J.L. et al., 2019: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgment. PNAS, 116(23), 11195–11200.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r632">Bamber, J., W. Aspinall and R. Cooke, 2016: A commentary on “how to interpret expert judgment assessments of twenty-first century sea level rise” by Hylke de Vries and Roderik SW van de Wal. Clim. Change, 137(3–4), 321–328.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r633">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2017: Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea level Projections. Earth’s Future, 5(12), 1217–1233, doi:10.1002/2017ef000663.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r634">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r635">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r636">Carson, M. et al., 2016: Coastal sea level changes, observed and projected during the 20th and 21st century. Clim. Change, 134 (1-2), 269-281.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r637">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r638">Beck, M.W. and G.M. Lange, 2016: Managing Coasts with Natural Solutions: Guidelines for Measuring and Valuing the Coastal Protection Services of Mangroves and Coral Reefs, The World Bank, Washington, DC, 166 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r639">Gregory, J. et al., 2019: Concepts and terminology for sea level—mean, variability and change, both local and global. Surveys of Geophysics, 39 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r640">Slangen, A. et al., 2014a: Projecting twenty-first century regional sea level changes. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 317–332, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r641">Hay, C.C. et al., 2017: Sea Level Fingerprints in a Region of Complex Earth Structure: The Case of WAIS. Journal of Climate, 30(6), 1881–1892.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r642">Hay, C.C. et al., 2017: Sea Level Fingerprints in a Region of Complex Earth Structure: The Case of WAIS. Journal of Climate, 30(6), 1881–1892.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r643">Slangen, A. et al., 2014a: Projecting twenty-first century regional sea level changes. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 317–332, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1080-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r644">Rahmstorf, S., 2007: A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea level rise. Science, 315(5810), 368–370.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r645">Vermeer, M. and S. Rahmstorf, 2009: Global sea level linked to global temperature. PNAS, 106(51), 21527–21532.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r646">Grinsted, A., J.C. Moore and S. Jevrejeva, 2010: Reconstructing sea level from palaeo and projected temperatures 200 to 2100 AD. Clim. Dyn., 34(4), 461–472.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r647">Kemp, A.C. et al., 2011: Climate related sea level variations over the past two millennia. PNAS, 108(27), 11017–11022.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r648">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2016: Temperature-driven global sea level variability in the Common Era. PNAS, 113(11), E1434–E1441.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r649">Radić, V. and R. Hock, 2010: Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 115(F1), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r650">Grinsted, A., S. Jevrejeva, R.E.M. Riva and D. Dahl-Jensen, 2015: Sea level rise projections for Northern Europe under RCP8.5. Clim. Res., 64(1), 15–23, doi:10.3354/cr01309.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r651">Wada, Y. et al., 2012: Past and future contribution of global groundwater depletion to sea‐level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), 1-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r652">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r653">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r654">Hill, E.M., J.L. Davis, M.E. Tamisiea and M. Lidberg, 2010: Combination of geodetic observations and models for glacial isostatic adjustment fields in Fennoscandia. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 115(B07403), 1–12.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r655">Radić, V. and R. Hock, 2010: Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 115(F1), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r656">Wada, Y. et al., 2012: Past and future contribution of global groundwater depletion to sea‐level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), 1-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r657">Katsman, C.A. et al., 2011: Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to develop flood protection strategies for a low-lying delta—the Netherlands as an example. Clim. Change, 109(3–4), 617–645.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r658">Chambers, D. P. et al., 2017: Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 309–327.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r659">Konikow, L F., 2011: Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea‐level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(17), 1-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r660">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r661">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r662">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2013: A probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the last interglacial stage. Geophys. J. Int., 193(2), 711–716.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r663">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2017: Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea level Projections. Earth’s Future, 5(12), 1217–1233, doi:10.1002/2017ef000663.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r664">Chambers, D. P. et al., 2017: Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 309–327.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r665">Konikow, L F., 2011: Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea‐level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(17), 1-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r666">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r667">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2013: A probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the last interglacial stage. Geophys. J. Int., 193(2), 711–716.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r668">Giesen, R.H. and J. Oerlemans, 2013: Climate-model induced differences in the 21st century global and regional glacier contributions to sea level rise. Clim. Dyn., 41(11–12), 3283–3300.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r669">Marzeion, B., A. Jarosch and M. Hofer, 2012: Past and future sea level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers. The Cryosphere, 6(6), 1295.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r670">Radić, V. et al., 2014: Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models. Clim. Dyn., 42(1–2), 37–58.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r671">Slangen, A. and R. Van de Wal, 2011: An assessment of uncertainties in using volume-area modelling for computing the twenty-first century glacier contribution to sea level change. The Cryosphere, 5(3), 673.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r672">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r673">Fettweis, X. et al., 2013: Estimating the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance contribution to future sea level rise using the regional atmospheric climate model MAR. The Cryosphere, 7, 469–489.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r674">Fettweis, X. et al., 2013: Estimating the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance contribution to future sea level rise using the regional atmospheric climate model MAR. The Cryosphere, 7, 469–489.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r675">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r676">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r677">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r678">Peltier, W., D. Argus and R. Drummond, 2015: Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE‐6G_C (VM5a) model. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 120(1), 450–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r679">Radić, V. and R. Hock, 2010: Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 115(F1), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r680">Wada, Y. et al., 2012: Past and future contribution of global groundwater depletion to sea‐level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), 1-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r681">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r682">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2016: Temperature-driven global sea level variability in the Common Era. PNAS, 113(11), E1434–E1441.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r683">Mengel, M. et al., 2016: Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment. PNAS, 113(10), 2597–2602, doi:10.1073/pnas.1500515113.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r684">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r685">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r686">Mengel, M., A. Nauels, J. Rogelj and C.-F. Schleussner, 2018: Committed sea level rise under the Paris Agreement and the legacy of delayed mitigation action. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 601.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r687">Bakker, A.M., T.E. Wong, K.L. Ruckert and K. Keller, 2017: Sea level projections representing the deeply uncertain contribution of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 3880, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04134-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r688">Nauels, A. et al., 2017a: Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections–the MAGICC sea level model v2. 0. Geosci. Model Dev., 10(6), 2495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r689">Wong, T.E., A.M. Bakker and K. Keller, 2017: Impacts of Antarctic fast dynamics on sea level projections and coastal flood defense. Clim. Change, 144(2), 347–364.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r690">Edwards, T.L. et al., 2019: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability. Nature, 566(7742), 58–64, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r691">Bakker, A.M., T.E. Wong, K.L. Ruckert and K. Keller, 2017: Sea level projections representing the deeply uncertain contribution of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 3880, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04134-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r692">Horton, B.P. et al., 2018: Mapping sea level change in time, space, and probability. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 481–521.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r693">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r694">Kopp, R.E. et al., 2017: Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea level Projections. Earth’s Future, 5(12), 1217–1233, doi:10.1002/2017ef000663.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r695">Jackson, L.P. and S. Jevrejeva, 2016: A probabilistic approach to 21st century regional sea level projections using RCP and high-end scenarios. Global Planet. Change, 146, 179–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r696">Nauels, A. et al., 2017a: Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections–the MAGICC sea level model v2. 0. Geosci. Model Dev., 10(6), 2495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r697">Schaeffer, M., W. Hare, S. Rahmstorf and M. Vermeer, 2012: Long-term sea level rise implied by 1.5 C and 2°C warming levels. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(12), 867–870.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r698">Mengel, M. et al., 2016: Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment. PNAS, 113(10), 2597–2602, doi:10.1073/pnas.1500515113.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r699">Muis, S. et al., 2016: A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels. Nat. Commun., 7, doi:10.1038/ncomms11969.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r700">Hinkel, J. et al., 2014: Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea level rise. PNAS, 111(9), 3292–3297.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r701">Garner, A.J. et al., 2017: Impact of climate change on NYC’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE. PNAS, 114(45), 11861–11866.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r702">Arns, A. et al., 2013: Estimating extreme water level probabilities: A comparison of the direct methods and recommendations for best practise. Coast. Eng. J., 81, 51-66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r703">Kernkamp, H.W.J., A. Van Dam, G.S. Stelling and E.D. De Goede, 2011: Efficient scheme for the shallow water equations on unstructured grids with application to the Continental Shelf. Ocean Dynam., 61(8), 1175–1188, doi:10.1007/s10236-011-0423-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r704">Muis, S. et al., 2016: A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels. Nat. Commun., 7, doi:10.1038/ncomms11969.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r705">Buchanan, M.K., M. Oppenheimer and R.E. Kopp, 2017: Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(6), 064009.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r706">Buchanan, M.K., M. Oppenheimer and R.E. Kopp, 2017: Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(6), 064009.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r707">Buchanan, M.K., R.E. Kopp, M. Oppenheimer and C. Tebaldi, 2016: Allowances for evolving coastal flood risk under uncertain local sea level rise. Clim. Change, 137(3–4), 347–362.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r708">Hunter, J., 2012: A simple technique for estimating an allowance for uncertain sea level rise. Clim. Change, 113(2), 239–252, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0332-1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r709">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r710">Buchanan, M.K., M. Oppenheimer and R.E. Kopp, 2017: Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(6), 064009.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r711">Muis, S. et al., 2016: A global reanalysis of storm surges and extreme sea levels. Nat. Commun., 7, doi:10.1038/ncomms11969.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r712">Woodroffe, C.D. et al., 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 243–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r713">Stephens, S.A., R.G. Bell and J. Lawrence, 2018: Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea level rise. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(10), 104004.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r714">Arns, A. et al., 2013: Estimating extreme water level probabilities: A comparison of the direct methods and recommendations for best practise. Coast. Eng. J., 81, 51-66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r715">Wahl, T. et al., 2017: Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis. Nat. Commun., 8, 1-12, doi:10.1038/ncomms16075.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r716">Wahl, T. et al., 2017: Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis. Nat. Commun., 8, 1-12, doi:10.1038/ncomms16075.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r717">Hunter, J., 2010: Estimating sea level extremes under conditions of uncertain sea level rise. Clim. Change, 99(3–4), 331–350.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r718">Hunter, J., 2012: A simple technique for estimating an allowance for uncertain sea level rise. Clim. Change, 113(2), 239–252, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0332-1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r719">Vitousek, S. et al., 2017: Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea level rise. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1399.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r720">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018a: Understanding epistemic uncertainty in large-scale coastal flood risk assessment for present and future climates. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18(8), 2127–2142.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r721">Haigh, I.D. et al., 2014a: Estimating present day extreme water level exceedance probabilities around the coastline of Australia: tropical cyclone-induced storm surges. Clim. Dyn., 42(1–2), 139–157.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r722">Hemer, M.A. et al., 2013: Projected changes in wave climate from a multi-model ensemble. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(5), 471.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r723">Day, J.J. and K.I. Hodges, 2018: Growing land‐sea temperature contrast and the intensification of Arctic cyclones. Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(8), 3673–3681.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r724">Hoeke, R.K. et al., 2013: Widespread inundation of Pacific islands triggered by distant-source wind-waves. Global Planet. Change, 108, 128–138.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r725">Albert, S. et al., 2016: Interactions between sea level rise and wave exposure on reef island dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(5), 054011.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r726">Barnard, P.L. et al., 2014: Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy, active-margin coasts. Nat. Hazards, 74(2), 1095–1125.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r727">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018c: Global probabilistic projections of extreme sea levels show intensification of coastal flood hazard. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 2360.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r728">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2017: Extreme sea levels on the rise along Europe’s coasts. Earth’s Future, 5(3), 304–323.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r729">Vitousek, S. et al., 2017: Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea level rise. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1399.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r730">Melet, A., B. Meyssignac, R. Almar and G. Le Cozannet, 2018: Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r731">Camargo, S.J., 2013: Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models. J. Clim., 26(24), 9880–9902, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00549.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r732">Knutson, T.R. et al., 2015: Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios. J. Clim., 28(18), 7203–7224, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r733">Yamada, Y. et al., 2017: Response of Tropical Cyclone Activity and Structure to Global Warming in a High-Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model. J. Clim., 30(23), 9703–9724, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0068.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r734">Camargo, S.J., 2013: Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models. J. Clim., 26(24), 9880–9902, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00549.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r735">Yamada, Y. et al., 2017: Response of Tropical Cyclone Activity and Structure to Global Warming in a High-Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model. J. Clim., 30(23), 9703–9724, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0068.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r736">Knutson, T.R. et al., 2015: Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios. J. Clim., 28(18), 7203–7224, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r737">Yamada, Y. et al., 2017: Response of Tropical Cyclone Activity and Structure to Global Warming in a High-Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model. J. Clim., 30(23), 9703–9724, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0068.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r738">Ellingwood, B.R. and J.Y. Lee, 2016: Managing risks to civil infrastructure due to Nat. Hazards: communicating long-term risks due to climate change. In: Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards. Gardoni P., Murphy C., Rowell A. (eds.) Springer, pp. 97–112, ISBN: 987-3-319-22126-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r739">Emanuel, K., R. Sundararajan and J. Williams, 2008: Hurricanes and global warming: Results from downscaling IPCC AR4 simulations. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(3), 347–367, doi:10.1175/bams-89-3-347.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r740">Emanuel, K., R. Sundararajan and J. Williams, 2008: Hurricanes and global warming: Results from downscaling IPCC AR4 simulations. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(3), 347–367, doi:10.1175/bams-89-3-347.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r741">Holland, P.R., A. Jenkins and D.M. Holland, 2008: The response of ice shelf basal melting to variations in ocean temperature. J. Clim., 21(11), 2558–2572.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r742">Knutson, T.R. et al., 2015: Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 scenarios. J. Clim., 28(18), 7203–7224, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r743">Kanada, S. et al., 2017: A Multimodel Intercomparison of an Intense Typhoon in Future, Warmer Climates by Four 5-km-Mesh Models. J. Clim., 30(15), 6017–6036.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r744">Nakamura, J. et al., 2017: Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Model Tracks in Present and Future Climates. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 122(18), 9721–9744, doi:10.1002/2017JD027007.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r745">Scoccimarro, E. et al., 2017: Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Changes in a Warmer Climate. In: Hurricanes and Climate Change [Collins, J.M. and K. Walsh (eds.)]. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 3, 243–255.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r746">Zheng, L. et al., 2017: Impact of salinity and Pb on enzyme activities of a saline soil from the Yellow River delta: A microcosm study. Phys. Chem. Earth, 97, 77–87.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r747">Kossin, J.P., K.A. Emanuel and G.A. Vecchi, 2014: The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity. Nature, 509(7500), 349–352, doi:10.1038/nature13278.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r748">Moon, I.-J., S.-H. Kim, P. Klotzbach and J.C.L. Chan, 2015: Roles of interbasin frequency changes in the poleward shifts of the maximum intensity location of tropical cyclones. Environ. Res. Lett., 10(10), 1–9, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/104004.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r749">Cai, R., H. Tan and Q. Qi, 2016: Impacts of and adaptation to inter-decadal marine climate change in coastal China seas. Int. J. Climatol., 36(11), 3770–3780, doi:10.1002/joc.4591.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r750">Mei, W. and S.-P. Xie, 2016: Intensification of landfalling typhoons over the northwest Pacific since the late 1970s. Nat. Geosci., 9(10), 753–757, doi:10.1038/ngeo2792.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r751">Cai, R., H. Tan and H. Kontoyiannis, 2017: Robust Surface Warming in Offshore China Seas and Its Relationship to the East Asian Monsoon Wind Field and Ocean Forcing on Interdecadal Time Scales. J. Clim., 30(22), 8987–9005.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r752">Kossin, J.P., 2017: Hurricane intensification along United States coast suppressed during active hurricane periods. Nature, 541(7637), 390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r753">Scoccimarro, E. et al., 2017: Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Changes in a Warmer Climate. In: Hurricanes and Climate Change [Collins, J.M. and K. Walsh (eds.)]. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 3, 243–255.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r754">Kossin, J.P., 2018: A global slowdown of tropical–cyclone translation speed. Nature, 558(7708), 104.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r755">Emanuel, K., 2013: Downscaling CMIP5 climate models shows increased tropical cyclone activity over the 21st century. PNAS, 110(30), 12219–12224, doi:10.1073/pnas.1301293110.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r756">Bhatia, K. et al., 2018: Projected response of tropical cyclone intensity and intensification in a global climate model. J. Clim., 31(20), 8281–8303.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r757">Emanuel, K., 2005: Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature, 436, 686, doi:10.1038/nature03906.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r758">Mann, M.E. and K.A. Emanuel, 2006: Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change. Eos, 87(24), 233–241, doi:10.1029/2006EO240001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r759">Trenberth, K.E. and J. Fasullo, 2007: Water and energy budgets of hurricanes and implications for climate change. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 112(D23), 1–10, doi:10.1029/2006JD008304.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r760">Trenberth, K. E. and J. Fasullo, 2008: Energy budgets of Atlantic hurricanes and changes from 1970. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9(9), 1–12, doi:10.1029/2007GC001847.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r761">Villarini, G. and G.A. Vecchi, 2011: North Atlantic Power Dissipation Index (PDI) and Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE): Statistical Modeling and Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature Changes. J. Clim., 25(2), 625–637, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00146.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r762">Trenberth, K.E. et al., 2018: Hurricane Harvey links to Ocean Heat Content and Climate Change Adaptation. Earth’s Future, 6(5), 730-744.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r763">Shay, L.K. et al., 1992: Upper ocean response to Hurricane Gilbert. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 97(C12), 20227–20248, doi:10.1029/92JC01586.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r764">Lin, I.I. et al., 2009: Warm ocean anomaly, air sea fluxes, and the rapid intensification of tropical cyclone Nargis (2008). Geophys. Res. Lett., 36(3), 1-5, doi:10.1029/2008GL035815.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r765">Emanuel, K., 2015: Effect of Upper-Ocean Evolution on Projected Trends in Tropical Cyclone Activity. J. Clim., 28(20), 8165–8170, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0401.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r766">Huang, P., I.I. Lin, C. Chou and R.-H. Huang, 2015: Change in ocean subsurface environment to suppress tropical cyclone intensification under global warming. Nat. Commun., 6, 7188, doi:10.1038/ncomms8188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r767">Tuleya, R.E. et al., 2016: Impact of Upper-Tropospheric Temperature Anomalies and Vertical Wind Shear on Tropical Cyclone Evolution Using an Idealized Version of the Operational GFDL Hurricane Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 73(10), 3803–3820, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-16-0045.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r768">Balaguru, K., G.R. Foltz, L.R. Leung and K.A. Emanuel, 2016: Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons. Nat. Commun., 7, 13670, doi:10.1038/ncomms13670.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r769">Colle, B.A. et al., 2013: Historical evaluation and future prediction of eastern North American and western Atlantic extratropical cyclones in the CMIP5 models during the cool season. J. Clim., 26(18), 6882–6903.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r770">Zappa, G., L.C. Shaffrey and K.I. Hodges, 2013: The ability of CMIP5 models to simulate North Atlantic extratropical cyclones. J. Clim., 26(15), 5379–5396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r771">Chen, X. et al., 2017: The increasing rate of global mean sea level rise during 1993-2014. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(7), 492–495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r772">Michaelis, A.C., J. Willison, G.M. Lackmann and W.A. Robinson, 2017: Changes in winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in high-resolution regional pseudo-global warming simulations. J. Clim., 30(17), 6905–6925, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0697.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r773">Zappa, G., L.C. Shaffrey and K.I. Hodges, 2013: The ability of CMIP5 models to simulate North Atlantic extratropical cyclones. J. Clim., 26(15), 5379–5396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r774">Michaelis, A.C., J. Willison, G.M. Lackmann and W.A. Robinson, 2017: Changes in winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in high-resolution regional pseudo-global warming simulations. J. Clim., 30(17), 6905–6925, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0697.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r775">Chang, E.K.M., 2014: Impacts of background field removal on CMIP5 projected changes in Pacific winter cyclone activity. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 119(8), 4626–4639.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r776">Cheng, L. et al., 2016: Observed and simulated full-depth ocean heat-content changes for 1970–2005. Ocean Sci, 12, 925–935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r777">Christensen, J.H. et al., 2013: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)], Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r778">Ranson, M. et al., 2014: Tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change. Clim. Change, 127(2), 227f241, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1255-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r779">Peduzzi, P. et al., 2012: Global trends in tropical cyclone risk. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(4), 289–294, doi:10.1038/nclimate1410.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r780">Blöschl, G. et al., 2017: Changing climate shifts timing of European floods. Science, 357(6351), 588–590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r781">Emanuel, K., 2017a: Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey’s rainfall. PNAS, 114(48), 12681–12684.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r782">Michaelis, A.C., J. Willison, G.M. Lackmann and W.A. Robinson, 2017: Changes in winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in high-resolution regional pseudo-global warming simulations. J. Clim., 30(17), 6905–6925, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0697.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r783">Hallegatte, S., C. Green, R.J. Nicholls and J. Corfee-Morlot, 2013: Future flood losses in major coastal cities. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(9), 802.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r784">Feng, X. and M.N. Tsimplis, 2014: Sea level extremes at the coasts of China. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 119(3), 1593–1608, doi:10.1002/2013JC009607.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r785">Tebaldi, C., B.H. Strauss and C.E. Zervas, 2012: Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts. Environ. Res. Lett., 7(1), 014032.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r786">Lin, N. and K. Emanuel, 2015: Grey swan tropical cyclones. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(1), 106–111, doi:10.1038/nclimate2777.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r787">Ellingwood, B.R. and J.Y. Lee, 2016: Managing risks to civil infrastructure due to Nat. Hazards: communicating long-term risks due to climate change. In: Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards. Gardoni P., Murphy C., Rowell A. (eds.) Springer, pp. 97–112, ISBN: 987-3-319-22126-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r788">Hoshino, S. et al., 2016: Estimation of increase in storm surge damage due to climate change and sea level rise in the Greater Tokyo area. Nat. Hazards, 80(1), 539–565.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r789">Dinan, T., 2017: Projected Increases in Hurricane Damage in the United States: The Role of Climate Change and Coastal Development. Ecol. Econ., 138, 186–198.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r790">Emanuel, K., 2017b: Will Global Warming Make Hurricane Forecasting More Difficult? Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98(3), 495–501, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0134.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r791">Lin, N. and E. Shullman, 2017: Dealing with hurricane surge flooding in a changing environment: part I. Risk assessment considering storm climatology change, sea level rise, and coastal development. Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A., 31(9), 2379–2400, doi:10.1007/s00477-016-1377-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r792">Garner, A.J. et al., 2017: Impact of climate change on NYC’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE. PNAS, 114(45), 11861–11866.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r793">Nicholls, R.J., 2018: Adapting to Sea level Rise. In: Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change [Zommers, Z. and K. Alverson (eds.)]. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 13–29, ISBN: 978-0-12-811891-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r794">Solomon, S., G.-K. Plattner, R. Knutti and P. Friedlingstein, 2009: Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. PNAS, 106(6), 1704–1709.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r795">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r796">Farinotti, D. et al., 2019: A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth. Nature Geoscience, 12(3), 168–173.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r797">Marzeion, B., A. Jarosch and M. Hofer, 2012: Past and future sea level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers. The Cryosphere, 6(6), 1295.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r798">Zickfeld, K., S. Solomon and D.M. Gilford, 2017: Centuries of thermal sea level rise due to anthropogenic emissions of short-lived greenhouse gases. PNAS, 114(4), 657–662, doi:10.1073/pnas.1612066114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r799">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r800">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r801">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r802">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r803">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r804">Robinson, A., R. Calov and A. Ganopolski, 2012: Multistability and critical thresholds of the Greenland ice sheet. Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 429–432, doi:10.1038/nclimate1449 https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1449#supplementary-information .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r805">Pattyn, F. et al., 2018: The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets under 1.5 °C global warming. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(12), 1053–1061, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r806">Tedesco, M. et al., 2016: The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100). The Cryosphere, 10(2), 477–496, doi:10.5194/tc-10-477-2016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r807">Ryan, J.C. et al., 2018: Dark zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet controlled by distributed biologically-active impurities. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 1065, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03353-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r808">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r809">Golledge, N.R., R.H. Levy, R.M. McKay and T.R. Naish, 2017: East Antarctic ice sheet most vulnerable to Weddell Sea warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2343–2351, doi:10.1002/2016GL072422.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r810">Sutter, J. et al., 2016: Ocean temperature thresholds for Last Interglacial West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(6), 2675–2682, doi:10.1002/2016GL067818.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r811">Pattyn, F., 2017: Sea level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f. ETISh v1. 0). The Cryosphere, 11(4), 1851–1878.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r812">Gomez, N., J.X. Mitrovica, P. Huybers and P.U. Clark, 2010: Sea level as a stabilizing factor for marine-ice sheet grounding lines. Nat. Geosci., 3(12), 850.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r813">Gomez, N., D. Pollard and D. Holland, 2015: Sea level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice sheet mass loss. Nat. Commun., 6, 8798.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r814">Konrad, H., I. Sasgen, D. Pollard and V. Klemann, 2015: Potential of the solid-Earth response for limiting long-term West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in a warming climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 432, 254–264.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r815">Pollard, D., N. Gomez and R.M. Deconto, 2017: Variations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in a Coupled Ice Sheet‐Earth‐Sea Level Model: Sensitivity to Viscoelastic Earth Properties. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 122(11), 2124–2138.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r816">Barletta, V.R. et al., 2018: Observed rapid bedrock uplift in Amundsen Sea Embayment promotes ice sheet stability. Science, 360(6395), 1335–1339, doi:10.1126/science.aao1447.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r817">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r818">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r819">Ritz, C. et al., 2015: Potential sea level rise from Antarctic ice sheet instability constrained by observations. Nature, 528(7580), 115–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r820">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r821">DeConto, R.M. and D. Pollard, 2016: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea level rise. Nature, 531(7596), 591–597, doi:10.1038/nature17145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r822">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r823">Rignot, E. et al., 2014: Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(10), 3502–3509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r824">Joughin, I., B.E. Smith and B. Medley, 2014: Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the thwaites glacier basin, West Antarctica. Science, 344(6185), 735–738, doi:10.1126/science.1249055.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r825">Jenkins, A. et al., 2018: West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in the Amundsen Sea driven by decadal oceanic variability. Nat. Geosci., 11(10), 733-741.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r826">Winkelmann, R., A. Levermann, A. Ridgwell and K. Caldeira, 2015: Combustion of available fossil fuel resources sufficient to eliminate the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sci. Adv., 1(8), e1500589.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r827">Clark, P.U. et al., 2018: Sea level commitment as a gauge for climate policy. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(8), 653–655.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r828">Vizcaino, M. et al., 2015: Coupled simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet and climate change up to AD 2300. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3927–3935.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r829">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r830">Calov, R. et al., 2018: Simulation of the future sea level contribution of Greenland with a new glacial system model. The Cryosphere, 12, 3097–3121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r831">Aschwanden, A. et al., 2019: Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium. Sci. Adv., 5, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r832">Gregory, J. and P. Huybrechts, 2006: Ice sheet contributions to future sea level change. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., 364(1844), 1709–1732.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r833">Golledge, N.R. et al., 2015: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea level rise. Nature, 526(7573), 421–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r834">Levermann, A. et al., 2014: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice sheet models. Earth Syst. Dyn., 5(2), 271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r835">Bulthuis, K., M. Arnst, S. Sun and F. Pattyn, 2019: Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change. The Cryosphere, 13, 1349–1380.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r836">Church, J.A. et al., 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r837">Chandra, A. and P. Gaganis, 2016: Deconstructing vulnerability and adaptation in a coastal river basin ecosystem: a participatory analysis of flood risk in Nadi, Fiji Islands. Clim. Dev., 8(3), 256–269.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r838">Xian, S., J. Yin, N. Lin and M. Oppenheimer, 2018: Influence of risk factors and past events on flood resilience in coastal megacities: comparative analysis of NYC and Shanghai. Sci. Total Environ., 610, 1251–1261.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r839">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r840">Xian, S., J. Yin, N. Lin and M. Oppenheimer, 2018: Influence of risk factors and past events on flood resilience in coastal megacities: comparative analysis of NYC and Shanghai. Sci. Total Environ., 610, 1251–1261.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r841">Wei, Y.D. and C.K. Leung, 2005: Development zones, foreign investment, and global city formation in Shanghai. Growth Change, 36(1), 16–40.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r842">Yin, J. et al., 2011: Monitoring urban expansion and land use/land cover changes of Shanghai metropolitan area during the transitional economy (1979–2009) in China. Environ. Monit. Assess., 177(1–4), 609–621.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r843">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r844">Zhang, L.-Y., 2003: Economic development in Shanghai and the role of the state. Urban Studies, 40(8), 1549–1572.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r845">Jacob Balter, R.B., et al., 2017: MTA Climate Adaptation Task Force Resiliency Report [Projjal Dutta, M.J., Madeline Smith, Nelson Smith, Susan Yoon (ed.)]. MTA, MTA, New York (Available at: http://web.mta.info/sustainability/pdf/ResiliencyReport.pdf ). Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r846">Binder, S.B., J.P. Barile, C.K. Baker and B. Kulp, 2019: Home buyouts and household recovery: neighborhood differences three years after Hurricane Sandy. Environ. Hazards, 18(2), 127–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r847">Buchanan, M.K., M. Oppenheimer and A. Parris, 2019: Values, bias, and stressors affect intentions to adapt to coastal flood risk: a case study from NYC. Weather, Climate, and Society, 11(4), 809–821.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r848">Shaltout, M., K. Tonbol and A. Omstedt, 2015: Sea level change and projected future flooding along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Oceanologia, 57(4), 293–307.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r849">Hereher, M.E., 2010: Vulnerability of the Nile Delta to sea level rise: an assessment using remote sensing. Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk, 1(4), 315–321.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r850">World Bank, 2017: Population of Egypt. The World Bank.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r851">Bucx, T., M. Marchand, B. Makaske and C. van de Guchte, 2010: Comparative assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of 10 deltas: work document (No.1), 177, Deltares, Netherlands, ISBN 9789490070397.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r852">Hereher, M., 2009: Inventory of agricultural land area of Egypt using MODIS data. Egypt J. Remote Sens. Space Sci., 12, 179–184.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r853">El-Sayed, A.-F.M., 2016: Fish and fisheries in the Nile Delta. In: The Nile Delta: the handbook of environmental chemistry, Springer, Cham, pp. 495–516, ISBN: 978-3-319-56124-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r854">Hereher, M.E., 2010: Vulnerability of the Nile Delta to sea level rise: an assessment using remote sensing. Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk, 1(4), 315–321.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r855">Government of Egypt, 2016: Egypt Third National Communication: Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency; United Nations Development Program; Global Environment Facility, Agency, E.E.A., Cairo, Egypt [Available at: https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/tnc_report.pdf%5D .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r856">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r857">Shaltout, M., K. Tonbol and A. Omstedt, 2015: Sea level change and projected future flooding along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Oceanologia, 57(4), 293–307.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r858">Frihy, O.E.S., E.A. Deabes, S.M. Shereet and F.A. Abdalla, 2010: Alexandria-Nile Delta coast, Egypt: update and future projection of relative sea level rise. Environ. Earth Sci., 61(2), 253–273.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r859">Gebremichael, E. et al., 2018: Assessing Land Deformation and Sea Encroachment in the Nile Delta: A Radar Interferometric and Inundation Modeling Approach. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 123(4), 3208–3224.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r860">Gebremichael, E. et al., 2018: Assessing Land Deformation and Sea Encroachment in the Nile Delta: A Radar Interferometric and Inundation Modeling Approach. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 123(4), 3208–3224.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r861">Frihy, O.E.S., E.A. Deabes, S.M. Shereet and F.A. Abdalla, 2010: Alexandria-Nile Delta coast, Egypt: update and future projection of relative sea level rise. Environ. Earth Sci., 61(2), 253–273.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r862">Elshinnawy, I. et al., 2010: Climate Change Risks to Coastal Development and Adaptation Options in the Nile Delta. United Nations Development Programme; Stockholm Environment Institute; Coastal Research Institute, Fund, M.A. [Available at: http://www.nile-delta-adapt.org/index.php?view=DownLoadAct&id=4%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r863">Gebremichael, E. et al., 2018: Assessing Land Deformation and Sea Encroachment in the Nile Delta: A Radar Interferometric and Inundation Modeling Approach. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 123(4), 3208–3224.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r864">Stanley, J.-D. and P. L. Clemente, 2017: Increased land subsidence and sea level rise are submerging Egypt’s Nile Delta coastal margin. GSA Today, 27(5), 4–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r865">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r866">Government of Egypt, 2016: Egypt Third National Communication: Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency; United Nations Development Program; Global Environment Facility, Agency, E.E.A., Cairo, Egypt [Available at: https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/tnc_report.pdf%5D .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r867">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r868">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r869">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r870">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r871">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r872">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r873">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r874">Ghoneim, E. et al., 2015: Nile Delta exhibited a spatial reversal in the rates of shoreline retreat on the Rosetta promontory comparing pre-and post-beach protection. Geomorphology, 228, 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r875">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r876">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r877">UNDP, 2017: Enhancing Climate Change Adaptation in the North Coast and Nile Delta Regions in Egypt (Funding proposal FP053). United Nations Development Programme, Egypt. [Available at: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/574760/Funding_proposal_-_FP053_-_UNDP_-_Egypt.pdf/6f006804-3009-43dc-9c49-4ad01c5d7e05%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r878">Kulp, S. and B.H. Strauss, 2017: Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise. Clim. Change, 142(3–4), 477–489.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r879">Kulp, S. and B.H. Strauss, 2017: Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise. Clim. Change, 142(3–4), 477–489.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r880">Smith, A., D. Martin and S. Cockings, 2016: Spatio-temporal population modelling for enhanced assessment of urban exposure to flood risk. Appl. Spat. Anal. Policy, 9(2), 145–163.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r881">Renner, K. et al., 2017: Spatio-temporal population modelling as improved exposure information for risk assessments tested in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 27, 470-479.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r882">Stevens, F.R., A.E. Gaughan, C. Linard and A.J. Tatem, 2015: Disaggregating census data for population mapping using random forests with remotely-sensed and ancillary data. PLoS One, 10(2), e0107042.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r883">Figueiredo, R. and M. Martina, 2016: Using open building data in the development of exposure data sets for catastrophe risk modelling. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(2), 417.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r884">Deville, P. et al., 2014: Dynamic population mapping using mobile phone data. PNAS, 111(45), 15888–15893.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r885">Ahas, R. et al., 2015: Everyday space–time geographies: using mobile phone-based sensor data to monitor urban activity in Harbin, Paris, and Tallinn. Int. J. Geogr. Info. Sci., 29(11), 2017–2039.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r886">Steig, E.J. et al., 2015: Influence of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse on Antarctic surface climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(12), 4862–4868, doi:10.1002/2015GL063861.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r887">Smith, A., D. Martin and S. Cockings, 2016: Spatio-temporal population modelling for enhanced assessment of urban exposure to flood risk. Appl. Spat. Anal. Policy, 9(2), 145–163.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r888">Jongman, B., P.J. Ward and J.C. Aerts, 2012: Global exposure to river and coastal flooding: Long term trends and changes. Global Environ. Chang., 22(4), 823–835.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r889">Hauer, M.E., J.M. Evans and D.R. Mishra, 2016: Millions projected to be at risk from sea–level rise in the continental United States. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 691.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r890">Neumann, B., A.T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann and R.J. Nicholls, 2015: Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PLoS One, 10(3), e0118571.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r891">Sleeter, B.M., N.J. Wood, C.E. Soulard and T.S. Wilson, 2017: Projecting community changes in hazard exposure to support long-term risk reduction: a case study of tsunami hazards in the US Pacific Northwest. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 22, 10–22.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r892">Merkens, J.-L., L. Reimann, J. Hinkel and A.T. Vafeidis, 2016: Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Planet. Change, 145, 57–66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r893">Hauer, M.E., 2017: Migration induced by sea level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(5), 321.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r894">Song, J. et al., 2017: An examination of land use impacts of flooding induced by sea level rise. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17(3), 315.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r895">Kulp, S. and B.H. Strauss, 2017: Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise. Clim. Change, 142(3–4), 477–489.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r896">Shepherd, M. and K.C. Binita, 2015: Climate change and African Americans in the USA. Geogr. Compass, 9(11), 579–591, doi:10.1111/gec3.12244.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r897">Hardy, R.D. and M.E. Hauer, 2018: Social vulnerability projections improve sea level rise risk assessments. Appl. Geogr., 91, 10–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r898">Rao, N.D., B.J. van Ruijven, K. Riahi and V. Bosetti, 2017: Improving poverty and inequality modelling in climate research. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(12), 857.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r899">Hardy, R.D. and M.E. Hauer, 2018: Social vulnerability projections improve sea level rise risk assessments. Appl. Geogr., 91, 10–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r900">Merkens, J.-L., L. Reimann, J. Hinkel and A.T. Vafeidis, 2016: Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Planet. Change, 145, 57–66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r901">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018b: Climatic and socioeconomic controls of future coastal flood risk in Europe. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(9), 776.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r902">Jurgilevich, A., A. Räsänen, F. Groundstroem and S. Juhola, 2017: A systematic review of dynamics in climate risk and vulnerability assessments. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(1), 013002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r903">Jongman, B. et al., 2015: Declining vulnerability to river floods and the global benefits of adaptation. PNAS, 112(18), E2271-E2280.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r904">Mechler, R. and L.M. Bouwer, 2015: Understanding trends and projections of disaster losses and climate change: is vulnerability the missing link? Clim. Change, 133(1), 23–35.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r905">Kreibich, H. et al., 2017: Adaptation to flood risk: Results of international paired flood event studies. Earth’s Future, 5(10), 953–965.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r906">Viguié, V., S. Hallegatte and J. Rozenberg, 2014: Downscaling long term socioeconomic scenarios at city scale: A case study on Paris. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 87, 305–324.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r907">Absar, S.M. and B.L. Preston, 2015: Extending the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for sub-national impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability studies. Global Environ. Chang., 33, 83–96.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r908">Ordóñez, C. and P. Duinker, 2015: Climate change vulnerability assessment of the urban forest in three Canadian cities. Clim. Change, 131(4), 531–543.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r909">Tellman, B., J.E. Saiers and O.A.R. Cruz, 2016: Quantifying the impacts of land use change on flooding in data-poor watersheds in El Salvador with community-based model calibration. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(4), 1183–1196.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r910">Jurgilevich, A., A. Räsänen, F. Groundstroem and S. Juhola, 2017: A systematic review of dynamics in climate risk and vulnerability assessments. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(1), 013002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r911">Hewitson, B. et al., 2014: Regional context. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [VR Barros et al. (eds.)] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1133–1197.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r912">Jurgilevich, A., A. Räsänen, F. Groundstroem and S. Juhola, 2017: A systematic review of dynamics in climate risk and vulnerability assessments. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(1), 013002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r913">Aerts, J.C.J.H. et al., 2018b: Integrating human behaviour dynamics into flood disaster risk assessment. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(3), 193–199.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r914">Serre, D. and C. Heinzlef, 2018: Assessing and mapping urban resilience to floods with respect to cascading effects through critical infrastructure networks. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 30, 235–243.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r915">Metcalf, S.J. et al., 2015: Measuring the vulnerability of marine social-ecological systems: a prerequisite for the identification of climate change adaptations. Ecol. Soc., 20(2), 1-21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r916">Maina, J. et al., 2016: Integrating social–ecological vulnerability assessments with climate forecasts to improve local climate adaptation planning for coral reef fisheries in Papua New Guinea. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(3), 881–891.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r917">Beichler, S.A., 2015: Exploring the link between supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services–towards an integrated vulnerability assessment. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services &amp; Management, 11(3), 250–263.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r918">Hagenlocher, M., F.G. Renaud, S. Haas and Z. Sebesvari, 2018: Vulnerability and risk of deltaic social-ecological systems exposed to multiple hazards. Sci. Total Environ., 631, 71–80.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r919">Thiault, L. et al., 2018: Space and time matter in social-ecological vulnerability assessments. Mar. Policy, 88, 213–221.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r920">Hagenlocher, M., F.G. Renaud, S. Haas and Z. Sebesvari, 2018: Vulnerability and risk of deltaic social-ecological systems exposed to multiple hazards. Sci. Total Environ., 631, 71–80.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r921">Thiault, L. et al., 2018: Space and time matter in social-ecological vulnerability assessments. Mar. Policy, 88, 213–221.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r922">Sebesvari, Z. et al., 2016: A review of vulnerability indicators for deltaic social–ecological systems. Sustain. Sci., 11(4), 575–590.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r923">Kunte, P.D. et al., 2014: Multi-hazards coastal vulnerability assessment of Goa, India, using geospatial techniques. Ocean Coast. Manage, 95, 264–281.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r924">Hagenlocher, M., F.G. Renaud, S. Haas and Z. Sebesvari, 2018: Vulnerability and risk of deltaic social-ecological systems exposed to multiple hazards. Sci. Total Environ., 631, 71–80.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r925">Tarbotton, C., F. Dall’Osso, D. Dominey-Howes and J. Goff, 2015: The use of empirical vulnerability functions to assess the response of buildings to tsunami impact: comparative review and summary of best practice. Earth-Sci. Rev., 142, 120–134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r926">Hatzikyriakou, A. and N. Lin, 2017: Simulating storm surge waves for structural vulnerability estimation and flood hazard mapping. Nat. Hazards, 89(2), 939–962.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r927">El-Zein, A. and F.N. Tonmoy, 2017: Nonlinearity, fuzziness and incommensurability in indicator-based assessments of vulnerability to climate change: A new mathematical framework. Ecol. Indic., 82, 82–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r928">Tonmoy, F. N. and A. El-Zein, 2018: Vulnerability to sea level rise: A novel local-scale indicator-based assessment methodology and application to eight beaches in Shoalhaven, Australia. Ecol. Indic., 85, 295–307.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r929">Steele, J.E. et al., 2017: Mapping poverty using mobile phone and satellite data. J. R. Soc. Interface, 14(127), 20160690.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r930">Pezzulo, C. et al., 2017: Sub-national mapping of population pyramids and dependency ratios in Africa and Asia. Sci. Data, 4, 170089.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r931">Lavery, P.S., M.Á. Mateo, O. Serrano and M. Rozaimi, 2013: Variability in the Carbon Storage of Seagrass Habitats and Its Implications for Global Estimates of Blue Carbon Ecosystem Service. PLoS One, 8(9), 1-12, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073748.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r932">Serrano, O., P.S. Lavery, M. Rozaimi and M.Á. Mateo, 2014: Influence of water depth on the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrasses. Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 28(9), 950–961.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r933">Short, F.T. et al., 2014: Monitoring in the Western Pacific region shows evidence of seagrass decline in line with global trends. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 83(2), 408–416, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2014.03.036.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r934">Yaakub, S.M. et al., 2014: Courage under fire: Seagrass persistence adjacent to a highly urbanised city–state. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 83(2), 417–424, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2014.01.012.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r935">Cullen-Unsworth, L.C. and R.K.F. Unsworth, 2016: Strategies to enhance the resilience of the world’s seagrass meadows. J. Appl. Ecol., 53(4), 967–972, doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12637.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r936">Breininger, D.R., R.D. Breininger and C.R. Hall, 2017: Effects of surrounding land use and water depth on seagrass dynamics relative to a catastrophic algal bloom. Conserv. Biol., 31(1), 67–75.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r937">Kirwan, M.L. and J.P. Megonigal, 2013: Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 53–60.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r938">Schile, L.M. et al., 2014: Modeling tidal marsh distribution with sea level rise: Evaluating the role of vegetation, sediment, and upland habitat in marsh resiliency. PLoS One, 9(2), e88760.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r939">Hopper, T. and M.S. Meixler, 2016: Modeling Coastal Vulnerability through Space and Time. PLoS One, 11(10), e0163495–e0163495, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163495.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r940">Burdick, D. M. and C. T. Roman (eds.), 2012: Salt marsh responses to tidal restriction and restoration. In: Tidal marsh restoration. Springer, pp. 373–382.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r941">Prisco, I., M. Carboni and A.T.R. Acosta, 2013: The Fate of Threatened Coastal Dune Habitats in Italy under Climate Change Scenarios. PLoS One, 8(7), 1-14, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068850.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r942">Telesca, L. et al., 2015: Seagrass meadows (Posidonia oceanica) distribution and trajectories of change. Sci. Rep., 5, 12505–12505, doi:10.1038/srep12505.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r943">Unsworth, R.K. et al., 2015: A framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 100(1), 34–46, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2015.08.016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r944">Samper-Villarreal, J. et al., 2016: Organic carbon in seagrass sediments is influenced by seagrass canopy complexity, turbidity, wave height, and water depth. Limnol. Oceanogr., 61(3), 938–952, doi:10.1002/lno.10262.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r945">Balestri, E., F. Vallerini and C. Lardicci, 2017: Recruitment and Patch Establishment by Seed in the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica: Importance and Conservation Implications. Front. Plant Sci., 8, 1067.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r946">Saunders, M.I. et al., 2013: Coastal retreat and improved water quality mitigate losses of seagrass from sea level rise. Global Change Biol., 19(8), 2569–2583, doi:10.1111/gcb.12218.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r947">Ray, B.R., M.W. Johnson, K. Cammarata and D.L. Smee, 2014: Changes in Seagrass Species Composition in Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Effects on Associated Seagrass Fauna. PLoS One, 9(9), e107751–e107751, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107751.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r948">Deudero, S., M. Vázquez-Luis and E. Álvarez, 2015: Human stressors are driving coastal benthic long-lived sessile fan mussel Pinna nobilis population structure more than environmental stressors. PLoS One, 10(7), e0134530.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r949">Abrams, J.F. et al., 2016: The impact of Indonesian peatland degradation on downstream marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biol., 22(1), 325–337, doi:10.1111/gcb.13108.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r950">Benham, C.F., S.G. Beavis, R.A. Hendry and E.L. Jackson, 2016: Growth effects of shading and sedimentation in two tropical seagrass species: Implications for port management and impact assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 109(1), 461–470, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2016.05.027.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r951">Mayer-Pinto, M., M.G. Matias and R.A. Coleman, 2016: The interplay between habitat structure and chemical contaminants on biotic responses of benthic organisms. PeerJ, 4, e1985-e1985, doi:10.7717/peerj.1985.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r952">Thorhaug, A. et al., 2017: Seagrass blue carbon dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico: Stocks, losses from anthropogenic disturbance, and gains through seagrass restoration. Sci. Total Environ., 605–606, 626–636, doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.06.189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r953">Yaakub, S.M. et al., 2014: Courage under fire: Seagrass persistence adjacent to a highly urbanised city–state. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 83(2), 417–424, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2014.01.012.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r954">Telesca, L. et al., 2015: Seagrass meadows (Posidonia oceanica) distribution and trajectories of change. Sci. Rep., 5, 12505–12505, doi:10.1038/srep12505.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r955">Ray, B.R., M.W. Johnson, K. Cammarata and D.L. Smee, 2014: Changes in Seagrass Species Composition in Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Effects on Associated Seagrass Fauna. PLoS One, 9(9), e107751–e107751, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107751.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r956">Tuya, F. et al., 2014: Ecological structure and function differs between habitats dominated by seagrasses and green seaweeds. Mar. Environ. Res., 98, 1–13, doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r957">Garner, K.L. et al., 2015: Impacts of sea level rise and climate change on coastal plant species in the central California coast. PeerJ, 3, e958–e958, doi:10.7717/peerj.958.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r958">Osland, M.J. et al., 2017: Assessing coastal wetland vulnerability to sea level rise along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast: Gaps and opportunities for developing a coordinated regional sampling network. PLoS One, 12(9), 1-23, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183431.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r959">Mantyka-Pringle, C.S., T.G. Martin and J.R. Rhodes, 2013: Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Change Biol., 19(5), 1642–1644, doi:10.1111/gcb.12148.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r960">Crespo, D. et al., 2017: New climatic targets against global warming: Will the maximum 2°C temperature rise affect estuarine benthic communities. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1–14, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04309-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r961">Hernán, G. et al., 2017: Future warmer seas: increased stress and susceptibility to grazing in seedlings of a marine habitat-forming species. Global Change Biol., 23(11), 4530–4543, doi:10.1111/gcb.13768.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r962">Kaniewski, D. et al., 2014: Vulnerability of mediterranean ecosystems to long-term changes along the coast of Israel. PLoS One, 9(7), 1–9, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102090.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r963">Sherwood, E.T. and H.S. Greening, 2014: Potential Impacts and Management Implications of Climate Change on Tampa Bay Estuary Critical Coastal Habitats. Environ. Manage., 53(2), 401–415, doi:10.1007/s00267-013-0179-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r964">Villnäs, A. et al., 2013: The role of recurrent disturbances for ecosystem multifunctionality. Ecology, 94(10), 2275–2287.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r965">Foster, T.E. et al., 2017: Modeling vegetation community responses to sea level rise on Barrier Island systems: A case study on the Cape Canaveral Barrier Island complex, Florida, USA. PLoS One, 12(8), e0182605.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r966">Thorner, J., L. Kumar and S.D.A. Smith, 2014: Impacts of climate-change-driven sea level rise on intertidal rocky reef habitats will be variable and site specific. PLoS One, 9(1), 1–7, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086130.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r967">Wasson, K., A. Woolfolk and C. Fresquez, 2013: Ecotones as Indicators of Changing Environmental Conditions: Rapid Migration of Salt Marsh-Upland Boundaries. Estuaries Coasts, 36(3), 654–664, doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9601-8.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r968">Richards, D.R. and D.A. Friess, 2017: Characterizing Coastal Ecosystem Service Trade-offs with Future Urban Development in a Tropical City. Environ. Manage., 60(5), 961–973.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r969">Campbell, J.E. and J.W. Fourqurean, 2014: Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities. J. Ecol., 102(3), 730–737, doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12233.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r970">Lefcheck, J.S. et al., 2017: Multiple stressors threaten the imperiled coastal foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Global Change Biol., 23(9), 3474–3483.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r971">Moftakhari, H.R. et al., 2017: Compounding effects of sea level rise and fluvial flooding. PNAS, 114(37), 9785–9790.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r972">Noto, A.E. and J.B. Shurin, 2017: Early Stages of Sea level Rise Lead To Decreased Salt Marsh Plant Diversity through Stronger Competition in Mediterranean- Climate Marshes. PLoS One, 12(1), 1-11, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169056.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r973">Brown, C.J., M.I. Saunders, H.P. Possingham and A.J. Richardson, 2013: Managing for Interactions between Local and Global Stressors of Ecosystems. PLoS One, 8(6), 1–10, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065765.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r974">Conlisk, E. et al., 2013: Uncertainty in assessing the impacts of global change with coupled dynamic species distribution and population models. Global Change Biol., 19(3), 858–869, doi:10.1111/gcb.12090.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r975">Maxwell, P.S. et al., 2015: Identifying habitats at risk: simple models can reveal complex ecosystem dynamics. Ecol. Appl., 25(2), 573-587, doi:10.1890/14–0395.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r976">Crotty, S.M., C. Angelini and M.D. Bertness, 2017: Multiple stressors and the potential for synergistic loss of New England salt marshes. PLoS One, 12(8), 1–13, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183058.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r977">Connell, S.D. et al., 2017: Testing for thresholds of ecosystem collapse in seagrass meadows. Conserv. Biol., 31(5), 1196–1201, doi:10.1111/cobi.12951.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r978">Wu, W., P. Biber and M. Bethel, 2017: Thresholds of sea level rise rate and sea level rise acceleration rate in a vulnerable coastal wetland. Ecol. Evol., 7(24), 10890–10903, doi:10.1002/ece3.3550.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r979">Crotty, S.M., C. Angelini and M.D. Bertness, 2017: Multiple stressors and the potential for synergistic loss of New England salt marshes. PLoS One, 12(8), 1–13, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183058.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r980">Maxwell, P.S. et al., 2015: Identifying habitats at risk: simple models can reveal complex ecosystem dynamics. Ecol. Appl., 25(2), 573-587, doi:10.1890/14–0395.1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r981">Unsworth, R.K. et al., 2015: A framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 100(1), 34–46, doi:10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2015.08.016.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r982">Brown, C.J., M.I. Saunders, H.P. Possingham and A.J. Richardson, 2013: Managing for Interactions between Local and Global Stressors of Ecosystems. PLoS One, 8(6), 1–10, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065765.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r983">McKee, K.L. and W.C. Vervaeke, 2018: Will fluctuations in salt marsh-mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea level rise? Global Change Biol., 24(3), 1224–1238, doi:10.1111/gcb.13945.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r984">Lovelock, C.E. et al., 2015: The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea level rise. Nature, 526(7574), 559–563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r985">Koch, M.S. et al., 2015: Climate Change Projected Effects on Coastal Foundation Communities of the Greater Everglades Using a 2060 Scenario: Need for a New Management Paradigm. Environ. Manage., 55(4), 857–875, doi:10.1007/s00267-014-0375-y.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r986">Flower, H., M. Rains and C. Fitz, 2017: Visioning the Future: Scenarios Modeling of the Florida Coastal Everglades. Environ. Manage., 60(5), 989–1009, doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0916-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r987">Barr, J.G. et al., 2013: Summertime influences of tidal energy advection on the surface energy balance in a mangrove forest. Biogeosciences, 10, 501–511, doi:10.5194/bg-10-501-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r988">Field, C.R., A.A. Dayer and C.S. Elphick, 2017: Landowner behavior can determine the success of conservation strategies for ecosystem migration under sea level rise. PNAS, 114(34), 9134–9139, doi:10.1073/pnas.1620319114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r989">Foster, T.E. et al., 2017: Modeling vegetation community responses to sea level rise on Barrier Island systems: A case study on the Cape Canaveral Barrier Island complex, Florida, USA. PLoS One, 12(8), e0182605.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r990">Thompson, E.L. et al., 2015: Differential proteomic responses of selectively bred and wild‐type Sydney rock oyster populations exposed to elevated CO2. Mol. Ecol., 24(6), 1248–1262.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r991">Giakoumi, S. et al., 2015: Towards a framework for assessment and management of cumulative human impacts on marine food webs. Conserv. Biol., 29(4), 1228–1234, doi:10.1111/cobi.12468.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r992">Field, C.R., A.A. Dayer and C.S. Elphick, 2017: Landowner behavior can determine the success of conservation strategies for ecosystem migration under sea level rise. PNAS, 114(34), 9134–9139, doi:10.1073/pnas.1620319114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r993">Arkema, K.K. et al., 2013: Coastal habitats shield people and property from sea level rise and storms. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(10), 913.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r994">Díaz, S. et al., 2019: Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services [Cunha, M.C.d., G. Mace and H. Mooney (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 45 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r995">Marino, E., 2012: The long history of environmental migration: Assessing vulnerability construction and obstacles to successful relocation in Shishmaref, Alaska. Global Environ. Chang., 22(2), 374–381.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r996">Duvat, V. et al., 2017: Trajectories of exposure and vulnerability of small islands to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(6), 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r997">Fawcett, D., T. Pearce, J.D. Ford and L. Archer, 2017: Operationalizing longitudinal approaches to climate change vulnerability assessment. Global Environ. Chang., 45, 79–88.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r998">Woodruff, J.D., J.L. Irish and S.J. Camargo, 2013: Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 44–52.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r999">Fincher, R., J. Barnett, S. Graham and A. Hurlimann, 2014: Time stories: Making sense of futures in anticipation of sea level rise. Geoforum, 56, 201–210.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1000">Oppenheimer, M. and R.B. Alley, 2016: How high will the seas rise? Science, 354(6318), 1375–1377.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1001">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1002">Moser, S.C., S. Jeffress Williams and D.F. Boesch, 2012: Wicked challenges at land’s end: Managing coastal vulnerability under climate change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 37, 51–78.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1003">Bennett, N.J., J. Blythe, S. Tyler and N.C. Ban, 2016: Communities and change in the anthropocene: understanding social-ecological vulnerability and planning adaptations to multiple interacting exposures. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(4), 907–926.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1004">Newton, A., T. J. Carruthers and J. Icely, 2012: The coastal syndromes and hotspots on the coast. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 96, 39–47.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1005">Bennett, N.J., J. Blythe, S. Tyler and N.C. Ban, 2016: Communities and change in the anthropocene: understanding social-ecological vulnerability and planning adaptations to multiple interacting exposures. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(4), 907–926.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1006">Smith, K., 2011: We are seven billion. Nat. Clim. Change, 1, 331–335.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1007">Neumann, B., A.T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann and R.J. Nicholls, 2015: Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PLoS One, 10(3), e0118571.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1008">Ford, J.D., G. McDowell and T. Pearce, 2015: The adaptation challenge in the Arctic. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(12), 1046–1053.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1009">Neumann, B., A.T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann and R.J. Nicholls, 2015: Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PLoS One, 10(3), e0118571.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1010">Jones, B. and B. O’Neill, 2016: Spatially explicit global population scenarios consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(8), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1011">Merkens, J.-L., L. Reimann, J. Hinkel and A.T. Vafeidis, 2016: Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Planet. Change, 145, 57–66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1012">Fawcett, D., T. Pearce, J.D. Ford and L. Archer, 2017: Operationalizing longitudinal approaches to climate change vulnerability assessment. Global Environ. Chang., 45, 79–88.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1013">Yin, J., M. Ye, Z. Yin and S. Xu, 2015: A review of advances in urban flood risk analysis over China. Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A., 29(3), 1063–1070.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1014">Lilai, X., H. Yuanrong and H. Wei, 2016: A multi-dimensional integrated approach to assess flood risks on a coastal city, induced by sea level rise and storm tides. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(1), 014001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1015">Yan, B. et al., 2016: Socioeconomic vulnerability of the megacity of Shanghai (China) to sea level rise and associated storm surges. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(5), 1443–1456.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1016">Genovese, E. and V. Przyluski, 2013: Storm surge disaster risk management: the Xynthia case study in France. J. Risk Res., 16(7), 825–841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1017">Chadenas, C., A. Creach and D. Mercier, 2014: The impact of storm Xynthia in 2010 on coastal flood prevention policy in France. J. Coast. Conserv., 18(5), 529–538.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1018">Magnan, A.K. and V.K.E. Duvat, 2018: Unavoidable solutions for coastal adaptation in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Environ. Sci. Policy, 89, 393–400, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1019">Felsenstein, D. and M. Lichter, 2014: Social and economic vulnerability of coastal communities to sea level rise and extreme flooding. Nat. Hazards, 71(1), 463–491.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1020">Storey, D. and S. Hunter, 2010: Kiribati: an environmental ‘perfect storm’. Austral. Geogr., 41(2), 167–181.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1021">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1022">Hart, G., 2011: Vulnerability and adaptation to sea level rise in Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand Climate Change</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1023">Heberger, M., 2012: The impacts of sea level rise on the San Francisco Bay. California Energy Commission. [Available at: https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2012publications/CEC-500-2012-014/CEC-500-2012-014.pdf%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1024">Grifman, P. et al., 2013: Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Study for the City of Los Angeles. University of Southern</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1025">Liu, H., J.G. Behr and R. Diaz, 2016b: Population vulnerability to storm surge flooding in coastal Virginia, USA. Integr. Environ. Assess., 12(3), 500–509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1026">Reguero, B.G. et al., 2015: Effects of climate change on exposure to coastal flooding in Latin America and the Caribbean. PLoS One, 10(7), e0133409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1027">Calil, J. et al., 2017: Comparative Coastal Risk Index (CCRI): A multidisciplinary risk index for Latin America and the Caribbean. PLoS One, 12(11), e0187011.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1028">Villamizar, A. et al., 2017: Climate adaptation in South America with emphasis in coastal areas: the state-of-the-art and case studies from Venezuela and Uruguay. Clim. Dev., 9(4), 364–382.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1029">Mycoo, M.A., 2018: Beyond 1.5 C: vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies for Caribbean Small Island developing states. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 2341–2353.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1030">Kumar, L. and S. Taylor, 2015: Exposure of coastal built assets in the South Pacific to climate risks. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(11), 992–996.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1031">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1032">Speelman, L.H., R.J. Nicholls and J. Dyke, 2017: Contemporary migration intentions in the Maldives: the role of environmental and other factors. Sustain. Sci., 12(3), 433–451.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1033">Ballu, V. et al., 2011: Comparing the role of absolute sea level rise and vertical tectonic motions in coastal flooding, Torres Islands (Vanuatu). PNAS, 108(32), 13019–13022.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1034">Duvat, V. et al., 2017: Trajectories of exposure and vulnerability of small islands to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(6), 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1035">Storey, D. and S. Hunter, 2010: Kiribati: an environmental ‘perfect storm’. Austral. Geogr., 41(2), 167–181.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1036">Lazrus, H., 2015: Risk perception and climate adaptation in Tuvalu: a combined cultural theory and traditional knowledge approach. Hum. Organ., 74(1), 52–61.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1037">Tessler, Z.D., C.J. Vörösmarty, I. Overeem and J.P. Syvitski, 2018: A model of water and sediment balance as determinants of relative sea level rise in contemporary and future deltas. Geomorphology, 305, 209-220.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1038">Ouillon, S., 2018: Why and How Do We Study Sediment Transport? Focus on Coastal Zones and Ongoing Methods. Water, 10(4), 1-34.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1039">Schmitt, R., Z. Rubin and G. Kondolf, 2017: Losing ground-scenarios of land loss as consequence of shifting sediment budgets in the Mekong Delta. Geomorphology, 294, 58–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1040">Vinh, V.D., S. Ouillon, T.D. Thanh and L. Chu, 2014: Impact of the Hoa Binh dam (Vietnam) on water and sediment budgets in the Red River basin and delta. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18(10), 3987–4005.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1041">Darby, S.E. et al., 2016: Fluvial sediment supply to a mega-delta reduced by shifting tropical-cyclone activity. Nature, 539(7628), 276.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1042">Tessler, Z. et al., 2015: Profiling risk and sustainability in coastal deltas of the world. Science, 349(6248), 638–643.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1043">Welch, A., R. Nicholls and A. Lázár, 2017: Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions. Elem Sci Anth, 5(49), 1-18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1044">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2013: Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas? Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 5(6), 644–654.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1045">Day, J.W. et al., 2016: Approaches to defining deltaic sustainability in the 21st century. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 275–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1046">Rogers, K.G. and I. Overeem, 2017: Doomed to drown? Sediment dynamics in the human-controlled floodplains of the active Bengal Delta. Elementa-Sci. Anthrop., 5(66), 1-15, doi:10.1525/elementa.250.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1047">Lefebvre, J.-P. et al., 2012: Seasonal variability of cohesive sediment aggregation in the Bach Dang–Cam Estuary, Haiphong (Vietnam). Geo-Marine Letters, 32(2), 103–121.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1048">Gugliotta, M. et al., 2018: Sediment distribution and depositional processes along the fluvial to marine transition zone of the Mekong River delta, Vietnam. Sedimentology, 66(1), 146–164.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1049">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2013: Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas? Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 5(6), 644–654.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1050">Day, J.W. et al., 2016: Approaches to defining deltaic sustainability in the 21st century. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 275–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1051">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2013: Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas? Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 5(6), 644–654.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1052">Day, J.W. et al., 2016: Approaches to defining deltaic sustainability in the 21st century. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 275–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1053">Brakenridge, G. et al., 2017: Design with nature: Causation and avoidance of catastrophic flooding, Myanmar. Earth-Sci. Rev., 165, 81–109.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1054">Foteinis, S. and C.E. Synolakis, 2015: Beach erosion threatens Minoan beaches: a case study of coastal retreat in Crete. Shore Beach, 83(1), 53–62.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1055">UNEP, 2015: Regional State of the Coast Report: Western Indian Ocean. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 546.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1056">Luijendijk, A. et al., 2018: The State of the World’s Beaches. Nature Sci. Rep., 8, 1-11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1057">Pontee, N., 2013: Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion. Ocean Coast. Manage, 84, 204–207.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1058">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1059">Doody, J.P., 2013: Coastal squeeze and managed realignment in southeast England, does it tell us anything about the future? Ocean Coast. Manage, 79, 34–41.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1060">Pontee, N., 2013: Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion. Ocean Coast. Manage, 84, 204–207.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1061">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1062">Pontee, N., 2013: Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion. Ocean Coast. Manage, 84, 204–207.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1063">Torio, D. D. and G. L. Chmura, 2015: Impacts of sea level rise on marsh as fish habitat. Estuaries Coasts, 38(4), 1288–1303.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1064">McDougall, C., 2017: Erosion and the beaches of Negril. Ocean Coast. Manage, 148, 204–213.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1065">McDougall, C., 2017: Erosion and the beaches of Negril. Ocean Coast. Manage, 148, 204–213.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1066">Doody, J.P., 2013: Coastal squeeze and managed realignment in southeast England, does it tell us anything about the future? Ocean Coast. Manage, 79, 34–41.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1067">Martínez, M.L., G. Mendoza-González, R. Silva-Casarín and E. Mendoza-Baldwin, 2014: Land use changes and sea level rise may induce a “coastal squeeze” on the coasts of Veracruz, Mexico. Global Environ. Chang., 29, 180–188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1068">Torio, D. D. and G. L. Chmura, 2015: Impacts of sea level rise on marsh as fish habitat. Estuaries Coasts, 38(4), 1288–1303.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1069">Kirwan, M.L. et al., 2016: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(3), 253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1070">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1071">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1072">Torio, D. D. and G. L. Chmura, 2015: Impacts of sea level rise on marsh as fish habitat. Estuaries Coasts, 38(4), 1288–1303.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1073">Kirwan, M.L. et al., 2016: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(3), 253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1074">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1075">Ford, J.D. et al., 2012: Mapping human dimensions of climate change research in the Canadian Arctic. Ambio, 41(8), 808–822.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1076">Ford, J.D., G. McDowell and J. Jones, 2014: The state of climate change adaptation in the Arctic. Environ. Res. Lett., 9(10), 104005.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1077">Petzold, J., 2016: Limitations and opportunities of social capital for adaptation to climate change: a case study on the Isles of Scilly. Geogr. J., 182(2), 123–134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1078">Duvat, V. et al., 2017: Trajectories of exposure and vulnerability of small islands to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(6), 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1079">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1080">Paterson, S.K. et al., 2017: Size does matter: City scale and the asymmetries of climate change adaptation in three coastal towns. Geoforum, 81, 109–119.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1081">Texier-Teixeira, P. and E. Edelblutte, 2017: Jakarta: Mumbai—Two Megacities Facing Floods Engaged in a Marginalization Process of Slum Areas. In: Identifying Emerging Issues in Disaster Risk Reduction, Migration, Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Springer, pp. 81–99.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1082">Koerth, J. et al., 2014: A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 466.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1083">Eriksen, S.H., A.J. Nightingale and H. Eakin, 2015: Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environ. Chang., 35, 523–533.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1084">Dolšak, N. and A. Prakash, 2018: The politics of climate change adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 317–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1085">Shatkin, G., 2019: Futures of Crisis, Futures of Urban Political Theory: Flooding in Asian Coastal Megacities. Int. J. Urban Reg. Res., 43(2), 207–226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1086">Broto, V.C., E. Boyd and J. Ensor, 2015: Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 11–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1087">Jones, N., J.R. Clark and C. Malesios, 2015: Social capital and willingness-to-pay for coastal defences in south-east England. Ecol. Econ., 119, 74–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1088">Allen, J.S., S.B. Longo and T.E. Shriver, 2018: Politics, the state, and sea level rise: the treadmill of production and structural selectivity in North Carolina’s coastal resource commission. Sociol. Q., 59(2), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1089">Hughes, S., E.K. Chu and S.G. Mason, 2018: Climate change in cities. Innovations in Multi-Level Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing (The Urban Book Series), ISBN: 978-3-319-65003-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1090">Sovacool, B.K., 2018: Bamboo beating bandits: Conflict, inequality, and vulnerability in the political ecology of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. World Dev., 102, 183–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1091">Pearse, R., 2017: Gender and climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(2), 1-16.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1092">Rahman, M.S., 2013: Climate change, disaster and gender vulnerability: A study on two divisions of Bangladesh. Am. J. Hum. Ecol., 2(2), 72–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1093">Alam, K. and M. H. Rahman, 2014: Women in natural disasters: a case study from southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 8, 68–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1094">Garai, J., 2016: Gender Specific Vulnerability in Climate Change and Possible Sustainable Livelihoods of Coastal People. A Case from Bangladesh. Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada-Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 16(1), 79–88.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1095">Alston, M., 2013: Women and adaptation. WiRes. Clim. Change, 4(5), 351–358.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1096">Pearse, R., 2017: Gender and climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(2), 1-16.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1097">Bridges, K.W. and W.C. McClatchey, 2009: Living on the margin: ethnoecological insights from Marshall Islanders at Rongelap atoll. Global Environ. Chang., 19(2), 140–146.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1098">Lefale, P.F., 2010: Ua ‘afa le Aso Stormy weather today: traditional ecological knowledge of weather and climate. The Samoa experience. Clim. Change, 100(2), 317–335.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1099">Leonard, S., M. Parsons, K. Olawsky and F. Kofod, 2013: The role of culture and traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation: Insights from East Kimberley, Australia. Global Environ. Chang., 23(3), 623–632.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1100">Lazrus, H., 2015: Risk perception and climate adaptation in Tuvalu: a combined cultural theory and traditional knowledge approach. Hum. Organ., 74(1), 52–61.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1101">Ignatowski, J.A. and J. Rosales, 2013: Identifying the exposure of two subsistence villages in Alaska to climate change using traditional ecological knowledge. Clim. Change, 121(2), 285–299.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1102">McMillen, H. et al., 2014: Small islands, valuable insights: systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific. Ecol. Soc., 19(4), 1-17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1103">Hesed, C.D.M. and M. Paolisso, 2015: Cultural knowledge and local vulnerability in African American communities. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 683–687.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1104">Janif, S. et al., 2016: Value of traditional oral narratives in building climate–change resilience: insights from rural communities in Fiji. Ecol. Soc., 21(2), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1105">Morrison, K., 2017: The Role of Traditional Knowledge to Frame Understanding of Migration as Adaptation to the “Slow Disaster” of Sea Level Rise in the South Pacific. In: Identifying Emerging Issues in Disaster Risk Reduction, Migration, Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Springer, pp. 249–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1106">Hiwasaki, L., E. Luna and J.A. Marçal, 2015: Local and indigenous knowledge on climate-related hazards of coastal and small island communities in Southeast Asia. Clim. Change, 128(1–2), 35–56.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1107">Hiwasaki, L., E. Luna and J.A. Marçal, 2015: Local and indigenous knowledge on climate-related hazards of coastal and small island communities in Southeast Asia. Clim. Change, 128(1–2), 35–56.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1108">Hiwasaki, L., E. Luna and J.A. Marçal, 2015: Local and indigenous knowledge on climate-related hazards of coastal and small island communities in Southeast Asia. Clim. Change, 128(1–2), 35–56.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1109">Gharasian, C., 2016: Protection of natural resources through a sacred prohibition: The rahui on Rapa iti. In: The Rahui : legal pluralism in Polynesian traditional management of resources and territories [Bambridge, T. (ed.)]. Australian National University Press, Acton, Australian, pp. 139–153, ISBN: 9781925022919.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1110">Bridges, K.W. and W.C. McClatchey, 2009: Living on the margin: ethnoecological insights from Marshall Islanders at Rongelap atoll. Global Environ. Chang., 19(2), 140–146.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1111">McMillen, H. et al., 2014: Small islands, valuable insights: systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific. Ecol. Soc., 19(4), 1-17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1112">Campbell, J.R., 2015: Development, global change and traditional food security in Pacific Island countries. Reg. Environ. Change, 15(7), 1313–1324.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1113">Lazrus, H., 2015: Risk perception and climate adaptation in Tuvalu: a combined cultural theory and traditional knowledge approach. Hum. Organ., 74(1), 52–61.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1114">McMillen, H. et al., 2014: Small islands, valuable insights: systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific. Ecol. Soc., 19(4), 1-17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1115">Nunn, P.D., A. Kohler and R. Kumar, 2017a: Identifying and assessing evidence for recent shoreline change attributable to uncommonly rapid sea level rise in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, Northwest Pacific Ocean. J. Coast. Conserv. 21(6), 719–730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1116">Nunn, P.D., A. Kohler and R. Kumar, 2017a: Identifying and assessing evidence for recent shoreline change attributable to uncommonly rapid sea level rise in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, Northwest Pacific Ocean. J. Coast. Conserv. 21(6), 719–730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1117">Nakashima, D.J. et al., 2012: Weathering uncertainty: traditional knowledge for climate change assessment and adaptation. UNESCO and UNU, Paris and Darwin, 120 pp, ISBN: 978-92-3-001068-3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1118">Campbell, J.R., 2015: Development, global change and traditional food security in Pacific Island countries. Reg. Environ. Change, 15(7), 1313–1324.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1119">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1120">Aldrich, D.P., 2017: The importance of social capital in building community resilience. In: Rethinking Resilience, Adaptation and Transformation in a Time of Change. Springer, Cham, 357–364.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1121">Petzold, J., 2018: Social adaptability in ecotones: sea level rise and climate change adaptation in Flushing and the Isles of Scilly, UK. Isl. Stud. J., 13(1), 101-118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1122">Meyer, M.A., 2018: Social capital in disaster research. In: Handbook of disaster research [Rodríguez, H., W. Donner and J.E. Trainor (eds.)]. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 263–286, ISBN: 978-3-319-63253-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1123">Adger, W.N., 2010: Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. In: Der klimawandel [Voss M. (eds.)]. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 327–345.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1124">Aldrich, D.P. and M. A. Meyer, 2015: Social capital and community resilience. Am. Behav. Sci., 59(2), 254–269.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1125">Petzold, J. and B.M. Ratter, 2015: Climate change adaptation under a social capital approach–An analytical framework for small islands. Ocean Coast. Manage, 112, 36–43.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1126">Jordan, J.C., 2015: Swimming alone? The role of social capital in enhancing local resilience to climate stress: a case study from Bangladesh. Clim. Dev., 7(2), 110–123.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1127">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1128">Petzold, J., 2016: Limitations and opportunities of social capital for adaptation to climate change: a case study on the Isles of Scilly. Geogr. J., 182(2), 123–134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1129">Lo, A.Y., B. Xu, F.K. Chan and R. Su, 2015: Social capital and community preparation for urban flooding in China. Appl. Geogr., 64, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1130">Triyanti, A., M. Bavinck, J. Gupta and M.A. Marfai, 2017: Social capital, interactive governance and coastal protection: The effectiveness of mangrove ecosystem-based strategies in promoting inclusive development in Demak, Indonesia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 150, 3–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1131">Neef, A. et al., 2018: Climate adaptation strategies in Fiji: The role of social norms and cultural values. World Dev., 107, 125–137.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1132">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1133">Jones, N., J.R. Clark and C. Malesios, 2015: Social capital and willingness-to-pay for coastal defences in south-east England. Ecol. Econ., 119, 74–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1134">Terpstra, T., 2011: Emotions, trust, and perceived risk: Affective and cognitive routes to flood preparedness behavior. Risk Anal., 31(10), 1658–1675.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1135">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1136">Burby, R.J., 2006: Hurricane Katrina and the paradoxes of government disaster policy: Bringing about wise governmental decisions for hazardous areas. Ann. Am. Acad. Political. Soc. Sci., 604(1), 171–191.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1137">Kates, R.W., C.E. Colten, S. Laska and S.P. Leatherman, 2006: Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: a research perspective. PNAS, 103(40), 14653–14660.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1138">Vinet, F., D. Lumbroso, S. Defossez and L. Boissier, 2012: A comparative analysis of the loss of life during two recent floods in France: the sea surge caused by the storm Xynthia and the flash flood in Var. Nat. Hazards, 61(3), 1179–1201.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1139">Genovese, E. and V. Przyluski, 2013: Storm surge disaster risk management: the Xynthia case study in France. J. Risk Res., 16(7), 825–841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1140">Chadenas, C., A. Creach and D. Mercier, 2014: The impact of storm Xynthia in 2010 on coastal flood prevention policy in France. J. Coast. Conserv., 18(5), 529–538.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1141">Kellens, W. et al., 2011: An analysis of the public perception of flood risk on the Belgian coast. Risk Anal., 31(7), 1055–1068.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1142">Carlton, S.J. and S.K. Jacobson, 2013: Climate change and coastal environmental risk perceptions in Florida. J. Environ. Manage., 130, 32–39.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1143">Lujala, P., H. Lein and J.K. Rød, 2015: Climate change, Nat. Hazards, and risk perception: the role of proximity and personal experience. Local Environ., 20(4), 489–509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1144">Weber, E.U., 2016: What shapes perceptions of climate change? New research since 2010. WiRes. Clim. Change, 7(1), 125–134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1145">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1146">Goeldner-Gianella, L. et al., 2019: The perception of climate-related coastal risks and environmental changes on the Rangiroa and Tikehau atolls, French Polynesia: The role of sensitive and intellectual drivers. Ocean Coast. Manage, 172, 14–29.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1147">Milfont, T.L. et al., 2014: Proximity to coast is linked to climate change belief. PLoS One, 9(7), e103180.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1148">Lujala, P., H. Lein and J.K. Rød, 2015: Climate change, Nat. Hazards, and risk perception: the role of proximity and personal experience. Local Environ., 20(4), 489–509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1149">van de Wal, R. .W. et al., 2015: Self-regulation of ice flow varies across the ablation area in south-west Greenland. The Cryosphere, 9(2), 603–611, doi:10.5194/tc-9-603-2015.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1150">Smith, R.-A., 2018: Risk perception and adaptive responses to climate change and climatic variability in northeastern St. Vincent. J. Environ. Stud. Sci., 8(1), 73–85.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1151">Thomas, A. and L. Benjamin, 2018: Perceptions of climate change risk in The Bahamas. J. Environ. Stud. Sci., 8(1), 63–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1152">Spence, A., W. Poortinga and N. Pidgeon, 2012: The psychological distance of climate change. Risk Anal., 32(6), 957–972.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1153">Milfont, T.L. et al., 2014: Proximity to coast is linked to climate change belief. PLoS One, 9(7), e103180.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1154">Lujala, P., H. Lein and J.K. Rød, 2015: Climate change, Nat. Hazards, and risk perception: the role of proximity and personal experience. Local Environ., 20(4), 489–509.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1155">Magnan, A. et al., 2016: Addressing the risk of maladaptation to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 7(5), 646–665.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1156">Bennett, N.J., J. Blythe, S. Tyler and N.C. Ban, 2016: Communities and change in the anthropocene: understanding social-ecological vulnerability and planning adaptations to multiple interacting exposures. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(4), 907–926.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1157">Duvat, V. et al., 2017: Trajectories of exposure and vulnerability of small islands to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 8(6), 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1158">Eriksen, S.H., A.J. Nightingale and H. Eakin, 2015: Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environ. Chang., 35, 523–533.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1159">Hesed, C.D.M. and M. Paolisso, 2015: Cultural knowledge and local vulnerability in African American communities. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 683–687.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1160">McCubbin, S., B. Smit and T. Pearce, 2015: Where does climate fit? Vulnerability to climate change in the context of multiple stressors in Funafuti, Tuvalu. Global Environ. Chang., 30, 43–55.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1161">Kondolf, G.M. et al., 2014: Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents. Earth’s Future, 2(5), 256–280.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1162">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1163">Sweet, W.V. and J. Park, 2014: From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise. Earth’s Future, 2(12), 579–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1164">Strauss, B.H., R.E. Kopp, W.V. Sweet and K. Bittermann, 2016: Unnatural coastal floods: Sea level rise and the human fingerprint on US floods since 1950. Climate Central, Princeton, NJ, USA, 1–16, Available at: http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/uploads/research/Unnatural-Coastal-Floods-2016.pdf</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1165">Grady, A. et al., 2013: The influence of sea level rise and changes in fringing reef morphology on gradients in alongshore sediment transport. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(12), 3096–3101.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1166">Albert, S. et al., 2016: Interactions between sea level rise and wave exposure on reef island dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(5), 054011.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1167">Pollard, J., T. Spencer and S. Brooks, 2018: The interactive relationship between coastal erosion and flood risk. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 43(4), 574-585.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1168">Romine, B.M. et al., 2013: Are beach erosion rates and sea level rise related in Hawaii? Global Planet. Change, 108, 149–157.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1169">Garcin, M. et al., 2016: Lagoon islets as indicators of recent environmental changes in the South Pacific–The New Caledonian example. Cont. Shelf Res., 122, 120–140.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1170">Albert, S. et al., 2016: Interactions between sea level rise and wave exposure on reef island dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(5), 054011.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1171">Woodruff, J.D., J.L. Irish and S.J. Camargo, 2013: Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 44–52.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1172">Lilai, X., H. Yuanrong and H. Wei, 2016: A multi-dimensional integrated approach to assess flood risks on a coastal city, induced by sea level rise and storm tides. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(1), 014001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1173">Vitousek, S. et al., 2017: Doubling of coastal flooding frequency within decades due to sea level rise. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 1399.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1174">Nicholls, R.J., 2010: Impacts of and responses to sea‐level rise. In: Understanding sea level rise and variability, 17–51, [Church et al. (eds.)], Blackwell Publishing Ltd, West Sussex, UK, ISBN: 9781444323276.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1175">Storlazzi, C. et al., 2018: Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century due to sea level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding. Sci. Adv., 4(4), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1176">Merkens, J.-L., L. Reimann, J. Hinkel and A.T. Vafeidis, 2016: Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Planet. Change, 145, 57–66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1177">Jones, B. and B. O’Neill, 2016: Spatially explicit global population scenarios consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(8), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1178">Merkens, J.-L., L. Reimann, J. Hinkel and A.T. Vafeidis, 2016: Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Planet. Change, 145, 57–66.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1179">Reguero, B.G. et al., 2015: Effects of climate change on exposure to coastal flooding in Latin America and the Caribbean. PLoS One, 10(7), e0133409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1180">Neumann, B., A.T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann and R.J. Nicholls, 2015: Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment. PLoS One, 10(3), e0118571.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1181">Hauer, M.E., J.M. Evans and D.R. Mishra, 2016: Millions projected to be at risk from sea–level rise in the continental United States. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 691.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1182">Hinkel, J. et al., 2014: Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea level rise. PNAS, 111(9), 3292–3297.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1183">Abadie, L.M., E. Sainz de Murieta and I. Galarraga, 2016: Climate risk assessment under uncertainty: an application to main European coastal cities. Front. Mar. Sci., 3, 265.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1184">Diaz, D.B., 2016: Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Change, 137 (1–2), 143–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1185">Hunter, J., P. Woodworth, T. Wahl and R. Nicholls, 2017: Using global tide gauge data to validate and improve the representation of extreme sea levels in flood impact studies. Global Planet. Change, 156, 34–45.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1186">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1187">Abadie, L.M., 2018: Sea level damage risk with probabilistic weighting of IPCC scenarios: An application to major coastal cities. J. Clean. Prod., 175, 582–598, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.069.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1188">Brown, S. et al., 2018a: Quantifying Land and People Exposed to Sea‐Level Rise with No Mitigation and 1.5 and 2.0° C Rise in Global Temperatures to Year 2300. Earth’s Future, 6(3), 583–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1189">Nicholls, R.J., 2018: Adapting to Sea level Rise. In: Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change [Zommers, Z. and K. Alverson (eds.)]. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 13–29, ISBN: 978-0-12-811891-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1190">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018b: Climatic and socioeconomic controls of future coastal flood risk in Europe. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(9), 776.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1191">Cashman, A. and M.R. Nagdee, 2017: Impacts of climate change on settlements and infrastructure in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS). Sci. Rev., 2017, 155–173.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1192">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1193">Hinkel, J. et al., 2014: Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea level rise. PNAS, 111(9), 3292–3297.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1194">Diaz, D.B., 2016: Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Change, 137 (1–2), 143–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1195">Brown, S. et al., 2018a: Quantifying Land and People Exposed to Sea‐Level Rise with No Mitigation and 1.5 and 2.0° C Rise in Global Temperatures to Year 2300. Earth’s Future, 6(3), 583–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1196">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1197">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1198">Tamura, M., N. Kumano, M. Yotsukuri and H. Yokoki, 2019: Global assessment of the effectiveness of adaptation in coastal areas based on RCP/SSP scenarios. Clim. Change, 152(3-4), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1199">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1200">Diaz, D.B., 2016: Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Change, 137 (1–2), 143–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1201">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1202">Tamura, M., N. Kumano, M. Yotsukuri and H. Yokoki, 2019: Global assessment of the effectiveness of adaptation in coastal areas based on RCP/SSP scenarios. Clim. Change, 152(3-4), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1203">Diaz, D.B., 2016: Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Change, 137 (1–2), 143–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1204">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1205">Wolff, C. et al., 2016: Effects of scale and input data on assessing the future impacts of coastal flooding: an application of DIVA for the Emilia-Romagna coast. Front. Mar. Sci., 3, 41.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1206">Vousdoukas, M.I. et al., 2018a: Understanding epistemic uncertainty in large-scale coastal flood risk assessment for present and future climates. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18(8), 2127–2142.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1207">Kulp, S. and B.H. Strauss, 2016: Global DEM errors underpredict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise and flooding. Front. Earth Sci., 4, 36.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1208">Hinkel, J. et al., 2014: Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea level rise. PNAS, 111(9), 3292–3297.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1209">Vousdoukas, M.I., 2016: Developments in large-scale coastal flood hazard mapping. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16(8), 1841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1210">Prahl, B.F. et al., 2018: Damage and protection cost curves for coastal floods within the 600 largest European cities. Sci. Data, 5, 180034.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1211">Wahl, T. et al., 2017: Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis. Nat. Commun., 8, 1-12, doi:10.1038/ncomms16075.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1212">Cazenave, A. and G.L. Cozannet, 2014: Sea level rise and its coastal impacts. Earth’s Future, 2(2), 15–34.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1213">Luijendijk, A. et al., 2018: The State of the World’s Beaches. Nature Sci. Rep., 8, 1-11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1214">Mentaschi, L. et al., 2018: Global long-term observations of coastal erosion and accretion. Sci. Rep., 8(1), 12876.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1215">Luijendijk, A. et al., 2018: The State of the World’s Beaches. Nature Sci. Rep., 8, 1-11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1216">Barnhart, K., I. Overeem and R. Anderson, 2014a: The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts. The Cryosphere, 8(5), 1777–1799.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1217">Farquharson, L. et al., 2018: Temporal and spatial variability in coastline response to declining sea-ice in northwest Alaska. Mar. Geol., 404, 71–83.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1218">Irrgang, A.M. et al., 2019: Impacts of past and future coastal changes on the Yukon coast—threats for cultural sites, infrastructure, and travel routes. Arctic Science, 5(2), 107–126.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1219">Amaro, V.E. et al., 2015: Multitemporal analysis of coastal erosion based on multisource satellite images, Ponta Negra Beach, Natal City, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Geodesy, 38(1), 1–25.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1220">Yang, H. et al., 2017: Erosion potential of the Yangtze Delta under sediment starvation and climate change. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 10535.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1221">Rangel-Buitrago, N.G., G. Anfuso and A.T. Williams, 2015: Coastal erosion along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: magnitudes, causes and management. Ocean Coast. Manage, 114, 129–144.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1222">Kankara, R.S., M.V. Ramana Murthy and M. Rajeevan, 2018: National Assessment of Shoreline changes along Indian Coast: Status report for 26 years (1990 – 2016). Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Coastal Research, Chennai [Available at: https://www.indiaspend.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/National-Assessment-of-Shoreline-Changes-NCCR-report.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1223">Passeri, D.L. et al., 2015: The dynamic effects of sea level rise on low‐gradient coastal landscapes: A review. Earth’s Future, 3(6), 159–181.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1224">Lentz, E.E. et al., 2016: Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea level rise modifies inundation likelihood. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 696–700.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1225">Deng, J., C.D. Woodroffe, K. Rogers and J. Harff, 2017: Morphogenetic modelling of coastal and estuarine evolution. Earth-Sci. Rev. 171, 254–271.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1226">Woodruff, J.D., J.L. Irish and S.J. Camargo, 2013: Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 44–52.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1227">Duvat, V.K., 2019: A global assessment of atoll island planform changes over the past decades. WiRes. Clim. Change, 10(1), e557.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1228">Becker, M. et al., 2012: Sea level variations at tropical Pacific islands since 1950. Global Planet. Change, 80, 85–98.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1229">Palanisamy, H. et al., 2014: Regional sea level variability, total relative sea level rise and its impacts on islands and coastal zones of Indian Ocean over the last sixty years. Global Planet. Change, 116, 54–67.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1230">Albert, S. et al., 2016: Interactions between sea level rise and wave exposure on reef island dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(5), 054011.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1231">Shope, J.B., C.D. Storlazzi and R.K. Hoeke, 2017: Projected atoll shoreline and run-up changes in response to sea level rise and varying large wave conditions at Wake and Midway Atolls, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Geomorphology, 295, 537–550.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1232">Harley, M.D. et al., 2017: Extreme coastal erosion enhanced by anomalous extratropical storm wave direction. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 6033.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1233">Karlsson, M. and G.K. Hovelsrud, 2015: Local collective action: Adaptation to coastal erosion in the Monkey River Village, Belize. Global Environ. Chang., 32, 96–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1234">Taylor, R.G. et al., 2013: Ground water and climate change. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(4), 322–329.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1235">Jiménez Cisneros, B.E. et al., 2014: Freshwater resources. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1236">Bailey, R.T., K. Barnes and C.D. Wallace, 2016: Predicting Future Groundwater Resources of Coral Atoll Islands. Hydrol. Process., 30(13), 2092–2105.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1237">Gingerich, S.B., C.I. Voss and A.G. Johnson, 2017: Seawater-flooding events and impact on freshwater lenses of low-lying islands: Controlling factors, basic management and mitigation. J. Hydrol., 551, 676–688.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1238">Rotzoll, K. and C.H. Fletcher, 2013: Assessment of groundwater inundation as a consequence of sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1239">Jiménez Cisneros, B.E. et al., 2014: Freshwater resources. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1240">Masterson, J.P. et al., 2014: Effects of sea‐level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics–ecohydrological implications. Ecohydrology, 7(3), 1064–1071.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1241">Werner, A.D. et al., 2017: Hydrogeology and management of freshwater lenses on atoll islands: Review of current knowledge and research needs. J. Hydrol., 551, 819–844.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1242">Uddameri, V., S. Singaraju and E.A. Hernandez, 2014: Impacts of sea level rise and urbanization on groundwater availability and sustainability of coastal communities in semi-arid South Texas. Environ. Earth Sci., 71(6), 2503–2515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1243">Ferguson, G. and T. Gleeson, 2012: Vulnerability of coastal aquifers to groundwater use and climate change. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(5), 342.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1244">Jiménez Cisneros, B.E. et al., 2014: Freshwater resources. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1245">Uddameri, V., S. Singaraju and E.A. Hernandez, 2014: Impacts of sea level rise and urbanization on groundwater availability and sustainability of coastal communities in semi-arid South Texas. Environ. Earth Sci., 71(6), 2503–2515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1246">Ataie-Ashtiani, B. et al., 2013: How important is the impact of land-surface inundation on seawater intrusion caused by sea level rise? Hydrogeol. J., 21(7), 1673–1677.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1247">Ketabchi, H. et al., 2014: Sea‐level rise impact on fresh groundwater lenses in two‐layer small islands. Hydrol. Process., 28(24), 5938–5953.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1248">Karnauskas, K.B., J.P. Donnelly and K.J. Anchukaitis, 2016: Future freshwater stress for island populations. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(7), 720–725.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1249">Ross, A.C. et al., 2015: Sea level rise and other influences on decadal-scale salinity variability in a coastal plain estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 157, 79–92.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1250">Bhuiyan, M.J.A.N. and D. Dutta, 2012: Assessing impacts of sea level rise on river salinity in the Gorai river network, Bangladesh. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 96, 219–227.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1251">Gugliotta, M. et al., 2017: Process regime, salinity, morphological, and sedimentary trends along the fluvial to marine transition zone of the mixed-energy Mekong River delta, Vietnam. Cont. Shelf Res., 147, 7–26.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1252">Dessu, S.B., R.M. Price, T.G. Troxler and J.S. Kominoski, 2018: Effects of sea level rise and freshwater management on long-term water levels and water quality in the Florida Coastal Everglades. J. Environ. Manage., 211, 164–176.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1253">Dasgupta, S. et al., 2017: The impact of aquatic salinization on fish habitats and poor communities in a changing climate: evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh. Ecol. Econ., 139, 128–139.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1254">Dessu, S.B., R.M. Price, T.G. Troxler and J.S. Kominoski, 2018: Effects of sea level rise and freshwater management on long-term water levels and water quality in the Florida Coastal Everglades. J. Environ. Manage., 211, 164–176.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1255">Mazzei, V. and E. Gaiser, 2018: Diatoms as tools for inferring ecotone boundaries in a coastal freshwater wetland threatened by saltwater intrusion. Ecol. Indic., 88, 190–204, doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.003.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1256">Wilbers, G.-J., M. Becker, Z. Sebesvari and F. G. Renaud, 2014: Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pollution in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Sci. Total Environ., 485, 653–665.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1257">Li, X. et al., 2015: Grounding line retreat of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, 1996 to 2013. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(19), 8049–8056.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1258">Noh, S. et al., 2013: Influence of salinity intrusion on the speciation and partitioning of mercury in the Mekong River Delta. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 106, 379–390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1259">Wong, V.N. et al., 2015: Seawater inundation of coastal floodplain sediments: short-term changes in surface water and sediment geochemistry. Chem. Geol., 398, 32–45.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1260">Batabyal, P. et al., 2016: Environmental drivers on seasonal abundance of riverine-estuarine V. cholerae in the Indian Sundarban mangrove. Ecol. Indic., 69, 59–65.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1261">Daliakopoulos, I. et al., 2016: The threat of soil salinity: A European scale review. Sci. Total Environ., 573, 727–739.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1262">Genua-Olmedo, A., C. Alcaraz, N. Caiola and C. Ibáñez, 2016: Sea level rise impacts on rice production: The Ebro Delta as an example. Sci. Total Environ., 571, 1200–1210.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1263">Ruiz-Fernández, A. et al., 2018: Carbon burial and storage in tropical salt marshes under the influence of sea level rise. Sci. Total Environ., 630, 1628–1640.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1264">Ruiz-Fernández, A. et al., 2018: Carbon burial and storage in tropical salt marshes under the influence of sea level rise. Sci. Total Environ., 630, 1628–1640.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1265">Sánchez-García, E.A., K. Rodríguez-Medina and P. Moreno-Casasola, 2017: Effects of soil saturation and salinity on seed germination in seven freshwater marsh species from the tropical coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Aquat. Bot., 140, 4–12.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1266">Zheng, L. et al., 2017: Impact of salinity and Pb on enzyme activities of a saline soil from the Yellow River delta: A microcosm study. Phys. Chem. Earth, 97, 77–87.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1267">McKee, M., J. White and L. Putnam-Duhon, 2016: Simulated storm surge effects on freshwater coastal wetland soil porewater salinity and extractable ammonium levels: Implications for marsh recovery after storm surge. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 181, 338–344.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1268">Liu, X. et al., 2017b: Effects of salinity and wet–dry treatments on C and N dynamics in coastal-forested wetland soils: Implications of sea level rise. Soil Biol. Biochem., 112, 56–67.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1269">Sánchez-García, E.A., K. Rodríguez-Medina and P. Moreno-Casasola, 2017: Effects of soil saturation and salinity on seed germination in seven freshwater marsh species from the tropical coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Aquat. Bot., 140, 4–12.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1270">Yao, R.-J. et al., 2015: Determining soil salinity and plant biomass response for a farmed coastal cropland using the electromagnetic induction method. Comput. Electron. Agr., 119, 241–253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1271">Genua-Olmedo, A., C. Alcaraz, N. Caiola and C. Ibáñez, 2016: Sea level rise impacts on rice production: The Ebro Delta as an example. Sci. Total Environ., 571, 1200–1210.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1272">Kirwan, M.L. and J.P. Megonigal, 2013: Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 53–60.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1273">Kirwan, M.L. et al., 2016: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(3), 253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1274">Woodroffe, C.D. et al., 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 243–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1275">Sasmito, S.D., D. Murdiyarso, D.A. Friess and S. Kurnianto, 2016: Can mangroves keep pace with contemporary sea level rise? A global data review. Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 24(2), 263–278.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1276">Kirwan, M.L. et al., 2016: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(3), 253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1277">Lovelock, C.E. et al., 2015: The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea level rise. Nature, 526(7574), 559–563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1278">Ganju, N.K. et al., 2017: Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes. Nat. Commun., 8, 1–7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1279">Jankowski, K.L., T.E. Törnqvist and A.M. Fernandes, 2017: Vulnerability of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands to present-day rates of relative sea level rise. Nat. Commun., 8, 14792.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1280">Watson, E. et al., 2017: Anthropocene Survival of Southern New England’s Salt Marshes. Estuaries Coasts, 40(3), 617–625.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1281">Krauss, K.W. et al., 2014: How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level. New Phytol., 202(1), 19–34, doi:10.1111/nph.12605.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1282">Reef, R. and C.E. Lovelock, 2014: Historical analysis of mangrove leaf traits throughout the 19th and 20th centuries reveals differential responses to increases in atmospheric CO2. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 23(11), 1209–1214.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1283">Coldren, G.A., J.A. Langley, I.C. Feller and S.K. Chapman, 2019: Warming accelerates mangrove expansion and surface elevation gain in a subtropical wetland. J. Ecol., 107(1), 79–90.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1284">Kirwan, M.L. and J.P. Megonigal, 2013: Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea level rise. Nature, 504(7478), 53–60.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1285">Schile, L.M. et al., 2014: Modeling tidal marsh distribution with sea level rise: Evaluating the role of vegetation, sediment, and upland habitat in marsh resiliency. PLoS One, 9(2), e88760.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1286">Morris, J.T., J. Edwards, S. Crooks and E. Reyes, 2012: Assessment of carbon sequestration potential in coastal wetlands. In: Recarbonization of the Biosphere. Springer, pp. 517–531.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1287">Kirwan, M.L. et al., 2016: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(3), 253.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1288">Schuerch, M. et al., 2018: Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea level rise. Nature, 561(7722), 231.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1289">Giosan, L., 2014: Protect the world’s deltas. Nature, 516(7529), 31.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1290">Tessler, Z. et al., 2015: Profiling risk and sustainability in coastal deltas of the world. Science, 349(6248), 638–643.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1291">Day, J.W. et al., 2016: Approaches to defining deltaic sustainability in the 21st century. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 275–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1292">Spencer, T. et al., 2016: Global coastal wetland change under sea level rise and related stresses: The DIVA Wetland Change Model. Global Planet. Change, 139, 15–30.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1293">Gattuso, J.-P. et al., 2015: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science, 349(6243), aac4722.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1294">Albright, R. et al., 2018: Carbon dioxide addition to coral reef waters suppresses net community calcification. Nature, 555(7697), 516–519, doi:10.1038/nature25968.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1295">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1296">Díaz, S. et al., 2019: Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services [Cunha, M.C.d., G. Mace and H. Mooney (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 45 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1297">Perrette, M. et al., 2013: A scaling approach to project regional sea level rise and its uncertainties. Earth Syst. Dyn., 4(1), 11–29, doi:10.5194/esd-4-11-2013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1298">Storlazzi, C., E. Elias, M. Field and M. Presto, 2011: Numerical modeling of the impact of sea level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Coral Reefs, 30(1), 83–96.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1299">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1300">van Woesik, R., Y. Golbuu and G. Roff, 2015: Keep up or drown: adjustment of western Pacific coral reefs to sea level rise in the 21st century. R. Soc. Open Sci., 2(7), 150181.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1301">Hamylton, S., J.X. Leon, M.I. Saunders and C. Woodroffe, 2014: Simulating reef response to sea level rise at Lizard Island: A geospatial approach. Geomorphology, 222, 151–161.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1302">Perry, C.T. et al., 2018: Loss of coral reef growth capacity to track future increases in sea level. Nature, 558(7710), 396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1303">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1304">Hughes, T.P. et al., 2017: Coral reefs in the Anthropocene. Nature, 546(7656), 82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1305">Yates, K.K., D.G. Zawada, N.A. Smiley and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 14(6), 1739.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1306">Yates, K.K., D.G. Zawada, N.A. Smiley and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 14(6), 1739.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1307">Albright, R. et al., 2018: Carbon dioxide addition to coral reef waters suppresses net community calcification. Nature, 555(7697), 516–519, doi:10.1038/nature25968.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1308">Eyre, B.D. et al., 2018: Coral reefs will transition to net dissolving before end of century. Science, 359(6378), 908–911.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1309">Perry, C. and K. Morgan, 2017: Bleaching drives collapse in reef carbonate budgets and reef growth potential on southern Maldives reefs. Sci. Rep., 7, 40581.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1310">Yates, K.K., D.G. Zawada, N.A. Smiley and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 14(6), 1739.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1311">Harris, D.L. et al., 2018: Coral reef structural complexity provides important coastal protection from waves under rising sea levels. Sci. Adv., 4(2).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1312">Field, M.E., A.S. Ogston and C.D. Storlazzi, 2011: Rising sea level may cause decline of fringing coral reefs. Eos, 92(33), 273–274.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1313">Saunders, M.I. et al., 2013: Coastal retreat and improved water quality mitigate losses of seagrass from sea level rise. Global Change Biol., 19(8), 2569–2583, doi:10.1111/gcb.12218.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1314">Bandeira, S. and F. Gell, 2003: The seagrasses of Mozambique and southeastern Africa. In: World Atlas of Seagrasses [Green, E. P. (ed.)], 93–100, ISBN 0520240472.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1315">Campbell, S.J. and L.J. McKenzie, 2004: Flood related loss and recovery of intertidal seagrass meadows in southern Queensland, Australia. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 60(3), 477–490.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1316">Bjork, M., F.T. Short, E. Mcleod and S. Beer, 2008: Managing Seagrasses for Resilience to Climate Change. IUCN Global Marine Programme, Gland, Switzerland, 1–55, ISBN 978-2-8317-1089-1.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1317">Marba, N. and C.M. Duarte, 2010: Mediterranean warming triggers seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) shoot mortality. Global Change Biol., 16(8), 2366–2375.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1318">Burge, C.A., C.J. Kim, J.M. Lyles and C.D. Harvell, 2013: Special issue oceans and humans health: the ecology of marine opportunists. Microb. Ecol., 65(4), 869–879.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1319">Koch, M., G. Bowes, C. Ross and X. H. Zhang, 2013: Climate change and ocean acidification effects on seagrasses and marine macroalgae. Global Change Biol., 19(1), 103–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1320">Thompson, E.L. et al., 2015: Differential proteomic responses of selectively bred and wild‐type Sydney rock oyster populations exposed to elevated CO2. Mol. Ecol., 24(6), 1248–1262.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1321">Chefaoui, R.M., C.M. Duarte and E.A. Serrão, 2018: Dramatic loss of seagrass habitat under projected climate change in the Mediterranean Sea. Global Change Biol., 24(10), 4919–4928.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1322">Gattuso, J.-P. et al., 2018: Ocean solutions to address climate change and its effects on marine ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1323">Waycott, M. et al., 2009: Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. PNAS, 106(30), 12377–12381.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1324">Repolho, T. et al., 2017: Seagrass ecophysiological performance under ocean warming and acidification. Sci. Rep., 7, 41443.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1325">Elliff, C.I. and I.R. Silva, 2017: Coral reefs as the first line of defense: Shoreline protection in face of climate change. Mar. Environ. Res., 127, 148–154.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1326">Siegle, E. and M.B. Costa, 2017: Nearshore Wave Power Increase on Reef‐Shaped Coasts Due to Sea‐Level Rise. Earth’s Future, 5(10), 1054–1065.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1327">Zhang, K. et al., 2012: The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 102, 11–23.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1328">Barbier, E.B., 2016: The protective service of mangrove ecosystems: a review of valuation methods. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 109(2), 676–681.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1329">Menéndez, P. et al., 2018: Valuing the protection services of mangroves at national scale: The Philippines. Ecosyst. Serv., 34, 24–36.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1330">Möller, I. et al., 2014: Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions. Nat. Geosci., 7(10), 727.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1331">Hu, K., Q. Chen and H. Wang, 2015: A numerical study of vegetation impact on reducing storm surge by wetlands in a semi-enclosed estuary. Coast. Eng. J., 95, 66–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1332">Narayan, S. et al., 2016: The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences. PLoS One, 11(5), e0154735.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1333">Horstman, E. et al., 2014: Wave attenuation in mangroves: A quantitative approach to field observations. Coast. Eng. J., 94, 47–62.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1334">Fonseca, M.S. and J.A. Cahalan, 1992: A preliminary evaluation of wave attenuation by four species of seagrass. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 35(6), 565–576.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1335">John, B.M., K.G. Shirlal and S. Rao, 2015: Effect of Artificial Sea Grass on Wave Attenuation-An Experimental Investigation. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 221–226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1336">Ferrario, F. et al., 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat. Commun., 5, 1–9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1337">Beetham, E., P.S. Kench and S. Popinet, 2017: Future Reef Growth Can Mitigate Physical Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise on Atoll Islands. Earth’s Future, 5(10), 1002–1014.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1338">Stark, J., T. Van Oyen, P. Meire and S. Temmerman, 2015: Observations of tidal and storm surge attenuation in a large tidal marsh. Limnol. Oceanogr., 60(4), 1371–1381.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1339">Spalding, M. et al., 2014: Coastal ecosystems: a critical element of risk reduction. Conserv. Lett., 7(3), 293–301.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1340">Harris, D.L. et al., 2018: Coral reef structural complexity provides important coastal protection from waves under rising sea levels. Sci. Adv., 4(2).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1341">Khanom, T., 2016: Effect of salinity on food security in the context of interior coast of Bangladesh. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 205–212.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1342">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1343">Khai, H.V., N.H. Dang and M. Yabe, 2018: Impact of Salinity Intrusion on Rice Productivity in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. 九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要, 63(1), 143–148.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1344">Nunn, P.D., J. Runman, M. Falanruw and R. Kumar, 2017b: Culturally grounded responses to coastal change on islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, northwest Pacific Ocean. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 959–971.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1345">Smajgl, A. et al., 2015: Responding to rising sea levels in the Mekong Delta. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 167–174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1346">Genua-Olmedo, A., C. Alcaraz, N. Caiola and C. Ibáñez, 2016: Sea level rise impacts on rice production: The Ebro Delta as an example. Sci. Total Environ., 571, 1200–1210.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1347">Sánchez-García, E.A., K. Rodríguez-Medina and P. Moreno-Casasola, 2017: Effects of soil saturation and salinity on seed germination in seven freshwater marsh species from the tropical coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Aquat. Bot., 140, 4–12.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1348">Khanom, T., 2016: Effect of salinity on food security in the context of interior coast of Bangladesh. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 205–212.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1349">Clark, P.U. et al., 2018: Sea level commitment as a gauge for climate policy. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(8), 653–655.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1350">Kabir, M.J., D.S. Gaydon, R. Cramb and C.H. Roth, 2018: Bio-economic evaluation of cropping systems for saline coastal Bangladesh: I. Biophysical simulation in historical and future environments. Agric. Syst., 162, 107–122.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1351">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2015: Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre Province, Mekong Delta. Clim. Change, 133(1), 69–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1352">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2015: Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre Province, Mekong Delta. Clim. Change, 133(1), 69–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1353">Fang, Y., J. Yin and B. Wu, 2016: Flooding risk assessment of coastal tourist attractions affected by sea level rise and storm surge: a case study in Zhejiang Province, China. Nat. Hazards, 84(1), 611–624.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1354">Monioudi, I Ν. et al., 2018: Climate change impacts on critical international transportation assets of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS): the case of Jamaica and Saint Lucia. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1355">Burge, C.A. et al., 2014: Climate change influences on marine infectious diseases: implications for management and society, Annual review of marine science, 6, 249–277.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1356">Weatherdon, L.V. et al., 2016: Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: an update. Front. Mar. Sci., 3, 48.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1357">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1358">Bujosa, A. and J. Rosselló, 2013: Climate change and summer mass tourism: the case of Spanish domestic tourism. Clim. Change, 117(1–2), 363–375.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1359">Amelung, B. and S. Nicholls, 2014: Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Manage., 41, 228–244.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1360">Shakeela, A. and S. Becken, 2015: Understanding tourism leaders’ perceptions of risks from climate change: An assessment of policy-making processes in the Maldives using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). J. Sustain. Tourism, 23(1), 65–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1361">Rosselló-Nadal, J., 2014: How to evaluate the effects of climate change on tourism. Tourism Manage., 42, 334–340.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1362">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1363">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1364">Sagoe-Addy, K. and K.A. Addo, 2013: Effect of predicted sea level rise on tourism facilities along Ghana’s Accra coast. J. Coast. Conserv., 17(1), 155–166.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1365">Hoogendoorn, G. and J.M. Fitchett, 2018: Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(7), 742–759.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1366">Nurse, L.A. et al., 2014: Small islands. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea and L L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1367">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1368">Hollowed, A.B. et al., 2013: Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 70(5), 1023–1037.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1369">Weatherdon, L.V. et al., 2016: Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: an update. Front. Mar. Sci., 3, 48.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1370">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2015: Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre Province, Mekong Delta. Clim. Change, 133(1), 69–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1371">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1372">Rouse, H. et al., 2017: Coastal adaptation to climate change in Aotearoa-New Zealand. New Zeal. J. Mar. Fresh., 51(2), 183–222.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1373">Keim, M.E., 2010: Sea level-rise disaster in Micronesia: sentinel event for climate change? Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., 4(1), 81–87.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1374">Marzeion, B., J.G. Cogley, K. Richter and D. Parkes, 2014: Attribution of global glacier mass loss to anthropogenic and natural causes. Science, 345(6199), 919–921.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1375">Fatorić, S. and E. Seekamp, 2017a: Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review. Clim. Change, 142(1–2), 227–254.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1376">Karlsson, M. and G.K. Hovelsrud, 2015: Local collective action: Adaptation to coastal erosion in the Monkey River Village, Belize. Global Environ. Chang., 32, 96–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1377">Maldonado, J.K., 2015: Everyday practices and symbolic forms of resistance: adapting to environmental change in coastal Louisiana. In: Hazards, Risks and Disasters in Society. Elsevier, pp. 199–216, ISBN: 978-0-12-396451-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1378">Fish, R., A. Church and M. Winter, 2016: Conceptualising cultural ecosystem services: a novel framework for research and critical engagement. Ecosyst. Serv., 21, 208–217.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1379">Fatorić, S. and E. Seekamp, 2017b: Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Land Use Policy, 68, 254–263.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1380">Graham, S. et al., 2013: The social values at risk from sea level rise. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 41, 45–52.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1381">Yamamoto, L. and M. Esteban, 2014: Atoll Island States and International Law Climate Change Displacement and Sovereignty. Springer, Berlin.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1382">Marino, E., 2012: The long history of environmental migration: Assessing vulnerability construction and obstacles to successful relocation in Shishmaref, Alaska. Global Environ. Chang., 22(2), 374–381.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1383">Maldonado, J.K. et al., 2013: The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: displacement, relocation, and human rights. Clim. Change, 120(3), 601–614.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1384">Aerts, J.C.J.H., 2017: Climate-induced migration: Impacts beyond the coast. Nat. Clim. Change. 7(5), 315–316.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1385">Allgood, L. and K.E. McNamara, 2017: Climate‐induced migration: Exploring local perspectives in Kiribati. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 38(3), 370–385.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1386">Davis, K.F., A. Bhattachan, P. D’Odorico and S. Suweis, 2018: A universal model for predicting human migration under climate change: examining future sea level rise in Bangladesh. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(6), 064030.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1387">McCarthy, J.J. et al., (eds.), 2001: Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1388">Smith, J.B. et al., 2001: Vulnerability to climate change and reasons for concern: a synthesis. Clim. Change, 913–967.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1389">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 151 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1390">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1391">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 151 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1392">Oppenheimer, M. et al., 2014: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities. In: Climate Chagne 2014 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, 1039–1099, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN: 9781107415379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1393">Gattuso, J.-P. et al., 2015: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science, 349(6243), aac4722.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1394">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 151 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1395">Oppenheimer, M. et al., 2014: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities. In: Climate Chagne 2014 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, 1039–1099, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN: 9781107415379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1396">Gattuso, J.-P. et al., 2015: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science, 349(6243), aac4722.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1397">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1398">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 151 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1399">Oppenheimer, M. et al., 2014: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities. In: Climate Chagne 2014 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, 1039–1099, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN: 9781107415379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1400">Brinke, T. et al., 2010: Contingency planning for large‐scale floods in the Netherlands. J. Contingencies Crisis Manage., 18 (1), 55–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1401">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1402">Hanson, S. et al., 2011: A global ranking of port cities with high exposure to climate extremes. Clim. Change, 104(1), 89–111.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1403">Xian, S., J. Yin, N. Lin and M. Oppenheimer, 2018: Influence of risk factors and past events on flood resilience in coastal megacities: comparative analysis of NYC and Shanghai. Sci. Total Environ., 610, 1251–1261.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1404">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1405">Gerritsen, H., 2005: What happened in 1953? The Big Flood in the Netherlands in retrospect. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., 363(1831), 1271–1291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1406">Jonkman, S., J. Vrijling and A. Vrouwenvelder, 2008: Methods for the estimation of loss of life due to floods: a literature review and a proposal for a new method. Nat. Hazards, 46(3), 353–389.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1407">Hartig, E.K. et al., 2002: Anthropogenic and climate-change impacts on salt marshes of Jamaica Bay, NYC. Wetlands, 22(1), 71–89.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1408">Hartig, E.K. et al., 2002: Anthropogenic and climate-change impacts on salt marshes of Jamaica Bay, NYC. Wetlands, 22(1), 71–89.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1409">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1410">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1411">Naylor, A. K., 2015: Island morphology, reef resources, and development paths in the Maldives. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 39(6), 728–749.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1412">McLean, R. and P. Kench, 2015: Destruction or persistence of coral atoll islands in the face of 20th and 21st century sea‐level rise? WiRes. Clim. Change, 6(5), 445–463.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1413">Quataert, E. et al., 2015: The influence of coral reefs and climate change on wave‐driven flooding of tropical coastlines. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(15), 6407–6415.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1414">Elliff, C.I. and I.R. Silva, 2017: Coral reefs as the first line of defense: Shoreline protection in face of climate change. Mar. Environ. Res., 127, 148–154.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1415">Storlazzi, C. et al., 2018: Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century due to sea level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding. Sci. Adv., 4(4), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1416">Wadey, M., S. Brown, R.J. Nicholls and I. Haigh, 2017: Coastal flooding in the Maldives: an assessment of historic events and their implications. Nat. Hazards, 89(1), 131–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1417">Yamano, H. et al., 2007: Atoll island vulnerability to flooding and inundation revealed by historical reconstruction: Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. Global Planet. Change, 57(3–4), 407–416.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1418">McCubbin, S., B. Smit and T. Pearce, 2015: Where does climate fit? Vulnerability to climate change in the context of multiple stressors in Funafuti, Tuvalu. Global Environ. Chang., 30, 43–55.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1419">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1420">Onaka, S. et al., 2017: Effectiveness of gravel beach nourishment on Pacific Island. In: Asian And Pacific Coast 2017: Proceedings Of The 9th International Conference On Apac 2017 [Suh, K.-D., E.C. Cruz and Y. Tajima (eds.)]. 651-662, World Scientific, London, UK.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1421">Naylor, A. K., 2015: Island morphology, reef resources, and development paths in the Maldives. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 39(6), 728–749.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1422">Bailey, R.T., A. Khalil and V. Chatikavanij, 2014: Estimating transient freshwater lens dynamics for atoll islands of the Maldives. J. Hydrol., 515, 247–256.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1423">Post, V.E. et al., 2018: On the resilience of small-island freshwater lenses: Evidence of the long-term impacts of groundwater abstraction on Bonriki Island, Kiribati. J. Hydrol., 564, 133–148.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1424">Government of the Maldives. Census 2014. [Available at: http://statisticsmaldives.gov.mv/census-2014/%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1425">McIver, L. et al., 2015: Climate change, overcrowding and non-communicable diseases: The ‘triple whammy’ of tuberculosis transmission risk in Pacific atoll countries. Annals of the ACTM: An International Journal of Tropical and Travel Medicine, 16(3), 57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1426">Duvat, V., 2013: Coastal protection structures in Tarawa atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Sustain. Sci., 8(3), 363–379.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1427">Field, C.R., A.A. Dayer and C.S. Elphick, 2017: Landowner behavior can determine the success of conservation strategies for ecosystem migration under sea level rise. PNAS, 114(34), 9134–9139, doi:10.1073/pnas.1620319114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1428">Pendleton, L. et al., 2016: Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? PLoS One, 11(11), e0164699.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1429">Perry, C. and K. Morgan, 2017: Bleaching drives collapse in reef carbonate budgets and reef growth potential on southern Maldives reefs. Sci. Rep., 7, 40581.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1430">Perry, C.T. et al., 2018: Loss of coral reef growth capacity to track future increases in sea level. Nature, 558(7710), 396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1431">Bailey, R.T., K. Barnes and C.D. Wallace, 2016: Predicting Future Groundwater Resources of Coral Atoll Islands. Hydrol. Process., 30(13), 2092–2105.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1432">Storlazzi, C. et al., 2018: Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century due to sea level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding. Sci. Adv., 4(4), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1433">Ericson, J.P. et al., 2006: Effective sea level rise and deltas: causes of change and human dimension implications. Global Planet. Change, 50(1–2), 63–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1434">Government of the Maldives. Census 2014. [Available at: http://statisticsmaldives.gov.mv/census-2014/%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1435">Smajgl, A. et al., 2015: Responding to rising sea levels in the Mekong Delta. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 167–174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1436">Hossain, M. ., M. Ahmed, E. Ojea and J.A. Fernandes, 2018: Impacts and responses to environmental change in coastal livelihoods of south-west Bangladesh. Sci. Total Environ., 637, 954–970.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1437">Ghosh, M.K., L. Kumar and P.K. Langat, 2018: Mapping tidal channel dynamics in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, between 1974 and 2017, and implications for the sustainability of the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Environ. Monit. Assess., 190(10), 582.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1438">Veettil, B.K. et al., 2018: Mangroves of Vietnam: Historical development, current state of research and future threats. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 218, 212-236.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1439">Quan, N.H. et al., 2018a: Conservation of the Mekong Delta wetlands through hydrological management. Ecol. Res., 33(1), 87–103.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1440">Rahman, M.M., Y. Jiang and K. Irvine, 2018: Assessing wetland services for improved development decision-making: a case study of mangroves in coastal Bangladesh. Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 26(4), 563–580.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1441">Auerbach, L. et al., 2015: Flood risk of natural and embanked landscapes on the Ganges–Brahmaputra tidal delta plain. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 153.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1442">Rahman, M.A. and S. Rahman, 2015: Natural and traditional defense mechanisms to reduce climate risks in coastal zones of Bangladesh. Weather and Climate Extremes, 7, 84–95.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1443">Ngan, L.T. et al., 2018: Interplay between land use dynamics and changes in hydrological regime in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Land use policy, 73, 269–280.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1444">Auerbach, L. et al., 2015: Flood risk of natural and embanked landscapes on the Ganges–Brahmaputra tidal delta plain. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 153.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1445">Rahman, M.A. and S. Rahman, 2015: Natural and traditional defense mechanisms to reduce climate risks in coastal zones of Bangladesh. Weather and Climate Extremes, 7, 84–95.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1446">Brown, S. et al., 2018b: What are the implications of sea level rise for a 1.5, 2 and 3° C rise in global mean temperatures in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and other vulnerable deltas? Reg. Environ. Change, 18(6), 1829–1842.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1447">Anthony, E. J. et al., 2015: Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities. Sci. Rep., 5, 14745, doi:10.1038/srep14745.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1448">Brown, S. and R. Nicholls, 2015: Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: the case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna. Sci. Total Environ., 527, 362–374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1449">Li, X., J.P. Liu, Y. Saito and V.L. Nguyen, 2017: Recent evolution of the Mekong Delta and the impacts of dams. Earth-Sci. Rev., 175, 1–17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1450">Anthony, E. J. et al., 2015: Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities. Sci. Rep., 5, 14745, doi:10.1038/srep14745.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1451">Brown, S. and R. Nicholls, 2015: Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: the case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna. Sci. Total Environ., 527, 362–374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1452">Li, X., J.P. Liu, Y. Saito and V.L. Nguyen, 2017: Recent evolution of the Mekong Delta and the impacts of dams. Earth-Sci. Rev., 175, 1–17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1453">Smajgl, A. et al., 2015: Responding to rising sea levels in the Mekong Delta. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 167–174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1454">Smajgl, A. et al., 2015: Responding to rising sea levels in the Mekong Delta. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 167–174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1455">Rogers, K.G. and I. Overeem, 2017: Doomed to drown? Sediment dynamics in the human-controlled floodplains of the active Bengal Delta. Elementa-Sci. Anthrop., 5(66), 1-15, doi:10.1525/elementa.250.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1456">Warner, J.F., M.F. van Staveren and J. van Tatenhove, 2018a: Cutting dikes, cutting ties? Reintroducing flood dynamics in coastal polders in Bangladesh and the netherlands. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 32, 106–112.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1457">Quan, N.H. et al., 2018a: Conservation of the Mekong Delta wetlands through hydrological management. Ecol. Res., 33(1), 87–103.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1458">Rahman, M.M., Y. Jiang and K. Irvine, 2018: Assessing wetland services for improved development decision-making: a case study of mangroves in coastal Bangladesh. Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 26(4), 563–580.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1459">Schmidt, C.W., 2015: Delta subsidence: an imminent threat to coastal populations. Environ Health Perspect, 123(8), A204-A209.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1460">Schmitt, R., Z. Rubin and G. Kondolf, 2017: Losing ground-scenarios of land loss as consequence of shifting sediment budgets in the Mekong Delta. Geomorphology, 294, 58–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1461">Brown, S. and R. Nicholls, 2015: Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: the case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna. Sci. Total Environ., 527, 362–374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1462">Brown, S. et al., 2018a: Quantifying Land and People Exposed to Sea‐Level Rise with No Mitigation and 1.5 and 2.0° C Rise in Global Temperatures to Year 2300. Earth’s Future, 6(3), 583–600.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1463">Dang, T.D., T.A. Cochrane and M.E. Arias, 2018: Future hydrological alterations in the Mekong Delta under the impact of water resources development, land subsidence and sea level rise. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 15, 119–133.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1464">Anthony, E. J. et al., 2015: Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities. Sci. Rep., 5, 14745, doi:10.1038/srep14745.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1465">Liu, J.P. et al., 2017a: Stratigraphic formation of the Mekong River Delta and its recent shoreline changes. Oceanography, 30(3), 72–83.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1466">Uddin, M.N. et al., 2019: Mapping of climate vulnerability of the coastal region of Bangladesh using principal component analysis. Appl. Geogr., 102, 47–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1467">Tran Anh, D., L. Hoang, M. Bui and P. Rutschmann, 2018: Simulating future flows and salinity intrusion using combined one-and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling—the case of Hau River, Vietnamese Mekong delta. Water, 10(7), 897.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1468">Vu, D., T. Yamada and H. Ishidaira, 2018: Assessing the impact of sea level rise due to climate change on seawater intrusion in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Water Sci. Technol., 77(6), 1632–1639.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1469">Rakib, M., J. Sasaki, H. Matsuda and M. Fukunaga, 2019: Severe salinity contamination in drinking water and associated human health hazards increase migration risk in the southwestern coastal part of Bangladesh. J. Environ. Manage., 240, 238–248.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1470">Jiang, Z. et al., 2018: Future changes in rice yields over the Mekong River Delta due to climate change—Alarming or alerting? Theor. Appl. Climatol., 127(1-2), 545-555.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1471">Timsina, J. et al., 2018: Can Bangladesh produce enough cereals to meet future demand? Agric. Syst., 163, 36–44.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1472">Nhung, T.T., P. Le Vo, V. Van Nghi and H.Q. Bang, 2019: Salt intrusion adaptation measures for sustainable agricultural development under climate change effects: A case of Ca Mau Peninsula, Vietnam. Clim. Risk Manage., 23, 88–100.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1473">Schmitt, R., Z. Rubin and G. Kondolf, 2017: Losing ground-scenarios of land loss as consequence of shifting sediment budgets in the Mekong Delta. Geomorphology, 294, 58–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1474">Mehvar, S. et al., 2019: Climate change-driven losses in ecosystem services of coastal wetlands: A case study in the West coast of Bangladesh. Ocean Coast. Manage, 169, 273–283.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1475">Mukul, S.A. et al., 2019: Combined effects of climate change and sea level rise project dramatic habitat loss of the globally endangered Bengal tiger in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. Sci. Total Environ., 663, 830–840.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1476">Forbes, D.L., 2011: State of the Arctic coast 2010: scientific review and outlook. Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone, Institute of Coastal Research.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1477">Ford, J., T. Bell and N. Couture, 2016a: Perspectives of Canada’s North Coast region. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Assessment of Canada’s Marine Coasts, [D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, T.S. James and C.S.L. Mercer Clarke; Government of Canada (eds.)], Ottawa, Canada, pp. 153–206.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1478">Marino, E., 2012: The long history of environmental migration: Assessing vulnerability construction and obstacles to successful relocation in Shishmaref, Alaska. Global Environ. Chang., 22(2), 374–381.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1479">Bronen, R. and F. S. Chapin, 2013: Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska. PNAS, 110(23), 9320–9325.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1480">Fang, Z., P.T. Freeman, C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2018: Reduced sea ice protection period increases storm exposure in Kivalina, Alaska. Arctic Science, 4(4), 525–537.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1481">Rolph, R.J., A.R. Mahoney, J. Walsh and P.A. Loring, 2018: Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations. Cryosphere, 12(5), 1779-1790.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1482">James, T. et al., 2015: Tabulated values of relative sea level projections in Canada and the adjacent mainland United States. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7942. doi:10.4095/297048.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1483">Forbes, D.L. et al., 2018: Coastal environments and drivers. In: From Science to Policy in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: An Integrated Regional Impact Study (IRIS) of Climate Change and Moderization [Bell, T. and T.M. Brown (eds.)]. ArcticNet, Quebec, pp. 210–249.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1484">Ford, J.D. et al., 2016b: Including indigenous knowledge and experience in IPCC assessment reports. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 349–353.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1485">Myers, S.L., Revkin, A.C., Romero, S., Krauss, C., 2005: Old ways of life are fading as the Arctic thaws. New York Times, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/20/science/earth/old-ways-of-life-are-fading-as-the-arctic-thaws.html</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1486">Lantuit, H. et al., 2011: Coastal erosion dynamics on the permafrost-dominated Bykovsky Peninsula, north Siberia, 1951–2006. Polar Res., 30(1), 7341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1487">Vanderlinden, J.-P. et al., 2018: Scoping the risks associated with accelerated coastal permafrost thaw: lessons from Bykovsky (Sakha Republic, Russian Federation) and Tuktoyaktuk (Northwest Territories, Canada). In: European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, Geophysical Research Abstracts 20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1488">Lamoureux, S. et al., 2015: The impact of climate change on infrastructure in the western and central Canadian Arctic. In: From Science to Policy in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic: an Integrated Regional Impact Study (IRIS) of Climate Change and Modernization [Stern, G.A. and A. Gaden (eds.)]. ArcticNet, Quebec, pp. 300–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1489">Ford, J., T. Bell and N. Couture, 2016a: Perspectives of Canada’s North Coast region. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Assessment of Canada’s Marine Coasts, [D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, T.S. James and C.S.L. Mercer Clarke; Government of Canada (eds.)], Ottawa, Canada, pp. 153–206.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1490">Bronen, R. and F. S. Chapin, 2013: Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska. PNAS, 110(23), 9320–9325.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1491">Lamoureux, S. et al., 2015: The impact of climate change on infrastructure in the western and central Canadian Arctic. In: From Science to Policy in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic: an Integrated Regional Impact Study (IRIS) of Climate Change and Modernization [Stern, G.A. and A. Gaden (eds.)]. ArcticNet, Quebec, pp. 300–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1492">Irrgang, A.M. et al., 2019: Impacts of past and future coastal changes on the Yukon coast—threats for cultural sites, infrastructure, and travel routes. Arctic Science, 5(2), 107–126.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1493">Pisaric, M.F. et al., 2011: Impacts of a recent storm surge on an Arctic delta ecosystem examined in the context of the last millennium. PNAS, 108(22), 8960–8965.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1494">Kokelj, S.V. et al., 2012: Using multiple sources of knowledge to investigate northern environmental change: regional ecological impacts of a storm surge in the outer Mackenzie Delta, NWT. Arctic, 257–272.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1495">Forbes, D.L., 2011: State of the Arctic coast 2010: scientific review and outlook. Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone, Institute of Coastal Research.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1496">Barnhart, K.R. et al., 2014b: Modeling erosion of ice‐rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 119(5), 1155–1179.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1497">Lamoureux, S. et al., 2015: The impact of climate change on infrastructure in the western and central Canadian Arctic. In: From Science to Policy in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic: an Integrated Regional Impact Study (IRIS) of Climate Change and Modernization [Stern, G.A. and A. Gaden (eds.)]. ArcticNet, Quebec, pp. 300–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1498">Fritz, M., J. E. Vonk and H. Lantuit, 2017: Collapsing arctic coastlines. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(1), 6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1499">Forbes, D.L., 2011: State of the Arctic coast 2010: scientific review and outlook. Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone, Institute of Coastal Research.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1500">Lantuit, H. et al., 2011: Coastal erosion dynamics on the permafrost-dominated Bykovsky Peninsula, north Siberia, 1951–2006. Polar Res., 30(1), 7341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1501">Barnhart, K., I. Overeem and R. Anderson, 2014a: The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts. The Cryosphere, 8(5), 1777–1799.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1502">Melvin, A.M. et al., 2017: Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation. PNAS, 114(2), E122–E131.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1503">Fang, Z., P.T. Freeman, C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2018: Reduced sea ice protection period increases storm exposure in Kivalina, Alaska. Arctic Science, 4(4), 525–537.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1504">Forbes, D.L., 2019: Arctic Deltas and Estuaries: A Canadian Perspective. Coasts and Estuaries. [Wolanski, E., Day, J., Elliott, M. and Ramachandran, R. (eds.)]. Elsevier, 123–147, ISBN 9780128140031.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1505">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1506">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1507">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1508">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1509">Nicholls, R.J., 2018: Adapting to Sea level Rise. In: Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change [Zommers, Z. and K. Alverson (eds.)]. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 13–29, ISBN: 978-0-12-811891-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1510">Coombes, M.A., E.C. La Marca, L.A. Naylor and R.C. Thompson, 2015: Getting into the groove: opportunities to enhance the ecological value of hard coastal infrastructure using fine-scale surface textures. Ecol. Eng., 77, 314–323.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1511">Trang, N.T.T., 2016: Architectural Approaches to a Sustainable Community with Floating Housing Units Adapting to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in Vietnam. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 10(2), 168–179.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1512">Nurse, L.A. et al., 2014: Small islands. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea and L L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1513">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1514">Wang, W., H. Liu, Y. Li and J. Su, 2014: Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 415–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1515">Donchyts, G. et al., 2016: Earth’s surface water change over the past 30 years. Nature Clim. Change, 6(9), 810–813, doi:10.1038/nclimate3111.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1516">Adger, W.N. et al., 2014: Human security. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea and L L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1517">Black, R. et al., 2013: Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes following extreme events. Environ. Sci. Policy, 27, S32–S43.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1518">Islam, M.R. and N.A. Khan, 2018: Threats, vulnerability, resilience and displacement among the climate change and natural disaster-affected people in South-East Asia: an overview. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 23(2), 297–323.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1519">McLeman, R., 2018: Thresholds in climate migration. Popul. Environ., 39(4), 319–338.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1520">Mortreux, C. et al., 2018: Political economy of planned relocation: A model of action and inaction in government responses. Global Environ. Chang., 50, 123–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1521">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1522">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1523">Mortreux, C. et al., 2018: Political economy of planned relocation: A model of action and inaction in government responses. Global Environ. Chang., 50, 123–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1524">Krauss, K.W. et al., 2009: Water level observations in mangrove swamps during two hurricanes in Florida. Wetlands, 29, 142–149.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1525">Zhang, K. et al., 2012: The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 102, 11–23.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1526">Vuik, V. et al., 2015: Nature-based flood protection: the efficiency of vegetated foreshores in reducing wave run-up. In: Proceedings of the 36th IAHR World Congr, 36, 1–7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1527">Rupprecht, F. et al., 2017: Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions. Ecol. Eng., 100, 301–315.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1528">Shepard, C.C., C.M. Crain and M.W. Beck, 2011: The protective role of coastal marshes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6(11), e27374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1529">Shepard, C.C., C.M. Crain and M.W. Beck, 2011: The protective role of coastal marshes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6(11), e27374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1530">McIvor, A., I. Möller, T. Spencer and M. Spalding, 2012a: Reduction of wind and swell waves by mangroves (Natural Coastal Protection Series: Report 1. Cambridge Coastal Research Unit Working Paper 40). The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International, Cambridge, UK, ISSN: 2050-7941, pp. 27.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1531">McIvor, A., T. Spencer, I. Möller and M. Spalding, 2012b: Storm surge reduction by mangroves. Natural Coastal Protection Series, Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Conservancy, T.N. and W. International [Available at: https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/crr/library/Documents/storm-surge-reduction-by-mangroves-report.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1532">Cheong, S.-M. et al., 2013: Coastal adaptation with ecological engineering. Nature Clim. Change, 3, 787–791.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1533">McIvor, A., T. Spencer, I. Möller and M. Spalding, 2013: The response of mangrove soil surface elevation to sea level rise. Natural Coastal Protection Series, Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Conservancy, T. N. and W. International [Available at: https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/crr/library/Documents/mangrove-surface-elevation-and-sea level-rise.pdf]. Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1534">Spalding, M. et al., 2014: Coastal ecosystems: a critical element of risk reduction. Conserv. Lett., 7(3), 293–301.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1535">Bridges, T., Wagner, P.W., Burks-Copes, K.A., Bates, M.E., Collier, Z.A., Fischenich, C.J., Gailani, J.Z., Leuck, L.D., Piercy, C.D., Rosati, J.D., Russo, E.J., Shafer, D.J., Suedel, B.C., Vuxton, E.A., Wamsley, T. V., 2015: Use of Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for Coastal Resilience, North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study: Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk. US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA, 412 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1536">Pontee, N., S. Narayan, M.W. Beck and A.H. Hosking, 2016: Nature-based solutions: lessons from around the world. Maritime Engineering, 169(1), 29–36.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1537">Nicholls, R.J., N.J. Cooper and I.H. Townend, 2007: The management of coastal flooding and erosion. In: Future flooding and coastal erosion risks [Thorne, C. (ed.)]. Thomas Telford, London, pp. 392–413, ISBN: 978-0-7277-3449-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1538">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1539">Donchyts, G. et al., 2016: Earth’s surface water change over the past 30 years. Nature Clim. Change, 6(9), 810–813, doi:10.1038/nclimate3111.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1540">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1541">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1542">Esteban, M. et al., 2019: Adaptation to sea level rise on low coral islands: Lessons from recent events. Ocean Coast. Manage, 168, 35–40.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1543">Nicholls, R.J., 2010: Impacts of and responses to sea‐level rise. In: Understanding sea level rise and variability, 17–51, [Church et al. (eds.)], Blackwell Publishing Ltd, West Sussex, UK, ISBN: 9781444323276.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1544">Nairn, R. et al., 1999: Coastal Erosion at Keta Lagoon, Ghana–Large Scale Solution to a Large Scale Problem. In: Coastal Engineering 1998 [Edge, B. L. (ed.)]. American Society of Civil Engineers, 3192–3205.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1545">Kates, R.W., C.E. Colten, S. Laska and S.P. Leatherman, 2006: Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: a research perspective. PNAS, 103(40), 14653–14660.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1546">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1547">Cooper, J., M. O’Connor and S. McIvor, 2016: Coastal defences versus coastal ecosystems: a regional appraisal. Mar. Policy.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1548">Raby, A. et al., 2015: Implications of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami on sea defence design. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 14, 332–346.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1549">JSCE, 2000: Design Manual for Coastal Facilities. Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, Toyko, 577 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1550">Dean, R.G., 2002: Beach Nourishment: Theory and Practice. World Scientific, Singapore, 420 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1551">Hanson, H. et al., 2002: Beach nourishment projects, practices, and objectives—a European overview. Coast. Eng. J., 47(2), 81–111.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1552">Cooke, B.C., A.R. Jones, I.D. Goodwin and M.J. Bishop, 2012: Nourishment practices on Australian sandy beaches: a review. J. Environ. Manage., 113, 319–327.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1553">Luijendijk, A. et al., 2018: The State of the World’s Beaches. Nature Sci. Rep., 8, 1-11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1554">Kabat, P. et al., 2009: Dutch coasts in transition. Nat. Geosci., 2(7), 450.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1555">Stive, M.J. et al., 2013: A new alternative to saving our beaches from sea level rise: The sand engine. J. Coast. Res., 29(5), 1001–1008.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1556">Fischetti, M., 2015: Is New Orleans Safer Today Than When Katrina Hit 10 Years Ago? Sci. American, [Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-new-orleans-safer-today-than-when-katrina-hit-10-years-ago/%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1557">USACE, 2011: Sea level Change Considerations for Civil Works Programs. Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineers, Washington, DC [Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20160519022621/http://www.corpsclimate.us/docs/EC_1165-2-212%20-Final_10_Nov_2011.pdf%5D .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1558">Nicholls, R.J., D. Lincke, J. Hinkel and T. van der Pol, 2019: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defence Through the 21st Century. World Bank, Group, W.B.G.S.D.P. [Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/pdf/WPS8745.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1559">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1560">Linham, M., C. Green and R. Nicholls, 2010: AVOID Report on the Costs of adaptation to the effects of climate change</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1561">Narayan, S. et al., 2016: The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences. PLoS One, 11(5), e0154735.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1562">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1563">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1564">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1565">Nicholls, R.J., D. Lincke, J. Hinkel and T. van der Pol, 2019: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defence Through the 21st Century. World Bank, Group, W.B.G.S.D.P. [Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/pdf/WPS8745.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1566">Tamura, M., N. Kumano, M. Yotsukuri and H. Yokoki, 2019: Global assessment of the effectiveness of adaptation in coastal areas based on RCP/SSP scenarios. Clim. Change, 152(3-4), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1567">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1568">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1569">Mooyaart, L. and S. Jonkman, 2017: Overview and Design Considerations of Storm Surge Barriers. J. Waterway Port Coast., 143(4), 06017001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1570">Mooyaart, L. and S. Jonkman, 2017: Overview and Design Considerations of Storm Surge Barriers. J. Waterway Port Coast., 143(4), 06017001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1571">Nicholls, R.J., N.J. Cooper and I.H. Townend, 2007: The management of coastal flooding and erosion. In: Future flooding and coastal erosion risks [Thorne, C. (ed.)]. Thomas Telford, London, pp. 392–413, ISBN: 978-0-7277-3449-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1572">Horikawa, K., 1978: Coastal Engineering. University of Tokyo Press, 402 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1573">USACE, 2002: Coastal Engineering Manual. Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA [Available at: http://www.plainwater.com/pubs/em/em-1110-2-1100-coastal-engineering-manual/%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1574">CIRIA, 2007: The Rock Manual: The Use of Rock for Hydraulic Engineering. C683, CIRIA, CUR and CETMEF, London.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1575">Kaneko, S. and T. Toyota, 2011: Long-term urbanization and land subsidence in Asian Megacities: an indicators system approach. In: Groundwater and Subsurface Environments [Taniguchi, M. (ed.)]. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 249–270, ISBN: 978-4-431-53904-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1576">Esteban, M. et al., 2019: Adaptation to sea level rise on low coral islands: Lessons from recent events. Ocean Coast. Manage, 168, 35–40.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1577">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1578">Bloetscher, F., B. Heimlich and D. E. Meeroff, 2011: Development of an adaptation toolbox to protect southeast Florida water supplies from climate change. Environ. Rev., 19, 397–417.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1579">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1580">Kaneko, S. and T. Toyota, 2011: Long-term urbanization and land subsidence in Asian Megacities: an indicators system approach. In: Groundwater and Subsurface Environments [Taniguchi, M. (ed.)]. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 249–270, ISBN: 978-4-431-53904-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1581">Aerts, J. et al., 2008: Aandacht voor veiligheid, leven met water, klimaat voor ruimte, dg water. VU, Amsterdam, Amsterdam.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1582">Olsthoorn, X., P. van der Werff, L.M. Bouwer and D. Huitema, 2008: Neo-Atlantis: The Netherlands under a 5-m sea level rise. Clim. Change, 91(1–2), 103–122.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1583">Gilbert, S., R. Horner, S. Gilbert and R. Horner, 1984: The Thames Barrier. Society of Civil Engineers, London, ISBN 978-0727701824.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1584">Burch, S., A. Shaw, A. Dale and J. Robinson, 2014: Triggering transformative change: a development path approach to climate change response in communities. Clim. Policy, 14(4), 467–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1585">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1586">Esteban, M. et al., 2019: Adaptation to sea level rise on low coral islands: Lessons from recent events. Ocean Coast. Manage, 168, 35–40.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1587">Jonkman, S.N. et al., 2013: Costs of adapting coastal defences to sea level rise—New estimates and their implications. J. Coast. Res., 290, 1212–1226.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1588">Lenk, S. et al., 2017: Costs of sea dikes–regressions and uncertainty estimates. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17(5), 765–779.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1589">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1590">Nicholls, R.J., D. Lincke, J. Hinkel and T. van der Pol, 2019: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defence Through the 21st Century. World Bank, Group, W.B.G.S.D.P. [Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/pdf/WPS8745.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1591">Environment Agency, 2015: Cost estimation for coastal protection – summary of evidence. Environment Agency, Bristol, UK, Report SC080039/R7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1592">Nicholls, R.J., N.J. Cooper and I.H. Townend, 2007: The management of coastal flooding and erosion. In: Future flooding and coastal erosion risks [Thorne, C. (ed.)]. Thomas Telford, London, pp. 392–413, ISBN: 978-0-7277-3449-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1593">Hinkel, J. et al., 2014: Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea level rise. PNAS, 111(9), 3292–3297.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1594">Tamura, M., N. Kumano, M. Yotsukuri and H. Yokoki, 2019: Global assessment of the effectiveness of adaptation in coastal areas based on RCP/SSP scenarios. Clim. Change, 152(3-4), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1595">Nicholls, R.J., D. Lincke, J. Hinkel and T. van der Pol, 2019: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defence Through the 21st Century. World Bank, Group, W.B.G.S.D.P. [Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/pdf/WPS8745.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1596">Linham, M., C. Green and R. Nicholls, 2010: AVOID Report on the Costs of adaptation to the effects of climate change</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1597">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1598">Mulder, J.P., S. Hommes and E.M. Horstman, 2011: Implementation of coastal erosion management in the Netherlands. Ocean Coast. Manage, 54(12), 888–897.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1599">Stive, M.J. et al., 2013: A new alternative to saving our beaches from sea level rise: The sand engine. J. Coast. Res., 29(5), 1001–1008.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1600">Environment Agency, 2015: Cost estimation for coastal protection – summary of evidence. Environment Agency, Bristol, UK, Report SC080039/R7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1601">Stalenberg, B., 2013: Innovative flood defences in highly urbanised water cities. In: Climate Adaptation and Flood Risk in Coastal Cities, [Aerts et al. (eds.)], 145–164. Earthscan, Oxon, UK, ISBN: 978-1-84971-346-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1602">van Loon-Steensma, J. and P. Vellinga, 2014: Robust, multifunctional flood defenses in the Dutch rural riverine area. Nat. Hazards Earth. Syst. Sci., 14(5), 1085–1098.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1603">Everard, M., L. Jones and B. Watts, 2010: Have we neglected the societal importance of sand dunes? An ecosystem services perspective. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 20(4), 476–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1604">Hinkel, J. et al., 2013a: A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea level rise: An application of DIVA. Global Planet. Change, 111, 150–158.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1605">Stive, M.J. et al., 2013: A new alternative to saving our beaches from sea level rise: The sand engine. J. Coast. Res., 29(5), 1001–1008.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1606">Masselink, G. and R. Gehrels, 2015: Coastal Environments and Global Change, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 432, ISBN: 9781119117261.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1607">Nicholls, R.J., R.J. Dawson and S.A. Day, (eds.), 2015: Broad Scale Coastal Simulation. Springer, London, UK, 395 pp., ISBN: 978-94-007-5257-3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1608">Lee, S.B., M. Li and F. Zhang, 2017: Impact of sea level rise on tidal range in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 122(5), 3917–3938.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1609">Pontee, N., 2013: Defining coastal squeeze: A discussion. Ocean Coast. Manage, 84, 204–207.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1610">Gittman, R.K. et al., 2016: Ecological consequences of shoreline hardening: a meta-analysis. BioScience, 66(9), 763–773.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1611">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1612">Welch, A., R. Nicholls and A. Lázár, 2017: Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions. Elem Sci Anth, 5(49), 1-18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1613">Burby, R.J., 2006: Hurricane Katrina and the paradoxes of government disaster policy: Bringing about wise governmental decisions for hazardous areas. Ann. Am. Acad. Political. Soc. Sci., 604(1), 171–191.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1614">Freudenburg, W.R., R.B. Gramling, S. Laska and K. Erikson, 2009: Catastrophe in the making: the engineering of Katrina and the disasters of tomorrow. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 201 pp., ISBN 978-1-59726-682-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1615">Erftemeijer, P.L. and R.R.R. Lewis III, 2006: Environmental impacts of dredging on seagrasses: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 52(12), 1553–1572.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1616">Erftemeijer, P.L., B. Riegl, B.W. Hoeksema and P.A. Todd, 2012: Environmental impacts of dredging and other sediment disturbances on corals: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 64(9), 1737–1765.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1617">Speybroeck, J. et al., 2006: Beach nourishment: an ecologically sound coastal defence alternative? A review. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 16(4), 419–435.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1618">Peduzzi, P., 2014: Sand, rarer than one thinks. Environ. Dev., 11, 208–218.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1619">Torres, A., J. Brandt, K. Lear and J. Liu, 2017: A looming tragedy of the sand commons. Science, 357(6355), 970–971.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1620">Roelvink, D., 2015: Addressing local and global sediment imbalances: coastal sediments as rare minerals. In: The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015 [Wang, P., J.D. Rosati and J. Cheng (eds.)]. World Scientific, London, UK, ISBN: 978-981-4689-97-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1621">Ekstrom, J.A. and S C. Moser, 2014: Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Urban Clim., 9, 54–74.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1622">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1623">González-Correa, J.M., Y.F. Torquemada and J.L.S. Lizaso, 2008: Long-term effect of beach replenishment on natural recovery of shallow Posidonia oceanica meadows. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 76(4), 834–844.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1624">Elrick-Barr, C., B.C. Glavovic and R. Kay, 2015: A tale of two atoll nations: A comparison of risk, resilience, and adaptive response of Kiribati and the Maldives. In: Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities. Bruce Glavovic; Michael Kelly; Robert Kay; Ailbhe Travers (eds). CRC Press, pp. 313–336, ISBN: 9780415464871.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1625">Ekstrom, J.A. and S C. Moser, 2014: Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Urban Clim., 9, 54–74.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1626">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1627">Mullin, M., M.D. Smith and D.E. McNamara, 2019: Paying to save the beach: effects of local finance decisions on coastal management. Clim. Change, 152(2), 275–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1628">Peduzzi, P., 2014: Sand, rarer than one thinks. Environ. Dev., 11, 208–218.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1629">Addo, K.A., 2015: Monitoring sea level rise-induced hazards along the coast of Accra in Ghana. Nat. Hazards, 78(2), 1293–1307.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1630">Betzold, C. and I. Mohamed, 2017: Seawalls as a response to coastal erosion and flooding: a case study from Grande Comore, Comoros (West Indian Ocean). Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1077–1087.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1631">Andersen, C.F., 2007: The New Orleans hurricane protection system: what went wrong and why: A report. [American</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1632">Nurse, L.A. et al., 2014: Small islands. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea and L L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1633">Dewan, C., A. Mukherji and M.-C. Buisson, 2015: Evolution of water management in coastal Bangladesh: from temporary earthen embankments to depoliticized community-managed polders. Water Int., 40(3), 401–416.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1634">Hallegatte, S., C. Green, R.J. Nicholls and J. Corfee-Morlot, 2013: Future flood losses in major coastal cities. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(9), 802.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1635">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1636">Diaz, D.B., 2016: Estimating global damages from sea level rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Change, 137 (1–2), 143–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1637">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1638">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1639">Schuerch, M. et al., 2018: Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea level rise. Nature, 561(7722), 231.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1640">Aerts, J.C.J.H. et al., 2014: Evaluating Flood Resilience Strategies for Coastal Megacities. Science, 344, 473–475, doi:10.1126/science.1248222.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1641">Scussolini, P. et al., 2017: Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: A Multidisciplinary Analysis for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Water Resourc. Res., 53, 10841–10857, doi:10.1002/2017WR021344.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1642">Rigall-I-Torrent, R. et al., 2011: The effects of beach characteristics and location with respect to hotel prices. Tourism Manage., 32(5), 1150–1158.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1643">Hinkel, J. et al., 2013a: A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea level rise: An application of DIVA. Global Planet. Change, 111, 150–158.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1644">Scussolini, P. et al., 2015: FLOPROS: an evolving global database of flood protection standards. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss, 3, 7275–309.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1645">Giri, C. et al., 2011: Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr, 20, 154–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1646">Mcowen, C.J. et al., 2017: A global map of saltmarshes. Biodiversity data journal, 5(e11764), 1-13.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1647">Wessel, P. and W.H. Smith, 1996: A global, self‐consistent, hierarchical, high‐resolution shoreline database. J. Geophys. Res-Earth, 101(B4), 8741–8743.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1648">Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, A. Perry, 2011: Reefs at Risk Revisited. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 130 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1649">Giri, C. et al., 2011: Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr, 20, 154–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1650">Mcowen, C.J. et al., 2017: A global map of saltmarshes. Biodiversity data journal, 5(e11764), 1-13.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1651">Spalding, M., M. Kainuma and L. Collins, 2010: World Atlas of Mangroves. Earthscan, London, UK, 336 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84407-657-4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1652">Giri, C. et al., 2011: Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr, 20, 154–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1653">Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, A. Perry, 2011: Reefs at Risk Revisited. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 130 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1654">Ferrario, F. et al., 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat. Commun., 5, 1–9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1655">Mcowen, C.J. et al., 2017: A global map of saltmarshes. Biodiversity data journal, 5(e11764), 1-13.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1656">Temmerman, S. et al., 2013: Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change. Nature, 504(7478), 79.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1657">Arkema, K.K. et al., 2015: Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature. PNAS, 112(24), 7390–7395.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1658">Epple, C. et al., 2016: Shared goals – joined-up approaches? Why action under the Paris Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 needs to come together at the landscape level. In: CBD COP 13, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, IIED code: G04113. [Available at: https://pubs.iied.org/G04113/%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1659">Beck, M.W. and G.M. Lange, 2016: Managing Coasts with Natural Solutions: Guidelines for Measuring and Valuing the Coastal Protection Services of Mangroves and Coral Reefs, The World Bank, Washington, DC, 166 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1660">Reid, H., 2016: Ecosystem-and community-based adaptation: learning from community-based natural resource management. Clim. Dev., 8(1), 4–9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1661">French, P.W., 2006: Managed realignment–the developing story of a comparatively new approach to soft engineering. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 67(3), 409–423.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1662">Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017: Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, Louisiana, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1663">Chung, C.-H., 2006: Forty years of ecological engineering with Spartina plantations in China. Ecol. Eng., 27, 49–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1664">Temmerman, S. et al., 2013: Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change. Nature, 504(7478), 79.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1665">Wong, P.P., 2018: Coastal Protection Measures–Case of Small Island Developing States to Address Sea level Rise. Asian Journal of Environment &amp; Ecology, 6(3), 1–14.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1666">Bilkovic, D., Mitchell, M., Peyre, M. La, Toft, J. , 2017: Living shorelines: the science and management of</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1667">Stewart, R., T. Noyce and H. Possingham, 2003: Opportunity cost of ad hoc marine reserve design decisions: an example from South Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 253, 25–38.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1668">Balmford, A. et al., 2004: The worldwide costs of marine protected areas. PNAS, 101(26), 9694–9697.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1669">Adams, V.M., M. Mills, S. D. Jupiter and R. L. Pressey, 2011: Improving social acceptability of marine protected area networks: A method for estimating opportunity costs to multiple gear types in both fished and currently unfished areas. Biol. Conserv., 144, 350–361.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1670">Hunt, C., 2013: Benefits and opportunity costs of Australia’s Coral Sea marine protected area: A precautionary tale. Mar. Policy, 39(352–260).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1671">Duarte, C.M. et al., 2013: The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 3(11), 961.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1672">Smith III, T.J. et al., 2009: Cumulative impacts of hurricanes on Florida mangrove ecosystems: sediment deposition, storm surges and vegetation. Wetlands, 29(1), 24–34.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1673">Puotinen, M. et al., 2016: A robust operational model for predicting where tropical cyclone waves damage coral reefs. Sci. Rep., 6, 26009.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1674">Gedan, K.B. et al., 2011: The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm. Clim. Change, 106(1), 7–29.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1675">Doswald, N. et al., 2012: Review of the evidence base for ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation to climate change. Environ. Evid., 1, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1676">Renaud, F.G., K. Sudmeier-Rieux, M. Estrella and U. Nehren, 2016: Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1677">Barbier, E.B. and B.S. Enchelmeyer, 2014: Valuing the storm surge protection service of US Gulf Coast wetlands. J. Environ. Econ. Policy, 3, 167–185.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1678">Möller, I. et al., 2014: Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions. Nat. Geosci., 7(10), 727.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1679">Rupprecht, F. et al., 2017: Vegetation-wave interactions in salt marshes under storm surge conditions. Ecol. Eng., 100, 301–315.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1680">Ferrario, F. et al., 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat. Commun., 5, 1–9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1681">Storlazzi, C. et al., 2017: Rigorously valuing the role of coral reefs in coastal protection: An example from Maui, Hawaii, USA. In: Coastal Dynamics 2017, Helsingør, Denmark, [Aagaard, T., R. Deigaard and D. Fuhrman (eds.)], pp. 665–674.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1682">Scyphers, S.B., S.P. Powers, K.L. Heck Jr and D. Byron, 2011: Oyster reefs as natural breakwaters mitigate shoreline loss and facilitate fisheries. PLoS One, 6(8), e22396.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1683">Infantes, E. et al., 2012: Effect of a seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) meadow on wave propagation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 456, 63–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1684">Narayan, S. et al., 2017: The Value of Coastal Wetlands for Flood Damage Reduction in the Northeastern USA. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 9463.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1685">Beck, M.W. et al., 2018: The global flood protection savings provided by coral reefs. Nat. Commun., 9(1), 2186.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1686">Reguero, B. et al., 2018a: Coral reefs for coastal protection: A new methodological approach and engineering case study in Grenada. J. Environ. Manage., 210, 146–161.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1687">Torres-Freyermuth, A. et al., 2018: On the assesment of detached breakwaters on a sea-breeze dominated beach. Coast. Eng. Proc., 1(36), 36.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1688">Lewis, R.R., 2001: Mangrove restoration-Costs and benefits of successful ecological restoration. In: Proceedings of the Mangrove Valuation Workshop, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Penang, Malaysia, Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, pp. 4–8.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1689">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1690">Aerts, J.C. et al., 2018a: Pathways to resilience: adapting to sea level rise in Los Angeles. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 1427(1), 1–90.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1691">Vuik, V., B.W. Borsje, P.W. Willemsen and S.N. Jonkman, 2019: Salt marshes for flood risk reduction: Quantifying long-term effectiveness and life-cycle costs. Ocean Coast. Manage, 171, 96–110.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1692">Aerts, J.C. et al., 2018a: Pathways to resilience: adapting to sea level rise in Los Angeles. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 1427(1), 1–90.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1693">Bayraktarov, E. et al., 2016: The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl., 26, 1055–1074.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1694">Gilman, E. and J. Ellison, 2007: Efficacy of alternative low-cost approaches to mangrove restoration, American Samoa. Estuaries Coasts, 30(4), 641–651.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1695">Bayraktarov, E. et al., 2016: The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl., 26, 1055–1074.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1696">Vuik, V., B.W. Borsje, P.W. Willemsen and S.N. Jonkman, 2019: Salt marshes for flood risk reduction: Quantifying long-term effectiveness and life-cycle costs. Ocean Coast. Manage, 171, 96–110.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1697">Bayraktarov, E. et al., 2016: The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl., 26, 1055–1074.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1698">Bayraktarov, E. et al., 2016: The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl., 26, 1055–1074.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1699">Aerts, J.C. et al., 2018a: Pathways to resilience: adapting to sea level rise in Los Angeles. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 1427(1), 1–90.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1700">Koch, E.W. et al., 2009: Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Front. Ecol. Environ., 7, 29–37.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1701">Loder, N., J.L. Irish, M. Cialone and T. Wamsley, 2009: Sensitivity of hurricane surge to morphological parameters of coastal wetlands. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 84(4), 625–636.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1702">Wamsley, T.V. et al., 2010: The potential of wetlands in reducing storm surge. Ocean Engineering, 37(1), 59–68.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1703">Pinsky, M.L., G. Guannel and K.K. Arkema, 2013: Quantifying wave attenuation to inform coastal habitat conservation. Ecosphere, 4(8), 1–16.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1704">Quataert, E. et al., 2015: The influence of coral reefs and climate change on wave‐driven flooding of tropical coastlines. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(15), 6407–6415.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1705">Krauss, K.W. et al., 2009: Water level observations in mangrove swamps during two hurricanes in Florida. Wetlands, 29, 142–149.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1706">Vuik, V. et al., 2015: Nature-based flood protection: the efficiency of vegetated foreshores in reducing wave run-up. In: Proceedings of the 36th IAHR World Congr, 36, 1–7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1707">Smith, K.M., 2006: Integrating habitat and shoreline dynamics into living shoreline applications. In: Management, Policy, Science, and Engineering of Nonstructural Erosion Control in the Chesapeake Bay, 9–11, Proceedings of the 2006 Living Shoreline Summit, Edgewater, MD, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1708">Stiles Jr, W.A., 2006: Living Shorelines: A Strategic Approach to Making it Work on the Ground in Virginia in Management, Policy, Science, and Engineering of Nonstructural Erosion Control in the Chesapeake Bay. In: Living Shoreline Summit, [Erdle, S.Y., J.L.D. Davis and K.G. Sellner (eds.)], CRC Press, Edgewater, MD, USA, pp. 99–105.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1709">Primavera, J.H. and J.M.A. Esteban, 2008: A review of mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines: successes, failures and future prospects. Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 16(5), 345–358.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1710">Bayraktarov, E. et al., 2016: The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl., 26, 1055–1074.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1711">Kodikara, K.A S. et al., 2017: Have mangrove restoration projects worked? An in-depth study in Sri Lanka. Restor. Ecol., 25(5), 705-716.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1712">Möller, I. and T. Spencer, 2002: Wave dissipation over macro-tidal saltmarshes: Effects of marsh edge typology and vegetation change. J. Coast. Res., 36(sp1), 506–521.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1713">Paul, M. and C. Amos, 2011: Spatial and seasonal variation in wave attenuation over Zostera noltii. J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 116(C8).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1714">Schoutens, K. et al., 2019: How effective are tidal marshes as nature‐based shoreline protection throughout seasons? Limnol. Oceanogr, 64, 1750-1762.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1715">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2007: Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification. Science, 80(318).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1716">Lovelock, C.E. et al., 2015: The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea level rise. Nature, 526(7574), 559–563.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1717">Crosby, S.C. et al., 2016: Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea level rise. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 181, 93–99.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1718">Albert, S. et al., 2017: Winners and losers as mangrove, coral and seagrass ecosystems respond to sea level rise in Solomon Islands. Environ. Res. Lett., 12(9), 2–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1719">Mazda, Y., M. Magi, M. Kogo and P.N. Hong, 1997: Mangroves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tong King delta, Vietnam. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 1(2), 127–135.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1720">Reguero, B. et al., 2018a: Coral reefs for coastal protection: A new methodological approach and engineering case study in Grenada. J. Environ. Manage., 210, 146–161.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1721">Siikamäki, J., J.N. Sanchirico and S.L. Jardine, 2012: Global economic potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from mangrove loss. PNAS, 109(36), 14369–14374.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1722">Hamilton, S.E. and D.A. Friess, 2018: Global carbon stocks and potential emissions due to mangrove deforestation from 2000 to 2012. Nature Clim. Change, 8(3), 240–244.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1723">Carr, L. and R. Mendelsohn, 2003: Valuing Coral Reefs: A Travel Cost Analysis of the Great Barrier Reef. AMBIO, 32, 353–357.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1724">Spalding, M. et al., 2017: Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism. Mar. Policy, 82, 104–113.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1725">Carrasquilla-Henao, M. and F. Juanes, 2017: Mangroves enhance local fisheries catches: a global meta-analysis. Fish Fish., 18, 79–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1726">Taylor, M.D., T.F. Gaston and V. Raoult, 2018: The economic value of fisheries harvest supported by saltmarsh and mangrove productivity in two Australian estuaries. Ecol. Indic., 84, 701–709.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1727">Coen, L.D. et al., 2007: Ecosystem services related to oyster restoration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 341, 303–307.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1728">Lamb, J.B. et al., 2017: Seagrass ecosystems reduce exposure to bacterial pathogens of humans, fishes, and invertebrates. Science, 355, 731–733.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1729">Hussain, S.A. and R. Badola, 2010: Valuing mangrove benefits: contribution of mangrove forests to local livelihoods in Bhitarkanika Conservation Area, East Coast of India. Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 18, 321–331.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1730">Uddin, M.S., E.d.R. van Steveninck, M. Stuip and M.A.R. Shah, 2013: Economic valuation of provisioning and cultural services of a protected mangrove ecosystem: a case study on Sundarbans Reserve Forest, Bangladesh. Ecosyst. Serv., 5, 88–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1731">Scyphers, S.B., J.S. Picou and S.P. Powers, 2015: Participatory conservation of coastal habitats: the importance of understanding homeowner decision making to mitigate cascading shoreline degradation. Conserv. Lett., 8(1), 41–49.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1732">Sutton-Grier, A.E., K. Wowk and H. Bamford, 2015: Future of our coasts: the potential for natural and hybrid infrastructure to enhance the resilience of our coastal communities, economies and ecosystems. Environ. Sci. Policy, 51, 137–148.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1733">Dasgupta, S. et al., 2019: Quantifying the protective capacity of mangroves from storm surges in coastal Bangladesh. PLoS One, 14(3), e0214079.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1734">Marsooli, R., P.M. Orton, N. Georgas and A.F. Blumberg, 2016: Three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of coastal flood mitigation by wetlands. Coast. Eng. J., 111, 83–94.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1735">Roeber, V. and J.D. Bricker, 2015: Destructive tsunami-like wave generated by surf beat over a coral reef during Typhoon Haiyan. Nat. Commun., 6, 7854.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1736">Bilkovic, D., Mitchell, M., Peyre, M. La, Toft, J. , 2017: Living shorelines: the science and management of</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1737">Borges, A. et al., 2009: Convenient solutions to an inconvenient truth: Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1738">Government of India, 2018: Draft Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2018. New Delhi, India. [Available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Draft%20Coastal%20Regulation%20Zone%20Notification,%202018.pdf%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1739">Maryland DEP, 2013: New Tidal Wetland Regulations for Living Shorelines. 1-10. Available at: https://mde.state.md.us/programs/Water/WetlandsandWaterways/Documents/www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/wetlandswaterways/Living%20Shoreline%20Regulations.Final.Effective%2002-04-13.pdf</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1740">Colgan, C.S., M.W. Beck and S. Narayan, 2017: Financing Natural Infrastructure for Coastal Flood Damage Reduction. Lloyd’s Tercentenary Research Foundation, London.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1741">Sutton-Grier, A.E. et al., 2018: Investing in Natural and Nature-Based Infrastructure: Building Better Along Our Coasts. Sustainability, 10(2), 523.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1742">FEMA, 2015: Hazard Mitigation Assistance Guidance. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program, and Flood Mitigation Assistance Program, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1424983165449-38f5dfc69c0bd4ea8a161e8bb7b79553/HMA_Guidance_022715_508.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1743">Hardaway Jr, C.S. and K. Duhring, 2010: Living Shoreline Design Guidelines for Shore Protection in Virginia’s Estuarine Environments Verson 1.2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia [Available at: https://www.vims.edu/research/departments/physical/programs/ssp/_docs/living_shorelines_guidelines.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1744">Bridges, T., J. Simm, N. Pontee and J. Guy, 2018: International guidance on use of natural and nature-based features in flood and coastal management. [Available at: https: https://ewn.el.erdc.dren.mil/nnbf-guidelines.html.%5D Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1745">Reguero, B.G. et al., 2018b: Comparing the cost effectiveness of nature-based and coastal adaptation: A case study from the Gulf Coast of the United States. PLoS One, 13(4), e0192132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1746">Wang, W., H. Liu, Y. Li and J. Su, 2014: Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 415–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1747">Wang, W., H. Liu, Y. Li and J. Su, 2014: Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 415–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1748">Donchyts, G. et al., 2016: Earth’s surface water change over the past 30 years. Nature Clim. Change, 6(9), 810–813, doi:10.1038/nclimate3111.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1749">Sengupta, D., R. Chen and M.E. Meadows, 2018: Building beyond land: An overview of coastal land reclamation in 16 global megacities. Appl. Geogr., 90, 229–238.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1750">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1751">Linham, M., C. Green and R. Nicholls, 2010: AVOID Report on the Costs of adaptation to the effects of climate change</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1752">RIBA and ICE, 2010: Facing-up to rising sea levels. Retreat? Defend? Attack?, Royal Institute of British Architects; Institution of Civil Engineers, London [Available at: https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/1969.3/29265/Facing_Up_To_Rising_Sea_Levels.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%5D .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1753">Nicholls, R.J., 2018: Adapting to Sea level Rise. In: Resilience: The Science of Adaptation to Climate Change [Zommers, Z. and K. Alverson (eds.)]. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 13–29, ISBN: 978-0-12-811891-7.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1754">Li, Y. et al., 2014: Coastal wetland loss and environmental change due to rapid urban expansion in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. Reg. Environ. Change, 14(3), 1175–1188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1755">Nadzir, N.M., M. Ibrahim and M. Mansor, 2014: Impacts of coastal reclamation to the quality of life: Tanjung Tokong community, Penang. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 159–168.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1756">Wang, W., H. Liu, Y. Li and J. Su, 2014: Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 415–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1757">Chee, S.Y. et al., 2017: Land reclamation and artificial islands: Walking the tightrope between development and conservation. Global Ecol. Conserv., 12, 80–95, doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2017.08.005.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1758">Wang, W., H. Liu, Y. Li and J. Su, 2014: Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 415–425.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1759">Moores, N., D.I. Rogers, K. Rogers and P.M. Hansbro, 2016: Reclamation of tidal flats and shorebird declines in Saemangeum and elsewhere in the Republic of Korea. Emu., 116(2), 136–146.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1760">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Mobilizing private finance for coastal adaptation: A literature review. WiRes. Clim. Change, 9(3), e514.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1761">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Mobilizing private finance for coastal adaptation: A literature review. WiRes. Clim. Change, 9(3), e514.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1762">Trang, N.T.T., 2016: Architectural Approaches to a Sustainable Community with Floating Housing Units Adapting to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in Vietnam. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 10(2), 168–179.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1763">Musa, Z.N., I. Popescu and A. Mynett, 2016: Assessing the sustainability of local resilience practices against sea level rise impacts on the lower Niger delta. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 221–228.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1764">Munji, C.A. et al., 2013: Vulnerability to coastal flooding and response strategies: the case of settlements in Cameroon mangrove forests. Environ. Dev., 5, 54–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1765">Buchori, I. et al., 2018: Adaptation to coastal flooding and inundation: Mitigations and migration pattern in Semarang City, Indonesia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 163, 445–455.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1766">Garschagen, M., 2015: Risky change? Vietnam’s urban flood risk governance between climate dynamics and transformation. Pac. Aff., 88(3), 599–621.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1767">Chan, F. et al., 2018: Towards resilient flood risk management for Asian coastal cities: Lessons learned from Hong Kong and Singapore. J. Clean. Prod., 187, 576–589.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1768">Musa, Z.N., I. Popescu and A. Mynett, 2016: Assessing the sustainability of local resilience practices against sea level rise impacts on the lower Niger delta. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 221–228.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1769">Irfanullah, H., A.K. Azad, Kamruzzaman and A. Wahed, 2011: Floating Gardening in Bangladesh: a means to rebuild lives after devastating flood. Indian J. Tradit. Know., 10(1), 31–38.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1770">ADPC, 2005: Handbook on Design and Construction of Housing for Flood-prone Rural Areas of Bangladesh. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center [Available at: https://www.adpc.net/igo/category/ID189/doc/2013-p74Wob-ADPC-handbook_complete-b.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1771">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1772">Nilubon, P., W. Veerbeek and C. Zevenbergen, 2016: Amphibious Architecture and Design: A Catalyst of Opportunistic Adaptation?–Case Study Bangkok. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 470–480.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1773">FEMA, 2014: Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting P-312. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1774">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2015: Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre Province, Mekong Delta. Clim. Change, 133(1), 69–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1775">Renaud, F.G. et al., 2015: Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre Province, Mekong Delta. Clim. Change, 133(1), 69–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1776">Xie, W. et al., 2017: Effects of straw application on coastal saline topsoil salinity and wheat yield trend. Soil Tillage Res., 169, 1–6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1777">Rumanti, I.A. et al., 2018: Development of tolerant rice varieties for stress-prone ecosystems in the coastal deltas of Indonesia. Field Crops Research, 223, 75–82.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1778">Murad, K.F.I. et al., 2018: Conjunctive use of saline and fresh water increases the productivity of maize in saline coastal region of Bangladesh. Agric. Water Manage., 204, 262–270.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1779">Butler, W.H., R.E. Deyle and C. Mutnansky, 2016b: Low-regrets incrementalism: Land use planning adaptation to accelerating sea level rise in Florida’s Coastal Communities. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 319–332.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1780">Seavitt, C., 2013: Yangtze river delta project. Scenario 03: Rethinking Infrastructure. Available at: https://scenariojournal.com/article/yangtze-river-delta-project/</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1781">Smajgl, A. et al., 2015: Responding to rising sea levels in the Mekong Delta. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(2), 167–174.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1782">Lauterjung, J. et al., 2017: 10 Years Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System: Experiences, Lessons Learned and Outlook [Lauterjung, J. and H. Letz (eds.)]. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany, 68 pp. [Available at: http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:2431901:13/component/escidoc:2469889/10_years_InaTEWS_2431901.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/201.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1783">Leal Filho, W. et al., 2018: Fostering coastal resilience to climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay: a cross-country comparison. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 23(4), 579–602.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1784">Sättele, M., M. Bründl and D. Straub, 2015: Reliability and effectiveness of early warning systems for Nat. Hazards: Concept and application to debris flow warning. Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety, 142, 192–202.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1785">Warner, K. et al., 2013: Changing climate, moving people: framing migration, displacement and planned relocation. UNU-EHS, Bonn. (Available at: https://i.unu.edu/media/migration.unu.edu/publication/229/Policybrief_8_web.pdf ). Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1786">Kreft, S., L. Schaefer, E. Behre and D. Matias, 2017: Climate Risk Insurance for Resilience: Assessing Countries Implementation Plans., United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany [Available at: https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:6321/MCII_DIE_171107_meta.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1787">Fernandez, R. and L. Schäfer, 2018: Impact evaluation of climate risk insurance approaches. Status quo and way forward. [Series, D.P. (ed.)]. United Nations University-Institute for Environment and Human Security, Bonn, Germany [Available at: https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:6699/Discussion_paper_MCII_Final_June_11_vs.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1788">Yuzva, K., W. W. Botzen, J. Aerts and R. Brouwer, 2018: A global review of the impact of basis risk on the functioning of and demand for index insurance. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 28, 845-853.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1789">Linh, L.H. et al., 2012: Molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. Int. J. Plant Genom, 2012, 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1790">Quan, R. et al., 2018b: Improvement of Salt Tolerance Using Wild Rice Genes. Front. Plant Sci., 8, 2269.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1791">Hoang, T.M.L. et al., 2016: Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice: challenges and opportunities. Agronomy, 6(4), 54.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1792">Kreft, S., L. Schaefer, E. Behre and D. Matias, 2017: Climate Risk Insurance for Resilience: Assessing Countries Implementation Plans., United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany [Available at: https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:6321/MCII_DIE_171107_meta.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1793">Aerts, J., 2018: A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water, 10(11), 1646.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1794">Aerts, J.C.J.H. et al., 2014: Evaluating Flood Resilience Strategies for Coastal Megacities. Science, 344, 473–475, doi:10.1126/science.1248222.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1795">Zhu, X., M. M. Linham and R. J. Nicholls, 2010: Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Erosion and Flooding. TNA Guidebook Series, Roskilde: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi [Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5699563/Technologies%20for%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation-Coastal%20Erosion%20and%20Flooding.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1796">FEMA, 2014: Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting P-312. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1797">Haque, U. et al., 2012: Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done? Bull. World Health Organ., 90, 150–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1798">Haque, U. et al., 2012: Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done? Bull. World Health Organ., 90, 150–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1799">Kunreuther, H., 2015: The role of insurance in reducing losses from extreme events: The need for public–private partnerships. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 40(4), 741–762.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1800">Zhu, X., M. M. Linham and R. J. Nicholls, 2010: Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Erosion and Flooding. TNA Guidebook Series, Roskilde: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi [Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5699563/Technologies%20for%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation-Coastal%20Erosion%20and%20Flooding.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1801">Biswas, S., M.A. Hasan and M.S. Inslam, 2015: Stilt Housing Technology for Flood Disaster Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh. Int. J. Res.Civ. Eng., 3, 1–6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1802">FEMA, 2014: Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting P-312. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1803">FEMA, 2014: Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting P-312. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1804">Zhu, X., M. M. Linham and R. J. Nicholls, 2010: Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Erosion and Flooding. TNA Guidebook Series, Roskilde: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi [Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5699563/Technologies%20for%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation-Coastal%20Erosion%20and%20Flooding.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1805">Hoggart, S. et al., 2014: The consequences of doing nothing: the effects of seawater flooding on coastal zones. Coast. Eng. J., 87, 169–182.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1806">Buhr, B. et al., 2018: Climate Change and the Cost of Capital in Developing Countries. UN Environment, UNEP Inquiry, Imperial College Business School Center for Climate Finance and Investment and SOAS [Available at: http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Climate_Change_and_the_Cost_of_Capital_in_Developing_Countries.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1807">Moritz Kramer, M.M., A. Petrov, B. Glass, 2015: Storm Alert: Natural Disasters Can Damage Sovereign Creditworthiness. Standard and Poor’s Financial Services LLC [Available at: https://unepfi.org/pdc/wp-content/uploads/StormAlert.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1808">Duus-Otterström, G. and S.C. Jagers, 2011: Why (most) climate insurance schemes are a bad idea. Environ. Politics, 20(3), 322–339.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1809">Parker, D.J., 2017: Risk Communication and Warnings, Risk Management, Response, Floods, Preparedness. Natural Hazard Science, doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1810">Scussolini, P. et al., 2017: Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: A Multidisciplinary Analysis for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Water Resourc. Res., 53, 10841–10857, doi:10.1002/2017WR021344.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1811">FEMA, 2018: 2017 Hurricane Season: FEMA After-Action Report. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., USA [Available at: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1531743865541-d16794d43d3082544435e1471da07880/2017FEMAHurricaneAAR.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1812">Zhu, X., M. M. Linham and R. J. Nicholls, 2010: Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Erosion and Flooding. TNA Guidebook Series, Roskilde: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi [Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5699563/Technologies%20for%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation-Coastal%20Erosion%20and%20Flooding.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1813">Pappenberger, F. et al., 2015: The monetary benefit of early flood warnings in Europe. Environ. Sci. Policy, 51, 278–291.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1814">Connell, J., 2012: Population Resettlement in the Pacific: lessons from a hazardous history? Austral. Geogr., 43(2), 127–142.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1815">Janif, S. et al., 2016: Value of traditional oral narratives in building climate–change resilience: insights from rural communities in Fiji. Ecol. Soc., 21(2), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1816">Perumal, N., 2018: “The place where I live is where I belong”: community perspectives on climate change and climate-related migration in the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Isl. Stud. J., 13(1), 45-64.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1817">Szabo, S. et al., 2016: Soil salinity, household wealth and food insecurity in tropical deltas: evidence from south-west coast of Bangladesh. Sustain. Sci., 11(3), 411–421.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1818">Call, M.A., C. Gray, M. Yunus and M. Emch, 2017: Disruption, not displacement: environmental variability and temporary migration in Bangladesh. Global Environ. Chang., 46, 157–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1819">Stojanov, R. et al., 2017: Local perceptions of climate change impacts and migration patterns in Malé, Maldives. Geogr. J., 183(4), 370–385.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1820">Nawrotzki, R.J. and J. DeWaard, 2016: Climate shocks and the timing of migration from Mexico. Popul. Environ., 38(1), 72–100.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1821">Nawrotzki, R.J., J. DeWaard, M. Bakhtsiyarava and J.T. Ha, 2017: Climate shocks and rural-urban migration in Mexico: exploring nonlinearities and thresholds. Clim. Change, 140(2), 243–258.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1822">Marino, E. and H. Lazrus, 2015: Migration or forced displacement?: the complex choices of climate change and disaster migrants in Shishmaref, Alaska and Nanumea, Tuvalu. Hum. Organ., (2015), 341–350.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1823">Hamilton, L.C. et al., 2016: Climigration? Population and climate change in Arctic Alaska. Popul. Environ., 38(2), 115–133.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1824">Gray, C. and E. Wise, 2016: Country-specific effects of climate variability on human migration. Clim. Change, 135(3–4), 555–568.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1825">Hauer, M.E., R.D. Hardy, D.R. Mishra and J.S. Pippin, 2018: No landward movement: examining 80 years of population migration and shoreline change in Louisiana. Popul. Environ., 40(4), 1–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1826">Adger, W.N. et al., 2015: Focus on environmental risks and migration: causes and consequences. Environ. Res. Lett., 10(6), 1–6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1827">Black, R. et al., 2011: The effect of environmental change on human migration. Global Environ. Chang., 21, S3–S11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1828">Koubi, V., G. Spilker, L. Schaffer and T. Böhmelt, 2016: The role of environmental perceptions in migration decision-making: evidence from both migrants and non-migrants in five developing countries. Popul. Environ., 38(2), 134–163.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1829">Bettini, G. and G. Gioli, 2016: Waltz with development: insights on the developmentalization of climate-induced migration. Migration and Development, 5(2), 171–189.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1830">Milan, A. and S. Ruano, 2014: Rainfall variability, food insecurity and migration in Cabricán, Guatemala. Clim. Dev., 6(1), 61–68.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1831">Logan, J.R., S. Issar and Z. Xu, 2016: Trapped in Place? Segmented Resilience to Hurricanes in the Gulf Coast, 1970–2005. Demography, 53(5), 1511–1534.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1832">Call, M.A., C. Gray, M. Yunus and M. Emch, 2017: Disruption, not displacement: environmental variability and temporary migration in Bangladesh. Global Environ. Chang., 46, 157–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1833">Koubi, V., G. Spilker, L. Schaffer and T. Böhmelt, 2016: The role of environmental perceptions in migration decision-making: evidence from both migrants and non-migrants in five developing countries. Popul. Environ., 38(2), 134–163.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1834">Hunter, L.M., J.K. Luna and R.M. Norton, 2015: Environmental dimensions of migration. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 41, 377–397.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1835">McLeman, R., 2018: Thresholds in climate migration. Popul. Environ., 39(4), 319–338.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1836">IDMC, 2017: Global Report on International Displacement. International Displacement Monitoring Centre [Available at: http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017/#download%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1837">Islam, M.R. and N.A. Khan, 2018: Threats, vulnerability, resilience and displacement among the climate change and natural disaster-affected people in South-East Asia: an overview. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 23(2), 297–323.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1838">Warner, K. and T. Afifi, 2014: Where the rain falls: Evidence from 8 countries on how vulnerable households use migration to manage the risk of rainfall variability and food insecurity. Clim. Dev., 6(1), 1–17.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1839">Hunter, L.M., J.K. Luna and R.M. Norton, 2015: Environmental dimensions of migration. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 41, 377–397.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1840">Nawrotzki, R.J., J. DeWaard, M. Bakhtsiyarava and J.T. Ha, 2017: Climate shocks and rural-urban migration in Mexico: exploring nonlinearities and thresholds. Clim. Change, 140(2), 243–258.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1841">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1842">Mortreux, C. et al., 2018: Political economy of planned relocation: A model of action and inaction in government responses. Global Environ. Chang., 50, 123–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1843">McAdam, J. and E. Ferris, 2015: Planned relocations in the context of climate change: unpacking the legal and conceptual issues. Cambridge J. Intl &amp; Comp. L., 4, 137.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1844">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1845">Morrison, K., 2017: The Role of Traditional Knowledge to Frame Understanding of Migration as Adaptation to the “Slow Disaster” of Sea Level Rise in the South Pacific. In: Identifying Emerging Issues in Disaster Risk Reduction, Migration, Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Springer, pp. 249–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1846">Barbier, E.B., 2015: Hurricane Katrina’s lessons for the world. Nature, 524(7565), 285.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1847">Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017: Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, Louisiana, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1848">Bronen, R. and F. S. Chapin, 2013: Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska. PNAS, 110(23), 9320–9325.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1849">Maldonado, J.K. et al., 2013: The impact of climate change on tribal communities in the US: displacement, relocation, and human rights. Clim. Change, 120(3), 601–614.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1850">Albert, S. et al., 2018: Heading for the hills: climate-driven community relocations in the Solomon Islands and Alaska provide insight for a 1.5 C future. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 2261–2272.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1851">Hermann, E. and W. Kempf, 2017: Climate change and the imagining of Migration: Emerging discourses on Kiribati’s land purchase in Fiji. Contemp. Pac., 29(2), 231–263.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1852">Collins, N., S. Jones, T.H. Nguyen and P. Stanton, 2017: The contribution of human capital to a holistic response to climate change: learning from and for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(2), 230–242.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1853">Esteves, L.S., 2013: Is managed realignment a sustainable long-term coastal management approach? J. Coast. Res., 65(sp1), 933–939.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1854">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1855">Connell, J., 2012: Population Resettlement in the Pacific: lessons from a hazardous history? Austral. Geogr., 43(2), 127–142.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1856">Gray, C. and E. Wise, 2016: Country-specific effects of climate variability on human migration. Clim. Change, 135(3–4), 555–568.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1857">Janif, S. et al., 2016: Value of traditional oral narratives in building climate–change resilience: insights from rural communities in Fiji. Ecol. Soc., 21(2), 1-10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1858">Nawrotzki, R.J. and J. DeWaard, 2016: Climate shocks and the timing of migration from Mexico. Popul. Environ., 38(1), 72–100.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1859">Szabo, S. et al., 2016: Soil salinity, household wealth and food insecurity in tropical deltas: evidence from south-west coast of Bangladesh. Sustain. Sci., 11(3), 411–421.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1860">Call, M.A., C. Gray, M. Yunus and M. Emch, 2017: Disruption, not displacement: environmental variability and temporary migration in Bangladesh. Global Environ. Chang., 46, 157–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1861">Nawrotzki, R.J., J. DeWaard, M. Bakhtsiyarava and J.T. Ha, 2017: Climate shocks and rural-urban migration in Mexico: exploring nonlinearities and thresholds. Clim. Change, 140(2), 243–258.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1862">Kumari, R. et al., 2018: Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. Chapter 2., The World Bank, Washington, DC [Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/03/19/groundswell—preparing-for-internal-climate-migration%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1863">Hauer, M.E., 2017: Migration induced by sea level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(5), 321.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1864">Kumari, R. et al., 2018: Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. Chapter 2., The World Bank, Washington, DC [Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/03/19/groundswell—preparing-for-internal-climate-migration%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1865">Davis, K.F., A. Bhattachan, P. D’Odorico and S. Suweis, 2018: A universal model for predicting human migration under climate change: examining future sea level rise in Bangladesh. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(6), 064030.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1866">Desmet, K., D.K. Nagy and E. Rossi-Hansberg, 2018: The geography of development. J. Politic. Econ., 126 (3), 903–983.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1867">Kniveton, D.R., C.D. Smith and R. Black, 2012: Emerging migration flows in a changing climate in dryland Africa. Nat. Clim. Change, 2(6), 444.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1868">Millock, K., 2015: Migration and environment. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ., 7, 35-60.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1869">Buchanan, M.K., M. Oppenheimer and A. Parris, 2019: Values, bias, and stressors affect intentions to adapt to coastal flood risk: a case study from NYC. Weather, Climate, and Society, 11(4), 809–821.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1870">Bohra-Mishra, P., M. Oppenheimer and S.M. Hsiang, 2014: Nonlinear permanent migration response to climatic variations but minimal response to disasters. PNAS, 111(27), 9780–9785.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1871">Mueller, V., C. Gray and K. Kosec, 2014: Heat stress increases long-term human migration in rural Pakistan. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(3), 182.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1872">Regeneris Consulting, 2011: Coastal Pathfinder Evaluation: An Assessment of the Five Largest Pathfinder Projects Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Affairs, London. [Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69509/pb13721-coastal-pathfinder-evaluation.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1873">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1874">Lei, Y. et al., 2017: Using Government Resettlement Projects as a Sustainable Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change. Sustainability, 9(8), 1373.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1875">State of Louisiana, 2015: National Disaster Resilience Competition, Phase II Application. State of Louisiana, Louisiana</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1876">Suppasri, A. et al., 2015: A decade after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The progress in disaster preparedness and future challenges in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Maldives. Pure Appl. Geophys., 172(12), 3313–3341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1877">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1878">Hori, M. and M.J. Schafer, 2010: Social costs of displacement in Louisiana after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Popul. Environ., 31(1–3), 64–86.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1879">Gioli, G., G. Hugo, M.M. Costa and J. Scheffran, 2016: Human mobility, climate adaptation, and development. Migration and Development, 5(2), 165–170.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1880">Shayegh, S., J. Moreno-Cruz and K. Caldeira, 2016: Adapting to rates versus amounts of climate change: a case of adaptation to sea level rise. Environ. Res. Lett., 11(10), 104007.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1881">Hauer, M.E., 2017: Migration induced by sea level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(5), 321.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1882">Morrison, K., 2017: The Role of Traditional Knowledge to Frame Understanding of Migration as Adaptation to the “Slow Disaster” of Sea Level Rise in the South Pacific. In: Identifying Emerging Issues in Disaster Risk Reduction, Migration, Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Springer, pp. 249–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1883">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1884">Adams, H., 2016: Why populations persist: mobility, place attachment and climate change. Popul. Environ., 37(4), 429–448.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1885">Herath, D., R. Lakshman and A. Ekanayake, 2017: Urban Resettlement in Colombo from a Wellbeing Perspective: Does Development-Forced Resettlement Lead to Improved Wellbeing? J. Refug. Stud., 30(4), 554–579.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1886">Kura, Y., O. Joffre, B. Laplante and B. Sengvilaykham, 2017: Coping with resettlement: A livelihood adaptation analysis in the Mekong River basin. Land Use Policy, 60, 139–149.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1887">McNamara, K.E., R. Bronen, N. Fernando and S. Klepp, 2018: The complex decision-making of climate-induced relocation: adaptation and loss and damage. Clim. Policy, 18(1), 111–117.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1888">Wrathall, D.J. and N. Suckall, 2016: Labour migration amidst ecological change. Migration and Development, 5(2), 314–329.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1889">Scheffran, J., E. Marmer and P. Sow, 2012: Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa. Appl. Geogr., 33, 119–127.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1890">Werz, M. and M. Hoffman, 2015: Climate change, migration, and the demand for greater resources: challenges and responses. SAIS Rev. Int. Aff., 35(1), 99–108.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1891">McNamara, K.E., R. Bronen, N. Fernando and S. Klepp, 2018: The complex decision-making of climate-induced relocation: adaptation and loss and damage. Clim. Policy, 18(1), 111–117.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1892">Albert, S. et al., 2018: Heading for the hills: climate-driven community relocations in the Solomon Islands and Alaska provide insight for a 1.5 C future. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 2261–2272.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1893">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1894">Genovese, E. and V. Przyluski, 2013: Storm surge disaster risk management: the Xynthia case study in France. J. Risk Res., 16(7), 825–841.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1895">Ford, J.D., G. McDowell and T. Pearce, 2015: The adaptation challenge in the Arctic. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(12), 1046–1053.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1896">Nordstrom, K.F., C. Armaroli, N.L. Jackson and P. Ciavola, 2015: Opportunities and constraints for managed retreat on exposed sandy shores: Examples from Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Ocean Coast. Manage, 104, 11–21.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1897">Bukvic, A. and G. Owen, 2017: Attitudes towards relocation following Hurricane Sandy: should we stay or should we go? Disasters, 41(1), 101–123.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1898">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1899">Jamero, M.L. et al., 2017: Small-island communities in the Philippines prefer local measures to relocation in response to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 7(8), 581–586.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1900">Suppasri, A. et al., 2015: A decade after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The progress in disaster preparedness and future challenges in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Maldives. Pure Appl. Geophys., 172(12), 3313–3341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1901">Albert, S. et al., 2018: Heading for the hills: climate-driven community relocations in the Solomon Islands and Alaska provide insight for a 1.5 C future. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 2261–2272.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1902">Wilmsen, B. and M. Webber, 2015: What can we learn from the practice of development-forced displacement and resettlement for organised resettlements in response to climate change? Geoforum, 58, 76–85.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1903">Herath, D., R. Lakshman and A. Ekanayake, 2017: Urban Resettlement in Colombo from a Wellbeing Perspective: Does Development-Forced Resettlement Lead to Improved Wellbeing? J. Refug. Stud., 30(4), 554–579.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1904">Mortreux, C. et al., 2018: Political economy of planned relocation: A model of action and inaction in government responses. Global Environ. Chang., 50, 123–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1905">Nygren, A. and G. Wayessa, 2018: At the intersections of multiple marginalisations: displacements and environmental justice in Mexico and Ethiopia. Environmental Sociology, 4(1), 148–161.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1906">Goodwin-Gill, G. S. and J. McAdam, 2017: Climate Change Disasters and Displacement. UNHCR [Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/596f25467.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1907">Gemenne, F. and P. Brücker, 2015: From the guiding principles on internal displacement to the Nansen initiative: What the governance of environmental migration can learn from the governance of internal displacement. Int. J. Refug. Law, 27(2), 245–263.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1908">McAdam, J. and E. Ferris, 2015: Planned relocations in the context of climate change: unpacking the legal and conceptual issues. Cambridge J. Intl &amp; Comp. L., 4, 137.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1909">Lei, Y. et al., 2017: Using Government Resettlement Projects as a Sustainable Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change. Sustainability, 9(8), 1373.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1910">Mortreux, C. et al., 2018: Political economy of planned relocation: A model of action and inaction in government responses. Global Environ. Chang., 50, 123–132.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1911">Burson, B. and R. Bedford, 2015: Facilitating voluntary adaptive migration in the Pacific. Forced Migration Review, (49), 54.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1912">Farbotko, C., E. Stratford and H. Lazrus, 2016: Climate migrants and new identities? The geopolitics of embracing or rejecting mobility. Social &amp; Cultural Geography, 17(4), 533–552.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1913">Warner, K. et al., 2013: Changing climate, moving people: framing migration, displacement and planned relocation. UNU-EHS, Bonn. (Available at: https://i.unu.edu/media/migration.unu.edu/publication/229/Policybrief_8_web.pdf ). Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1914">Schade, J. et al., 2015: Climate change and climate policy induced relocation: a challenge for social justice. University Bielefeld, Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development. Available at: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/50741 .</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1915">McNamara, K.E., R. Bronen, N. Fernando and S. Klepp, 2018: The complex decision-making of climate-induced relocation: adaptation and loss and damage. Clim. Policy, 18(1), 111–117.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1916">Hino, M., C.B. Field and K.J. Mach, 2017: Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nat. Clim. Change.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1917">Gemenne, F. and J. Blocher, 2017: How can migration serve adaptation to climate change? Challenges to fleshing out a policy ideal. Geogr. J., 183(4), 336–347, doi:10.1111/geoj.12205.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1918">Nguyen, L.D., K. Raabe and U. Grote, 2015: Rural–urban migration, household vulnerability, and welfare in Vietnam. World Dev., 71, 79–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1919">Collins, N., S. Jones, T.H. Nguyen and P. Stanton, 2017: The contribution of human capital to a holistic response to climate change: learning from and for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(2), 230–242.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1920">Gemenne, F. and J. Blocher, 2017: How can migration serve adaptation to climate change? Challenges to fleshing out a policy ideal. Geogr. J., 183(4), 336–347, doi:10.1111/geoj.12205.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1921">Dovers, S.R. and A.A. Hezri, 2010: Institutions and policy processes: the means to the ends of adaptation. WiRes. Clim. Change, 1(2), 212–231.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1922">Foerster, A., A. Macintosh and J. McDonald, 2015: Trade-Offs in Adaptation Planning: Protecting Public Interest Environmental Values. J. Environ. Law, 27(3), 459–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1923">Giddens, A., 2015: The politics of climate change. Policy &amp; Politics, 43(2), 155–162.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1924">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1925">Dolšak, N. and A. Prakash, 2018: The politics of climate change adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 317–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1926">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1927">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1928">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1929">Chaffin, B. C. et al., 2016: Transformative environmental governance. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 41, 399–423.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1930">Klostermann, J. et al., 2018: Towards a framework to assess, compare and develop monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 23(2), 187–209.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1931">Runhaar, H. et al., 2018: Mainstreaming climate adaptation: taking stock about “what works” from empirical research worldwide. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(4), 1201–1210.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1932">Wong, P.P. et al., 2014: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, L.L. White, R.J. Nicholls and F. Santos (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 361–409.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1933">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2016: Governance of social dilemmas in climate change adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 354–359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1934">Oberlack, C., 2017: Diagnosing institutional barriers and opportunities for adaptation to climate change. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 22(5), 805–838.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1935">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Mobilizing private finance for coastal adaptation: A literature review. WiRes. Clim. Change, 9(3), e514.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1936">Roggero, M., A. Bisaro and S. Villamayor-Tomas, 2018a: Institutions in the climate adaptation literature: a systematic literature review through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(3), 423–448.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1937">Roggero, M. et al., 2018b: Introduction to the special issue on adapting institutions to climate change. Journal of institutional economics, 14(3), 409–422.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1938">Klein, R.J. et al., 2014: Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits. Constraints, 16, 4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1939">Klein, R.J. et al., 2014: Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits. Constraints, 16, 4.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1940">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1941">Biesbroek, G.R., J.E. Klostermann, C.J. Termeer and P. Kabat, 2013: On the nature of barriers to climate change adaptation. Reg. Environ. Change, 13(5), 1119–1129.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1942">Eisenack, K. et al., 2014: Explaining and overcoming barriers to climate change adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(10), 867–872.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1943">Eisenack, K. and R. Stecker, 2012: A framework for analyzing climate change adaptations as actions. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 17(3), 243–260.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1944">Barnett, J. et al., 2015: From barriers to limits to climate change adaptation: path dependency and the speed of change. Ecol. Soc., 20(3), 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1945">Lehmann, P. et al., 2015: Barriers and opportunities for urban adaptation planning: analytical framework and evidence from cities in Latin America and Germany. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 20(1), 75–97.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1946">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2016: Governance of social dilemmas in climate change adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 354–359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1947">Moser, S.C. and J.A. Ekstrom, 2010: A framework to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation. PNAS, 107(51), 22026–22031.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1948">Moser, S.C. and J.A. Ekstrom, 2010: A framework to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation. PNAS, 107(51), 22026–22031.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1949">Ekstrom, J.A. and S C. Moser, 2014: Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Urban Clim., 9, 54–74.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1950">Rosendo, S., L. Celliers and M. Mechisso, 2018: Doing more with the same: A reality-check on the ability of local government to implement Integrated Coastal Management for climate change adaptation. Mar. Policy, 87, 29–39.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1951">Thaler, T. et al., 2019: Drivers and barriers of adaptation initiatives–How societal transformation affects natural hazard management and risk mitigation in Europe. Sci. Total Environ., 650, 1073–1082.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1952">Biesbroek, G.R., C.J. Termeer, J.E. Klostermann and P. Kabat, 2014: Rethinking barriers to adaptation: Mechanism-based explanation of impasses in the governance of an innovative adaptation measure. Global Environ. Chang., 26, 108–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1953">Eisenack, K. et al., 2014: Explaining and overcoming barriers to climate change adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(10), 867–872.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1954">Wellstead, A., J. Rayner and M. Howlett, 2014: Beyond the black box: forest sector vulnerability assessments and adaptation to climate change in North America. Environ. Sci. Policy, 35, 109–116.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1955">Biesbroek, R. et al., 2015: Opening up the black box of adaptation decision-making. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(6), 493.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1956">Bisaro, A. and J. Hinkel, 2016: Governance of social dilemmas in climate change adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 354–359.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1957">Oberlack, C. and K. Eisenack, 2018: Archetypical barriers to adapting water governance in river basins to climate change. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(3), 527–555.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1958">Sieber, I.M., R. Biesbroek and D. de Block, 2018: Mechanism-based explanations of impasses in the governance of ecosystem-based adaptation. Reg. Environ. Change, 18(8), 2379–2390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1959">Biesbroek, R., J. Dupuis and A. Wellstead, 2017: Explaining through causal mechanisms: resilience and governance of social–ecological systems. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 28, 64–70.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1960">Peters, B.G., A. Jordan and J. Tosun, 2017: Over-reaction and under-reaction in climate policy: An institutional analysis. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 19(6), 612–624.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1961">Pot, W. et al., 2018: What makes long-term investment decisions forward looking: A framework applied to the case of Amsterdam’s new sea lock. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 132, 174–190.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1962">Hall, J.A. et al., 2019: Rising sea levels: Helping decision-makers confront the inevitable. Coastal Manage., 47(2), 1–24.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1963">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1964">Hall, J.A. et al., 2019: Rising sea levels: Helping decision-makers confront the inevitable. Coastal Manage., 47(2), 1–24.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1965">Kuklicke, C. and D. Demeritt, 2016: Adaptive and risk-based approaches to climate change and the management of uncertainty and institutional risk: The case of future flooding in England. Global Environ. Chang., 37, 56–68.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1966">Carlsson Kanyama, A., P. Wikman‐Svahn and K. Mossberg Sonnek, 2019: “We want to know where the line is”: comparing current planning for future sea level rise with three core principles of robust decision support approaches. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 62(8), 1339–1358.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1967">Cosens, B.A. et al., 2017: The role of law in adaptive governance. Ecol. Soc. 22(1), 1–30.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1968">Craig, R.K. et al., 2017: Balancing stability and flexibility in adaptive governance: an analysis of tools available in US environmental law. Ecol. Soc. 22(2), 1–3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1969">DeCaro, D.A. et al., 2017: Legal and institutional foundations of adaptive environmental governance. Ecol. Soc. 22(1), 1–32.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1970">Byrne, J.P., 2012: The cathedral engulfed: Sea level rise, property rights, and time. La. L. Rev., 73, 69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1971">Kuklicke, C. and D. Demeritt, 2016: Adaptive and risk-based approaches to climate change and the management of uncertainty and institutional risk: The case of future flooding in England. Global Environ. Chang., 37, 56–68.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1972">Cuevas, S.C., A. Peterson, C. Robinson and T.H. Morrison, 2016: Institutional capacity for long-term climate change adaptation: evidence from land use planning in Albay, Philippines. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(7), 2045–2058.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1973">Gibbs, M.T., 2016: Why is coastal retreat so hard to implement? Understanding the political risk of coastal adaptation pathways. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 107–114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1974">Yusuf, J.-E. et al., 2016: The sea is rising… but not onto the policy agenda: A multiple streams approach to understanding sea level rise policies. Environ. Plan. C., 34(2), 228–243.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1975">Yusuf, J.E., B. St. John III, M. Covi and J.G. Nicula, 2018b: Engaging Stakeholders in Planning for Sea Level Rise and Resilience. J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ., 164(1), 112–123.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1976">Araos, M. et al., 2017: Climate change adaptation planning for Global South megacities: the case of Dhaka. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 19 6), 682–696.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1977">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf and G.R. Biesbroek, 2017: Transformational change: governance interventions for climate change adaptation from a continuous change perspective. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 60(4), 558–576.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1978">Pinto, P.J., G.M. Kondolf and P.L.R. Wong, 2018: Adapting to sea level rise: Emerging governance issues in the San Francisco Bay Region. Environ. Sci. Policy, 90, 28–37.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1979">Clar, C., 2019: Coordinating climate change adaptation across levels of government: the gap between theory and practice of integrated adaptation strategy processes. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 61(11), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1980">Clar, C., 2019: Coordinating climate change adaptation across levels of government: the gap between theory and practice of integrated adaptation strategy processes. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 61(11), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1981">Cuevas, S.C., 2018: Institutional dimensions of climate change adaptation: insights from the Philippines. Clim. Policy, 18(4), 499–511.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1982">Chhetri, N., M. Stuhlmacher and A. Ishtiaque, 2019: Nested pathways to adaptation. Environ. Res. Commun., 1(1), 015001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1983">Clar, C., 2019: Coordinating climate change adaptation across levels of government: the gap between theory and practice of integrated adaptation strategy processes. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 61(11), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1984">Klein, J., R. Mäntysalo and S. Juhola, 2016: Legitimacy of urban climate change adaptation: a case in Helsinki. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(3), 815–826.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1985">Vij, S. et al., 2017: Climate adaptation approaches and key policy characteristics: Cases from South Asia. Environ. Sci. Policy, 78, 58–65.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1986">Jones, S. et al., 2019: Roads to Nowhere in Four States: State and Local Governments in the Atlantic Southeast Facing Sea level Rise. Colum. J. Envtl. L., 44, 67.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1987">Eriksen, S.H., A.J. Nightingale and H. Eakin, 2015: Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environ. Chang., 35, 523–533.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1988">Foerster, A., A. Macintosh and J. McDonald, 2015: Trade-Offs in Adaptation Planning: Protecting Public Interest Environmental Values. J. Environ. Law, 27(3), 459–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1989">Sovacool, B.K., B.-O. Linnér and M.E. Goodsite, 2015: The political economy of climate adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 616.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1990">Clark, P.U. et al., 2016: Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea level change. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(4), 360–369, doi:10.1038/nclimate2923.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1991">Gorddard, R. et al., 2016: Values, rules and knowledge: adaptation as change in the decision context. Environ. Sci. Policy, 57, 60–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1992">Adger, W.N., C. Butler and K. Walker-Springett, 2017: Moral reasoning in adaptation to climate change. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 371–390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1993">Holland, B., 2017: Procedural justice in local climate adaptation: political capabilities and transformational change. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 391–412.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1994">Dolšak, N. and A. Prakash, 2018: The politics of climate change adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 317–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1995">Lidström, S., 2018: Sea level rise in public science writing: history, science and reductionism. Environ. Commun., 12(1), 15–27.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1996">Matin, N., J. Forrester and J. Ensor, 2018: What is equitable resilience? World Dev., 109, 197–205.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1997">Paprocki, K. and S. Huq, 2018: Shrimp and coastal adaptation: on the politics of climate justice. Clim. Dev., 10(1), 1–3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1998">Sovacool, B.K., 2018: Bamboo beating bandits: Conflict, inequality, and vulnerability in the political ecology of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. World Dev., 102, 183–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r1999">Warner, J.F., M.F. van Staveren and J. van Tatenhove, 2018a: Cutting dikes, cutting ties? Reintroducing flood dynamics in coastal polders in Bangladesh and the netherlands. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduc., 32, 106–112.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2000">Anguelovski, I. et al., 2016: Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 333–348.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2001">Keenan, J.M., T. Hill and A. Gumber, 2018: Climate gentrification: from theory to empiricism in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(5), 054001.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2002">Sovacool, B.K., 2018: Bamboo beating bandits: Conflict, inequality, and vulnerability in the political ecology of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. World Dev., 102, 183–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2003">Sovacool, B.K., B.-O. Linnér and M.E. Goodsite, 2015: The political economy of climate adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 616.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2004">Coser, L.A., 1967: Continuities in the study of social conflict. Free Press, New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2005">Oberschall, A., 1978: Theories of social conflict. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 4(1), 291–315.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2006">Pruitt, D., J. Rubin and S.H. Kim, 2003: Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement (Third edition). McGraw-Hill Education, 316 pp, McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2007">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2008">Yusuf, J.-E. et al., 2016: The sea is rising… but not onto the policy agenda: A multiple streams approach to understanding sea level rise policies. Environ. Plan. C., 34(2), 228–243.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2009">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2010">Hinkel, J. et al., 2018: The ability of societies to adapt to twenty-first-century sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Change, 8(7), 570–578, doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0176-z.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2011">Eriksen, S.H., A.J. Nightingale and H. Eakin, 2015: Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environ. Chang., 35, 523–533.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2012">Foerster, A., A. Macintosh and J. McDonald, 2015: Trade-Offs in Adaptation Planning: Protecting Public Interest Environmental Values. J. Environ. Law, 27(3), 459–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2013">Mills, M. et al., 2016: Reconciling Development and Conservation under Coastal Squeeze from Rising Sea Level. Conserv. Lett., 9(5), 361–368.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2014">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf and G.R. Biesbroek, 2017: Transformational change: governance interventions for climate change adaptation from a continuous change perspective. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 60(4), 558–576.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2015">Sovacool, B.K., 2018: Bamboo beating bandits: Conflict, inequality, and vulnerability in the political ecology of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. World Dev., 102, 183–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2016">Sovacool, B.K., B.-O. Linnér and M.E. Goodsite, 2015: The political economy of climate adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 616.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2017">Byrne, J.P., 2012: The cathedral engulfed: Sea level rise, property rights, and time. La. L. Rev., 73, 69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2018">Busch, S.V., 2018: Sea Level Rise and Shifting Maritime Limits: Stable Baselines as a Response to Unstable Coastlines. Arctic Rev., 9, 174–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2019">Setzer, J. and L. Vanhala, 2019: Climate change litigation: a review of research on courts and litigants in climate government. WiRes. Clim. Change. 10(3), 1-19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2020">Lusthaus, J., 2010: Shifting sands: sea level rise, maritime boundaries and inter-state conflict. Politics, 30(2), 113–118.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2021">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2022">Moser, S.C., S. Jeffress Williams and D.F. Boesch, 2012: Wicked challenges at land’s end: Managing coastal vulnerability under climate change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 37, 51–78.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2023">Alford, J. and B.W. Head, 2017: Wicked and less wicked problems: a typology and a contingency framework. Policy and Society, 36(3), 397–413.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2024">Wright, L.D. and C.R. Nichols, (eds.), 2018: Tomorrow’s Coasts: Complex and Impermanent. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2025">Hall, J.A. et al., 2019: Rising sea levels: Helping decision-makers confront the inevitable. Coastal Manage., 47(2), 1–24.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2026">Lawrence, J. et al., 2015: Adapting to changing climate risk by local government in New Zealand: institutional practice barriers and enablers. Local Environ., 20(3), 298–320.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2027">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf, G. Breeman and S. J. Stiller, 2015: Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Adm. Soc., 47(6), 680–710.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2028">Hall, J.A. et al., 2019: Rising sea levels: Helping decision-makers confront the inevitable. Coastal Manage., 47(2), 1–24.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2029">Nunn, P.D., W. Aalbersberg, S. Lata and M. Gwilliam, 2014: Beyond the core: community governance for climate-change adaptation in peripheral parts of Pacific Island Countries. Reg. Environ. Change, 14(1), 221–235.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2030">Byrne, J.P., 2012: The cathedral engulfed: Sea level rise, property rights, and time. La. L. Rev., 73, 69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2031">Vidas, D., 2014: Sea level rise and international law: At the convergence of two epochs. Clim. Law, 4(1–2), 70–84.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2032">Reiblich, J. et al., 2019: Bridging climate science, law, and policy to advance coastal adaptation planning. Mar. Policy, 104, 125–134.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2033">Setzer, J. and L. Vanhala, 2019: Climate change litigation: a review of research on courts and litigants in climate government. WiRes. Clim. Change. 10(3), 1-19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2034">Carter, L., 2018: Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Aotearoa/New Zealand, 1–103, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, ISBN 978-3-319-96438-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2035">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2036">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2037">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2038">King, D. et al., 2016: Land use planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: Operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels. Int. J. Disaster Resilience Built Environ. 7(2), 158–172.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2039">Reiblich, J., L. Wedding and E. Hartge, 2017: Enabling and Limiting Conditions of Coastal Adaptation: Local Governments, Land Uses, and Legal Challenges. Ocean Coast. Law J., 22(2), 156-194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2040">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2041">Smith, G.P. and B.C. Glavovic, 2014: Conclusions: integrating Nat. Hazards risk management and climate change adaptation through Nat. Hazards planning. In: Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, pp. 405–450, NY, New York, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2042">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2043">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2044">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2045">Vella, K. et al., 2016: Voluntary collaboration for adaptive governance: the southeast Florida regional climate change compact. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 363–376.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2046">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2047">Vella, K. et al., 2016: Voluntary collaboration for adaptive governance: the southeast Florida regional climate change compact. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 363–376.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2048">Shi, L., E. Chu and J. Debats, 2015: Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 US municipalities. J. Am. Plan. Assoc., 81(3), 191–202.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2049">Vella, K. et al., 2016: Voluntary collaboration for adaptive governance: the southeast Florida regional climate change compact. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 363–376.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2050">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2051">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2052">Smith, G.P. and B.C. Glavovic, 2014: Conclusions: integrating Nat. Hazards risk management and climate change adaptation through Nat. Hazards planning. In: Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, pp. 405–450, NY, New York, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2053">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2054">Glavovic, B.C. and G.P. Smith, 2014: Adapting to climate change: Lessons from Natural Hazards planning. Springer, New York, NY, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0, 451 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2055">Shi, L., E. Chu and J. Debats, 2015: Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 US municipalities. J. Am. Plan. Assoc., 81(3), 191–202.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2056">Cuevas, S.C., A. Peterson, C. Robinson and T.H. Morrison, 2016: Institutional capacity for long-term climate change adaptation: evidence from land use planning in Albay, Philippines. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(7), 2045–2058.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2057">King, D. et al., 2016: Land use planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: Operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels. Int. J. Disaster Resilience Built Environ. 7(2), 158–172.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2058">Woodroffe, C.D. et al., 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 243–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2059">Suroso, D. S. A. and T. Firman, 2018: The role of spatial planning in reducing exposure towards impacts of global sea level rise case study: Northern coast of Java, Indonesia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 153, 84–97.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2060">Cuevas, S.C., 2018: Institutional dimensions of climate change adaptation: insights from the Philippines. Clim. Policy, 18(4), 499–511.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2061">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2062">Vella, K. et al., 2016: Voluntary collaboration for adaptive governance: the southeast Florida regional climate change compact. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 363–376.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2063">Woodroffe, C.D. et al., 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea level rise. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 243–266.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2064">Anguelovski, I. et al., 2016: Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 333–348.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2065">Kashem, S.B., B. Wilson and S. Van Zandt, 2016: Planning for climate adaptation: Evaluating the changing patterns of social vulnerability and adaptation challenges in three coastal cities. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 304–318.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2066">Berquist, M., A. Daniere and L. Drummond, 2015: Planning for global environmental change in Bangkok’s informal settlements. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 58(10), 1711–1730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2067">Amoako, C., 2016: Brutal presence or convenient absence: The role of the state in the politics of flooding in informal Accra, Ghana. Geoforum, 77, 5–16.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2068">Ziervogel, G., J. Waddell, W. Smit and A. Taylor, 2016b: Flooding in Cape Town’s informal settlements: barriers to collaborative urban risk governance. South African Geographical Journal, 98(1), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2069">Forester, J., 2006: Making participation work when interests conflict: Moving from facilitating dialogue and moderating debate to mediating negotiations. J. Am. Plan. Assoc., 72(4), 447–456.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2070">Smith, G.P. and B.C. Glavovic, 2014: Conclusions: integrating Nat. Hazards risk management and climate change adaptation through Nat. Hazards planning. In: Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, pp. 405–450, NY, New York, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2071">Anguelovski, I. et al., 2016: Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 333–348.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2072">Cuevas, S.C., A. Peterson, C. Robinson and T.H. Morrison, 2016: Institutional capacity for long-term climate change adaptation: evidence from land use planning in Albay, Philippines. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(7), 2045–2058.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2073">Sarzynski, A., 2015: Public participation, civic capacity, and climate change adaptation in cities. Urban Climate, 14, 52–67, doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2015.08.002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2074">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2075">Gorddard, R. et al., 2016: Values, rules and knowledge: adaptation as change in the decision context. Environ. Sci. Policy, 57, 60–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2076">Baker, S. and F.S. Chapin III, 2018: Going beyond “it depends:” the role of context in shaping participation in natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 23(1), 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2077">Yusuf, J.E., B. St. John III, M. Covi and J.G. Nicula, 2018b: Engaging Stakeholders in Planning for Sea Level Rise and Resilience. J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ., 164(1), 112–123.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2078">Arnstein, S. R., 1969: A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of planners, 35(4), 216–224.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2079">International Association for Public Participation, 2018: IAP2 Spectrum of Public Participation IAP2 International Federation, Australasia. [Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iap2.org/resource/resmgr/pillars/Spectrum_8.5x11_Print.pdf%5D . Accessed 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2080">Wu, J.S. and J.J. Lee, 2015: Climate change games as tools for education and engagement. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(5), 413.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2081">Rumore, D., T. Schenk and L. Susskind, 2016: Role-play simulations for climate change adaptation education and engagement. Nat. Clim. Change, 6(8), 745.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2082">Webler, T. et al., 2016: Design and evaluation of a local analytic-deliberative process for climate adaptation planning. Local Environ., 21(2), 166–188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2083">Webler, T. et al., 2016: Design and evaluation of a local analytic-deliberative process for climate adaptation planning. Local Environ., 21(2), 166–188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2084">Kirshen, P. et al., 2018: Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Multi-Level Stakeholder Collaborative Urban Adaptation Planning for Extreme Events and Climate Risks—A Case Study of East Boston USA. Journal of Extreme Events, 5(02n03), 1850013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2085">Mehring, P., H. Geoghegan, H.L. Cloke and J. Clark, 2018: What is going wrong with community engagement? How flood communities and flood authorities construct engagement and partnership working. Environ. Sci. Policy, 89, 109–115.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2086">Nkoana, E., A. Verbruggen and J. Hugé, 2018: Climate change adaptation tools at the community level: An integrated literature review. Sustainability, 10(3), 796.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2087">Yusuf, J.-E. W. et al., 2018a: Participatory GIS as a Tool for Stakeholder Engagement in Building Resilience to Sea Level Rise: A Demonstration Project. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 52(2), 45–55.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2088">Uittenbroek, C.J., H.L. Mees, D.L. Hegger and P.P. Driessen, 2019: The design of public participation: who participates, when and how? Insights in climate adaptation planning from the Netherlands. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 1–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2089">Ziervogel, G., E. Archer van Garderen and P. Price, 2016a: Strengthening the knowledge–policy interface through co-production of a climate adaptation plan: leveraging opportunities in Bergrivier Municipality, South Africa. Environ. Urban., 28(2), 455–474.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2090">Mees, H.L., C.J. Uittenbroek, D.L. Hegger and P.P. Driessen, 2019: From citizen participation to government participation: A n exploration of the roles of local governments in community initiatives for climate change adaptation in the N etherlands. Environ. Policy Governance, 29, 198-208.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2091">Akerlof, K.L. et al., 2016: Risky business: Engaging the public on sea level rise and inundation. Environ. Sci. Policy, 66, 314–323, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.07.002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2092">Uittenbroek, C.J., H.L. Mees, D.L. Hegger and P.P. Driessen, 2019: The design of public participation: who participates, when and how? Insights in climate adaptation planning from the Netherlands. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 1–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2093">Kirshen, P. et al., 2018: Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Multi-Level Stakeholder Collaborative Urban Adaptation Planning for Extreme Events and Climate Risks—A Case Study of East Boston USA. Journal of Extreme Events, 5(02n03), 1850013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2094">Broto, V.C., E. Boyd and J. Ensor, 2015: Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 11–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2095">Schlosberg, D., L.B. Collins and S. Niemeyer, 2017: Adaptation policy and community discourse: risk, vulnerability, and just transformation. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 413–437.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2096">Barton, J.R., K. Krellenberg and J.M. Harris, 2015: Collaborative governance and the challenges of participatory climate change adaptation planning in Santiago de Chile. Clim. Dev., 7(2), 175–184.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2097">Cloutier, G. et al., 2015: Planning adaptation based on local actors’ knowledge and participation: A climate governance experiment. Clim. Policy, 15(4), 458–474.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2098">Sarzynski, A., 2015: Public participation, civic capacity, and climate change adaptation in cities. Urban Climate, 14, 52–67, doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2015.08.002.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2099">Serrao-Neumann, S. et al., 2015: Maximising synergies between disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: Potential enablers for improved planning outcomes. Environ. Sci. Policy, 50, 46–61.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2100">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2101">Chu, E., 2016a: The political economy of urban climate adaptation and development planning in Surat, India. Environ. Plan. C., 34(2), 281–298.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2102">Schlosberg, D., L.B. Collins and S. Niemeyer, 2017: Adaptation policy and community discourse: risk, vulnerability, and just transformation. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 413–437.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2103">Baker, S. and F.S. Chapin III, 2018: Going beyond “it depends:” the role of context in shaping participation in natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 23(1), 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2104">Kirshen, P. et al., 2018: Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Multi-Level Stakeholder Collaborative Urban Adaptation Planning for Extreme Events and Climate Risks—A Case Study of East Boston USA. Journal of Extreme Events, 5(02n03), 1850013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2105">Lawrence, J. et al., 2018: National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea level rise: Anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 82, 100–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2106">Mehring, P., H. Geoghegan, H.L. Cloke and J. Clark, 2018: What is going wrong with community engagement? How flood communities and flood authorities construct engagement and partnership working. Environ. Sci. Policy, 89, 109–115.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2107">Lawrence, J., R. Bell and A. Stroombergen, 2019: A Hybrid Process to Address Uncertainty and Changing Climate Risk in Coastal Areas Using Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis &amp; Real Options Analysis: A New Zealand Application. Sustainability, 11(2), 406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2108">Uittenbroek, C.J., H.L. Mees, D.L. Hegger and P.P. Driessen, 2019: The design of public participation: who participates, when and how? Insights in climate adaptation planning from the Netherlands. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 1–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2109">Callahan, K., 2007: Citizen participation: Models and methods. Int. J. Public Admin., 30(11), 1179–1196.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2110">Reed, M.S., 2008: Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review. Biol. Conserv., 141(10), 2417–2431.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2111">Newig, J. and O. Fritsch, 2009: Environmental governance: participatory, multi‐level–and effective? Environ. Policy Governance, 19(3), 197–214.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2112">Reed, M.S., 2008: Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review. Biol. Conserv., 141(10), 2417–2431.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2113">Newig, J. and O. Fritsch, 2009: Environmental governance: participatory, multi‐level–and effective? Environ. Policy Governance, 19(3), 197–214.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2114">Burton, P. and J. Mustelin, 2013: Planning for climate change: is greater public participation the key to success? Urban Policy Res., 31(4), 399–415.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2115">Schernewski, G., J. Schumacher, E. Weisner and L. Donges, 2018: A combined coastal protection, realignment and wetland restoration scheme in the southern Baltic: planning process, public information and participation. J. Coast. Conserv., 22(3), 533–547.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2116">Mehring, P., H. Geoghegan, H.L. Cloke and J. Clark, 2018: What is going wrong with community engagement? How flood communities and flood authorities construct engagement and partnership working. Environ. Sci. Policy, 89, 109–115.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2117">Brink, E. and C. Wamsler, 2019: Citizen engagement in climate adaptation surveyed: The role of values, worldviews, gender and place. J. Clean. Prod., 209, 1342–1353.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2118">Ziervogel, G., 2019: Building transformative capacity for adaptation planning and implementation that works for the urban poor: Insights from South Africa. Ambio, 48(5), 1–13.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2119">Bercovitch, J., V. Kremenyuk and I. W. Zartman, 2008: The SAGE handbook of conflict resolution. Sage, Great Britain, Cromwell Press Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4129-2192-3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2120">Susskind, L.E., S. McKearnen and J. Thomas-Lamar, (eds.), 1999: The consensus building handbook: A comprehensive guide to reaching agreement. SAGE Publications,</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2121">Bercovitch, J., V. Kremenyuk and I. W. Zartman, 2008: The SAGE handbook of conflict resolution. Sage, Great Britain, Cromwell Press Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4129-2192-3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2122">Susskind, L., D. Rumore, C. Hulet and P. Field, 2015: Managing climate risks in coastal communities: Strategies for engagement, readiness and adaptation. Anthem Environment and Sustainability, Anthem Press.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2123">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2124">Laws, D., D. Hogendoorn and H. Karl, 2014: Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 19(2), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2125">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2126">Laws, D., D. Hogendoorn and H. Karl, 2014: Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 19(2), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2127">Forester, J., 1987: Planning in the face of conflict: Negotiation and mediation strategies in local land use regulation. J. Am. Plan. Assoc., 53(3), 303–314.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2128">Dukes, F., 1993: Public conflict resolution: A transformative approach. Negot. J., 9(1), 45–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2129">Forester, J., 2006: Making participation work when interests conflict: Moving from facilitating dialogue and moderating debate to mediating negotiations. J. Am. Plan. Assoc., 72(4), 447–456.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2130">Laws, D., D. Hogendoorn and H. Karl, 2014: Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 19(2), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2131">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2132">Sultana, P. and P.M. Thompson, 2017: Adaptation or conflict? Responses to climate change in water management in Bangladesh. Environ. Sci. Policy, 78, 149–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2133">Susskind, L., D. Rumore, C. Hulet and P. Field, 2015: Managing climate risks in coastal communities: Strategies for engagement, readiness and adaptation. Anthem Environment and Sustainability, Anthem Press.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2134">Sultana, P. and P.M. Thompson, 2017: Adaptation or conflict? Responses to climate change in water management in Bangladesh. Environ. Sci. Policy, 78, 149–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2135">Kittikhoun, A. and D.M. Staubli, 2018: Water diplomacy and conflict management in the Mekong: From rivalries to cooperation. J. Hydrol., 567, 654–667.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2136">Lawrence, J., R. Bell and A. Stroombergen, 2019: A Hybrid Process to Address Uncertainty and Changing Climate Risk in Coastal Areas Using Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis &amp; Real Options Analysis: A New Zealand Application. Sustainability, 11(2), 406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2137">Kleindorfer, P.R., H.G. Kunreuther and P.J. Schoemaker, 1993: Decision sciences: an integrative perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 55, ISBN 0-521-32867-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2138">Renn, O., 2008: Risk governance: coping with uncertainty in a complex world. Earthscan, Sterling, VA, USA, 445 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84407-291-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2139">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2140">Hinkel, J. and A. Bisaro, 2016: Methodological choices in solution-oriented adaptation research: a diagnostic framework. Reg. Environ. Change, 16, 7–20, doi:10.1007/s10113-014-0682-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2141">Oddo, P.C. et al., 2017: Deep Uncertainties in Sea level Rise and Storm Surge Projections: Implications for Coastal Flood Risk Management: Deep Uncertainties in Coastal Flood Risk Management. Risk Anal., 1-16, doi:10.1111/risa.12888.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2142">Marchau, V.A.W.J., W.E. Walker, P.J.T.M. Bloemen and S. Popper, (eds)., 2019: Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1-401, ISBN: 9783030052522.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2143">Hallegatte, S. et al., 2012: Investment Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty – Application to Climate Change. Policy Research Working Papers, The World Bank [Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12028%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2144">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2145">Lempert, R. et al., 2013: Ensuring Robust Flood Risk Management in Ho Chi Minh City. The World Bank Sustainable Development Network. [Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255698092_Ensuring_Robust_Flood_Risk_Management_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2146">Wong, T.E., A.M. Bakker and K. Keller, 2017: Impacts of Antarctic fast dynamics on sea level projections and coastal flood defense. Clim. Change, 144(2), 347–364.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2147">Lempert, R. and M. Schlesinger, 2001: Climate-change strategy needs to be robust. Nature, 412(6845), 375–375, doi:10.1038/35086617.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2148">Kwakkel, J.H., W.E. Walker and V.A. Marchau, 2010: Classifying and communicating uncertainties in model-based policy analysis. Int. J. Technol. Policy Manage., 10(4), 299–315.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2149">Kwakkel, J.H., W.E. Walker and M. Haasnoot, 2016b: Coping with the wickedness of public policy problems: approaches for decision making under deep uncertainty. J. Water Res. Plan. Man., 142(3), 1-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2150">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2151">Simpson, M. et al., 2016: Decision analysis for management of Nat. Hazards. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 41, 489–516.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2152">Chambers, D. P. et al., 2017: Evaluation of the global mean sea level budget between 1993 and 2014. Surv. Geophys., 38(1), 309–327.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2153">Kunreuther, H. et al., 2014: Integrated Risk and Uncertainty Assessment of Climate Change Response Policies. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C.v. Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2154">Dennig, F., 2018: Climate change and the re-evaluation of cost-benefit analysis. Clim. Change, 151(1), 43–54.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2155">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2156">Lempert, R. and M. Schlesinger, 2001: Climate-change strategy needs to be robust. Nature, 412(6845), 375–375, doi:10.1038/35086617.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2157">Stirling, A., 2010: Keep it complex. Nature, 468, 1029–1031, doi:10.1038/4681029a.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2158">Woodward, M., Z. Kapelan and B. Gouldby, 2014: Adaptive Flood Risk Management Under Climate Change Uncertainty Using Real Options and Optimization: Adaptive Flood Risk Management. Risk Anal., 34, 75–92, doi:10.1111/risa.12088.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2159">Abadie, L.M., 2018: Sea level damage risk with probabilistic weighting of IPCC scenarios: An application to major coastal cities. J. Clean. Prod., 175, 582–598, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.069.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2160">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2161">Savage, L.J., 1951: The Theory of Statistical Decision. J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 46, 55–67, doi:10.1080/01621459.1951.10500768.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2162">Ben-Haim, Y., 2006: Info-gap decision theory: decisions under severe uncertainty. Academic Press, Oxford, ISBN-13 978-0-12-373552-2, 361 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2163">Ben-Tal, A., L. El Ghaoui and A. Nemirovski, 2009: Robust optimization. Princeton University Press, 28, ISBN 978-0-691-14368-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2164">Lempert, R. and M.E. Schlesinger, 2000: Robust strategies for abating climate change. Clim. Change, 45, 387–401.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2165">Lempert, R. et al., 2013: Ensuring Robust Flood Risk Management in Ho Chi Minh City. The World Bank Sustainable Development Network. [Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255698092_Ensuring_Robust_Flood_Risk_Management_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2166">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2167">Ranger, N., T. Reeder and J. Lowe, 2013: Addressing ‘deep’uncertainty over long-term climate in major infrastructure projects: four innovations of the Thames Estuary 2100 Project. EURO Journal on Decision Processes, 1(3–4), 233f262.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2168">Hinkel, J. et al., 2015: Sea level rise scenarios and coastal risk management. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(3), 188–190.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2169">Hinkel, J. et al., 2019: Meeting user needs for sea‐level rise information: a decision analysis perspective. Earth’s Future, 7(3), 320–337.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2170">Kind, J.M., 2014: Economically efficient flood protection standards for the Netherlands: Efficient flood protection standards for the Netherlands. J. Flood Risk Manage., 7, 103–117, doi:10.1111/jfr3.12026.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2171">Eijgenraam, C., R. Brekelmans, D. den Hertog and K. Roos, 2016: Optimal Strategies for Flood Prevention. Manag. Sci., 63, 1644–1656, doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2395.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2172">Aerts, J.C.J.H. et al., 2014: Evaluating Flood Resilience Strategies for Coastal Megacities. Science, 344, 473–475, doi:10.1126/science.1248222.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2173">Scussolini, P. et al., 2017: Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: A Multidisciplinary Analysis for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Water Resourc. Res., 53, 10841–10857, doi:10.1002/2017WR021344.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2174">Lincke, D. and J. Hinkel, 2018: Economically robust protection against 21st century sea level rise. Global Environ. Chang., 51, 67–73.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2175">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2176">Barnard, P.L. et al., 2014: Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy, active-margin coasts. Nat. Hazards, 74(2), 1095–1125.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2177">Burch, S., A. Shaw, A. Dale and J. Robinson, 2014: Triggering transformative change: a development path approach to climate change response in communities. Clim. Policy, 14(4), 467–487.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2178">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2179">Wise, R. et al., 2014: Reconceptualising adaptation to climate change as part of pathways of change and response. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 325–336.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2180">Kelly, P.M., 2015: Climate drivers in coastal zone. In: Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities [Glavovic, B., M. Kelly, R. Kay and A. Travers (eds.)]. CRC Press, Boca Raton; London; New York, pp. 29–49, ISBN 978-1-4822-8858-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2181">Lawrence, J. and M. Haasnoot, 2017: What it took to catalyse uptake of dynamic adaptive pathways planning to address climate change uncertainty. Environ. Sci. Policy, 68, 47–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2182">Hallegatte, S., 2009: Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate change. Global Environ. Chang., 19(2), 240–247.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2183">Kelly, P.M., 2015: Climate drivers in coastal zone. In: Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities [Glavovic, B., M. Kelly, R. Kay and A. Travers (eds.)]. CRC Press, Boca Raton; London; New York, pp. 29–49, ISBN 978-1-4822-8858-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2184">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2185">Walker, W.E., S.A. Rahman and J. Cave, 2001: Adaptive policies, policy analysis, and policy-making. European J. Oper. Res. Soc., 128(2), 282–289, doi:10.1016/0377-2217(00)00071-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2186">Hermann, E. and W. Kempf, 2017: Climate change and the imagining of Migration: Emerging discourses on Kiribati’s land purchase in Fiji. Contemp. Pac., 29(2), 231–263.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2187">Haasnoot, M., S. van’t Klooster and J. van Alphen, 2018: Designing a monitoring system to detect signals to adapt to uncertain climate change. Global Environ. Chang., 52, 273–285.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2188">Stephens, S.A., R.G. Bell and J. Lawrence, 2018: Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea level rise. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(10), 104004.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2189">Walker, W.E., S.A. Rahman and J. Cave, 2001: Adaptive policies, policy analysis, and policy-making. European J. Oper. Res. Soc., 128(2), 282–289, doi:10.1016/0377-2217(00)00071-0.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2190">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2191">Walker, W.E., V.A.W.J. Marchau and J.H. Kwakkel, 2013: Uncertainty in the Framework of Policy Analysis. In: Public Policy Analysis: New Developments [Thissen, W.A.H. and W.E. Walker (eds.)]. Springer US, Boston, pp. 215–261.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2192">Jones, N. and J. Clark, 2014: Social capital and the public acceptability of climate change adaptation policies: a case study in Romney Marsh, UK. Clim. Change, 123(2), 133–145.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2193">Marchau, V.A.W.J., W.E. Walker, P.J.T.M. Bloemen and S. Popper, (eds)., 2019: Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1-401, ISBN: 9783030052522.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2194">Haasnoot, M., H. Middelkoop, E. van Beek and W.P.A. van Deursen, 2011: A method to develop sustainable water management strategies for an uncertain future. Sustain. Dev., 19, 369–381, doi:10.1002/sd.438.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2195">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2196">Butler, J. et al., 2014: Framing the application of adaptation pathways for rural livelihoods and global change in eastern Indonesian islands. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 368–382.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2197">Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, 2014: Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environ. Chang., 28, 395–408.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2198">Buurman, J. and V. Babovic, 2016: Adaptation Pathways and Real Options Analysis: An approach to deep uncertainty in climate change adaptation policies. Policy and Society, 35(2), 137150.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2199">Lin, N. and E. Shullman, 2017: Dealing with hurricane surge flooding in a changing environment: part I. Risk assessment considering storm climatology change, sea level rise, and coastal development. Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A., 31(9), 2379–2400, doi:10.1007/s00477-016-1377-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2200">Lawrence, J. et al., 2018: National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea level rise: Anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 82, 100–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2201">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2202">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2203">Brown, S. et al., 2014: Shifting perspectives on coastal impacts and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 4(9), 752–755.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2204">Werners, S. et al., 2015: Turning points in climate change adaptation. Ecol. Soc., 20(4).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2205">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2206">Haasnoot, M. et al., 2019: Investments under non-stationarity: economic evaluation of adaptation pathways. Clim. Change, 1–13.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2207">Dixit, A.K., R.K. Dixit, R.S. Pindyck and R. Pindyck, 1994: Investment under uncertainty. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA, 445 pp., ISBN 978-0-691-03410-2.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2208">Conrad, J.M., 1980: Quasi-option value and the expected value of information. Quart. J. Econ., 94(4), 813–820.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2209">Dawson, D.A., A. Hunt, J. Shaw and W.R. Gehrels, 2018: The Economic Value of Climate Information in Adaptation Decisions: Learning in the Sea level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure Context. Ecol. Econ., 150, 1–10.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2210">Hinkel, J. et al., 2015: Sea level rise scenarios and coastal risk management. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(3), 188–190.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2211">Bakker, A.M., T.E. Wong, K.L. Ruckert and K. Keller, 2017: Sea level projections representing the deeply uncertain contribution of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Sci. Rep., 7(1), 3880, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04134-5.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2212">Hallegatte, S. et al., 2012: Investment Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty – Application to Climate Change. Policy Research Working Papers, The World Bank [Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12028%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2213">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2214">Hinkel, J. et al., 2015: Sea level rise scenarios and coastal risk management. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(3), 188–190.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2215">Watkiss, P., A. Hunt, W. Blyth and J. Dyszynski, 2015: The use of new economic decision support tools for adaptation assessment: A review of methods and applications, towards guidance on applicability. Clim. Change, 132, 401–416, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1250-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2216">Dittrich, R., A. Wreford and D. Moran, 2016: A survey of decision-making approaches for climate change adaptation: Are robust methods the way forward? Ecol. Econ., 122, 79–89, doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2217">Suckall, N. et al., 2018: A framework for identifying and selecting long term adaptation policy directions for deltas. Sci. Total Environ., 633, 946–957.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2218">Government of Canada, 1984: Western Arctic (Inuvialuit) Claims Settlement Act, S.C. 1984, c. 24 (amended 2003). Minister of Justice, Ottawa.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2219">Lamoureux, S. et al., 2015: The impact of climate change on infrastructure in the western and central Canadian Arctic. In: From Science to Policy in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic: an Integrated Regional Impact Study (IRIS) of Climate Change and Modernization [Stern, G.A. and A. Gaden (eds.)]. ArcticNet, Quebec, pp. 300–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2220">Ford, J., T. Bell and N. Couture, 2016a: Perspectives of Canada’s North Coast region. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Assessment of Canada’s Marine Coasts, [D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, T.S. James and C.S.L. Mercer Clarke; Government of Canada (eds.)], Ottawa, Canada, pp. 153–206.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2221">Bell, T., 2016: Turning Research Inside Out: Labrador Inuit focus on research priorities that strengthen community sustainability and well-being. Newfoundland Quarterly, 109(1), 37–41.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2222">Lawrence, J. and M. Haasnoot, 2017: What it took to catalyse uptake of dynamic adaptive pathways planning to address climate change uncertainty. Environ. Sci. Policy, 68, 47–57.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2223">Lawrence, J., R. Bell and A. Stroombergen, 2019: A Hybrid Process to Address Uncertainty and Changing Climate Risk in Coastal Areas Using Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis &amp; Real Options Analysis: A New Zealand Application. Sustainability, 11(2), 406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2224">Kench, P.S. et al., 2018: Co-creating resilience solutions to coastal hazards through an interdisciplinary research project in New Zealand. J. Coast. Res., 85(sp1), 1496–1500.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2225">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2226">Lawrence, J., R. Bell and A. Stroombergen, 2019: A Hybrid Process to Address Uncertainty and Changing Climate Risk in Coastal Areas Using Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis &amp; Real Options Analysis: A New Zealand Application. Sustainability, 11(2), 406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2227">Minister of Conservation, 2010: New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement. New Zealand Department of Conservation, Team, D.o.C.P., Wellington, New Zealand. 30 pp. [Available at: https://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/coastal-management/nz-coastal-policy-statement-2010.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2228">Bell, R. et al., 2017a: Coastal Hazards and Climate Change: Guidance for Local Government. Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand [Available at: https://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/media/Climate%20Change/coastal-hazards-guide-final.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2229">Haasnoot, M., J.H. Kwakkel, W.E. Walker and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Environ. Chang., 23, 485–498, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2230">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2231">Dewulf, A. and C. Termeer, 2015: Governing the future? The potential of adaptive delta management to contribute to governance capabilities for dealing with the wicked problem of climate change adaptation. J. Water Clim. Change, 6(4), 759–771.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2232">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf, G. Breeman and S. J. Stiller, 2015: Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Adm. Soc., 47(6), 680–710.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2233">Stephens, S.A., R.G. Bell and J. Lawrence, 2018: Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea level rise. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(10), 104004.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2234">OECD, 2019: Responding to Rising Seas. OECD Publishing, Paris, 176 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2235">Ajibade, I., M. Pelling, J. Agboola and M. Garschagen, 2016: Sustainability transitions: exploring risk management and the future of adaptation in the megacity of Lagos. Journal of Extreme Events, 3(03), 1650009.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2236">Ahmed, F. et al., 2018: Tipping points in adaptation to urban flooding under climate change and urban growth: The case of the Dhaka megacity. Land Use Policy, 79, 496–506.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2237">Francesch-Huidobro, M. et al., 2017: Governance challenges of flood-prone delta cities: Integrating flood risk management and climate change in spatial planning. Progress in Planning, 114, 1–27.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2238">Broto, V.C., E. Boyd and J. Ensor, 2015: Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 11–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2239">Marengo, J.A., F. Muller-Karger, M. Pelling and C.J. Reynolds, 2019: The METROPOLE Project–An Integrated Framework to Analyse Local Decision Making and Adaptive Capacity to Large-Scale Environmental Change: Decision Making and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in Santos, Brazil. In: Climate Change in Santos Brazil: Projections, Impacts and Adaptation Options [Hidalgo Nunes, L., R. Greco and J.A. Marengo (eds.)]. Springer, pp. 3–15, ISBN: 978-3-319-96534-5, 285 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2240">Flynn, M. et al., 2018: Participatory scenario planning and climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research in the Arctic. Environ. Sci. Policy, 79, 45–53.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2241">Butler, J. et al., 2016a: Scenario planning to leap-frog the Sustainable Development Goals: an adaptation pathways approach. Clim. Risk Manage., 12, 83–99.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2242">Dewulf, A. and C. Termeer, 2015: Governing the future? The potential of adaptive delta management to contribute to governance capabilities for dealing with the wicked problem of climate change adaptation. J. Water Clim. Change, 6(4), 759–771.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2243">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf, G. Breeman and S. J. Stiller, 2015: Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Adm. Soc., 47(6), 680–710.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2244">Bloemen, P., M. Van Der Steen and Z. Van Der Wal, 2019: Designing a century ahead: Climate change adaptation in the Dutch Delta. Policy and Society, 38 (1), 58–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2245">Paprocki, K. and S. Huq, 2018: Shrimp and coastal adaptation: on the politics of climate justice. Clim. Dev., 10(1), 1–3.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2246">Tuts, R. et al., 2015: Guiding principles for city climate action planning [Osanjo, T. (ed.)]. UN-Habitat, Nairobi, Kenya [Available at: http://e-lib.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Guiding-Principles-for-City-Climate-Action-Planning.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2247">Brown, I., J. Martin-Ortega, K. Waylen and K. Blackstock, 2016: Participatory scenario planning for developing innovation in community adaptation responses: three contrasting examples from Latin America. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(6), 1685–1700.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2248">OECD, 2019: Responding to Rising Seas. OECD Publishing, Paris, 176 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2249">Flynn, M. et al., 2018: Participatory scenario planning and climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research in the Arctic. Environ. Sci. Policy, 79, 45–53.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2250">Broto, V.C., E. Boyd and J. Ensor, 2015: Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 11–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2251">Butler, J. et al., 2016a: Scenario planning to leap-frog the Sustainable Development Goals: an adaptation pathways approach. Clim. Risk Manage., 12, 83–99.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2252">Flood, S., N.A. Cradock-Henry, P. Blackett and P. Edwards, 2018: Adaptive and interactive climate futures: Systematic review of ‘serious games’ for engagement and decision-making. Environ. Res. Lett., 13(6), 063005.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2253">Cradock-Henry, N.A. et al., 2018: Dynamic adaptive pathways in downscaled climate change scenarios. Clim. Change, 150(3–4), 333–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2254">Lawrence, J., R. Bell and A. Stroombergen, 2019: A Hybrid Process to Address Uncertainty and Changing Climate Risk in Coastal Areas Using Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis &amp; Real Options Analysis: A New Zealand Application. Sustainability, 11(2), 406.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2255">Hurlimann, A.C. and A.P. March, 2012: The role of spatial planning in adapting to climate change. WiRes. Clim. Change, 3(5), 477–488.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2256">Glavovic, B.C. and G.P. Smith, 2014: Adapting to climate change: Lessons from Natural Hazards planning. Springer, New York, NY, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0, 451 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2257">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2258">Tuts, R. et al., 2015: Guiding principles for city climate action planning [Osanjo, T. (ed.)]. UN-Habitat, Nairobi, Kenya [Available at: http://e-lib.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Guiding-Principles-for-City-Climate-Action-Planning.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2259">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2260">Butler, W.H., R.E. Deyle and C. Mutnansky, 2016b: Low-regrets incrementalism: Land use planning adaptation to accelerating sea level rise in Florida’s Coastal Communities. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 319–332.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2261">OECD, 2019: Responding to Rising Seas. OECD Publishing, Paris, 176 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2262">Hurlimann, A. et al., 2014: Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84–93.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2263">Butler, J. et al., 2016a: Scenario planning to leap-frog the Sustainable Development Goals: an adaptation pathways approach. Clim. Risk Manage., 12, 83–99.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2264">Vella, K. et al., 2016: Voluntary collaboration for adaptive governance: the southeast Florida regional climate change compact. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 363–376.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2265">Tuts, R. et al., 2015: Guiding principles for city climate action planning [Osanjo, T. (ed.)]. UN-Habitat, Nairobi, Kenya [Available at: http://e-lib.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Guiding-Principles-for-City-Climate-Action-Planning.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2266">OECD, 2019: Responding to Rising Seas. OECD Publishing, Paris, 176 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2267">Dyckman, C.S., C.S. John and J.B. London, 2014: Realizing managed retreat and innovation in state-level coastal management planning. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 212–223.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2268">Gibbs, M.T., 2016: Why is coastal retreat so hard to implement? Understanding the political risk of coastal adaptation pathways. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 107–114.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2269">Siders, A., 2019: Social justice implications of US managed retreat buyout programs. Clim. Change, 152(2), 239–257.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2270">Koslov, L., 2019: Avoiding Climate Change:“Agnostic Adaptation” and the Politics of Public Silence. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr., 109(2), 568–580.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2271">Kousky, C., 2014: Managing shoreline retreat: a US perspective. Clim. Change, 124(1–2), 9–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2272">Glavovic, B.C. and G.P. Smith, 2014: Adapting to climate change: Lessons from Natural Hazards planning. Springer, New York, NY, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0, 451 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2273">Colenbrander, D.R. and M.R. Sowman, 2015: Merging Socioeconomic Imperatives with Geospatial Data: A Non-Negotiable for Coastal Risk Management in South Africa. Coastal Manage., 43(3), 270–300.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2274">Dutra, L.X. et al., 2015: Organizational drivers that strengthen adaptive capacity in the coastal zone of Australia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 109, 64–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2275">Sowman, M., D. Scott and C. Sutherland, 2016: Governance and Social Justice Position Paper: Milnerton Beach. ERMD, City of Cape Town.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2276">Forino, G., J. Von Meding and G.J. Brewer, 2018: Challenges and opportunities for Australian local governments in governing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction integration. Int. J. Disaster Resilience Built Environ. 9(3), 258–272.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2277">Lund, D.H., 2018: Governance innovations for climate change adaptation in urban Denmark. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 20(5), 632–644.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2278">Pinto, P.J., G.M. Kondolf and P.L.R. Wong, 2018: Adapting to sea level rise: Emerging governance issues in the San Francisco Bay Region. Environ. Sci. Policy, 90, 28–37.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2279">Clar, C., 2019: Coordinating climate change adaptation across levels of government: the gap between theory and practice of integrated adaptation strategy processes. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 61(11), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2280">Pittman, J. and D. Armitage, 2019: Network Governance of Land-Sea Social-Ecological Systems in the Lesser Antilles. Ecol. Econ., 157, 61–70.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2281">Pittman, J. and D. Armitage, 2019: Network Governance of Land-Sea Social-Ecological Systems in the Lesser Antilles. Ecol. Econ., 157, 61–70.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2282">Dyckman, C.S., C.S. John and J.B. London, 2014: Realizing managed retreat and innovation in state-level coastal management planning. Ocean Coast. Manage, 102, 212–223.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2283">Glavovic, B.C. and G.P. Smith, 2014: Adapting to climate change: Lessons from Natural Hazards planning. Springer, New York, NY, USA, ISBN 978-94-017-8630-0, 451 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2284">Dutra, L.X. et al., 2015: Organizational drivers that strengthen adaptive capacity in the coastal zone of Australia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 109, 64–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2285">Ensor, J. and B. Harvey, 2015: Social learning and climate change adaptation: evidence for international development practice. WiRes. Clim. Change, 6(5), 509–522.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2286">Chu, E.K., S. Hughes and S.G. Mason (eds.), 2018: Conclusion: Multilevel Governance and Climate Change Innovations in Cities. In: Climate Change in Cities. Springer, Cham, pp. 361–378, ISBN 978-3-319-65003-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2287">McFadgen, B. and D. Huitema, 2018: Experimentation at the interface of science and policy: a multi-case analysis of how policy experiments influence political decision-makers. Policy Sciences, 51(2), 161–187.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2288">Mazeka, B., Sutherland, C., Buthelezi, S., Khumalo, D., 2019: Community-Based Mapping Methodology for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study of Quarry Road West Informal Settlement, Durban, South Africa. In: The Geography of Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Africa [Cobbinah, P.B. and M. Addaney (eds.)]. Palgrave McMillan, Cham, pp. 57–88, ISSN: 9783030048730.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2289">Wolfram, M., J. van der Heijden, S. Juhola and J. Patterson, 2019: Learning in urban climate governance: concepts, key issues and challenges. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 21(1), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2290">Chu, E.K., S. Hughes and S.G. Mason (eds.), 2018: Conclusion: Multilevel Governance and Climate Change Innovations in Cities. In: Climate Change in Cities. Springer, Cham, pp. 361–378, ISBN 978-3-319-65003-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2291">Bell, R. et al., 2017a: Coastal Hazards and Climate Change: Guidance for Local Government. Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand [Available at: https://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/media/Climate%20Change/coastal-hazards-guide-final.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2292">Wolfram, M., J. van der Heijden, S. Juhola and J. Patterson, 2019: Learning in urban climate governance: concepts, key issues and challenges. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 21(1), 1–15.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2293">Marengo, J.A., F. Muller-Karger, M. Pelling and C.J. Reynolds, 2019: The METROPOLE Project–An Integrated Framework to Analyse Local Decision Making and Adaptive Capacity to Large-Scale Environmental Change: Decision Making and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in Santos, Brazil. In: Climate Change in Santos Brazil: Projections, Impacts and Adaptation Options [Hidalgo Nunes, L., R. Greco and J.A. Marengo (eds.)]. Springer, pp. 3–15, ISBN: 978-3-319-96534-5, 285 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2294">Fink, J.H., 2019: Contrasting governance learning processes of climate-leading and-lagging cities: Portland, Oregon, and Phoenix, Arizona, USA. J. Environ. Pol. Plan., 21(1), 16–29.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2295">Blok, A. and R. Tschötschel, 2016: World port cities as cosmopolitan risk community: Mapping urban climate policy experiments in Europe and East Asia. Environ. Plan. C., 34(4), 717–736.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2296">Hughes, S., E.K. Chu and S.G. Mason, 2018: Climate change in cities. Innovations in Multi-Level Governance. Cham: Springer International Publishing (The Urban Book Series), ISBN: 978-3-319-65003-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2297">Bell, R. et al., 2017a: Coastal Hazards and Climate Change: Guidance for Local Government. Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand [Available at: https://www.mfe.govt.nz/sites/default/files/media/Climate%20Change/coastal-hazards-guide-final.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2298">Eriksen, S.H., A.J. Nightingale and H. Eakin, 2015: Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environ. Chang., 35, 523–533.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2299">Sovacool, B.K., B.-O. Linnér and M.E. Goodsite, 2015: The political economy of climate adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 616.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2300">Tuts, R. et al., 2015: Guiding principles for city climate action planning [Osanjo, T. (ed.)]. UN-Habitat, Nairobi, Kenya [Available at: http://e-lib.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Guiding-Principles-for-City-Climate-Action-Planning.pdf%5D . Accessed: 2019/09/20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2301">Adger, W.N., C. Butler and K. Walker-Springett, 2017: Moral reasoning in adaptation to climate change. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 371–390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2302">Hardy, R.D., R.A. Milligan and N. Heynen, 2017: Racial coastal formation: The environmental injustice of colorblind adaptation planning for sea level rise. Geoforum, 87, 62–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2303">Holland, B., 2017: Procedural justice in local climate adaptation: political capabilities and transformational change. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 391–412.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2304">Dolšak, N. and A. Prakash, 2018: The politics of climate change adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 317–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2305">Finkbeiner, E.M. et al., 2018: Exploring trade-offs in climate change response in the context of Pacific Island fisheries. Mar. Policy, 88, 359–364.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2306">Sovacool, B.K., 2018: Bamboo beating bandits: Conflict, inequality, and vulnerability in the political ecology of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. World Dev., 102, 183–194.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2307">Warner, J.F., A.J. Wesselink and G.D. Geldof, 2018b: The politics of adaptive climate management: Scientific recipes and lived reality. WiRes. Clim. Change, 9(3), e515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2308">OECD, 2019: Responding to Rising Seas. OECD Publishing, Paris, 176 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2309">Broto, V.C., E. Boyd and J. Ensor, 2015: Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 11–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2310">Hardy, R.D., R.A. Milligan and N. Heynen, 2017: Racial coastal formation: The environmental injustice of colorblind adaptation planning for sea level rise. Geoforum, 87, 62–72.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2311">Schlosberg, D., 2012: Climate justice and capabilities: a framework for adaptation policy. Ethics &amp; International Affairs, 26(4), 445–461.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2312">Musa, Z.N., I. Popescu and A. Mynett, 2016: Assessing the sustainability of local resilience practices against sea level rise impacts on the lower Niger delta. Ocean Coast. Manage, 130, 221–228.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2313">Vedeld, T., A. Coly, N.M. Ndour and S. Hellevik, 2016: Climate adaptation at what scale? Multi-level governance, resilience, and coproduction in Saint Louis, Senegal. Nat. Hazards, 82(2), 173–199.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2314">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2315">Warrick, O. et al., 2017: The ‘Pacific adaptive capacity analysis framework’: guiding the assessment of adaptive capacity in Pacific Island communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1039–1051.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2316">Dolšak, N. and A. Prakash, 2018: The politics of climate change adaptation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 43, 317–341.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2317">Robinson, S.-a., 2017: Climate change adaptation trends in small island developing states. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 22(4), 669–691.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2318">Weir, T., L. Dovey and D. Orcherton, 2017: Social and cultural issues raised by climate change in Pacific Island countries: an overview. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1017–1028.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2319">Kelman, I., 2018: Islandness within climate change narratives of small island developing states (SIDS). Isl. Stud. J., 13(1), 149–166.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2320">Petzold, J. and A.K. Magnan, 2019: Climate change: thinking small islands beyond Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Clim. Change, 152(1), 145–165.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2321">Joseph, D.D., 2017: Social work models for climate adaptation: the case of small islands in the Caribbean. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1117–1126.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2322">Warrick, O. et al., 2017: The ‘Pacific adaptive capacity analysis framework’: guiding the assessment of adaptive capacity in Pacific Island communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1039–1051.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2323">Nunn, P.D., J. Runman, M. Falanruw and R. Kumar, 2017b: Culturally grounded responses to coastal change on islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, northwest Pacific Ocean. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 959–971.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2324">Karlsson, M. and G.K. Hovelsrud, 2015: Local collective action: Adaptation to coastal erosion in the Monkey River Village, Belize. Global Environ. Chang., 32, 96–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2325">Jurjonas, M. and E. Seekamp, 2018: Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina. Ocean Coast. Manage, 162, 137–150.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2326">Burton, P. and J. Mustelin, 2013: Planning for climate change: is greater public participation the key to success? Urban Policy Res., 31(4), 399–415.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2327">Berke, P.R. and M.R. Stevens, 2016: Land use planning for climate adaptation: Theory and practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res., 36(3), 283–289.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2328">Gorddard, R. et al., 2016: Values, rules and knowledge: adaptation as change in the decision context. Environ. Sci. Policy, 57, 60–69.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2329">Webler, T. et al., 2016: Design and evaluation of a local analytic-deliberative process for climate adaptation planning. Local Environ., 21(2), 166–188.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2330">Schlosberg, D., L.B. Collins and S. Niemeyer, 2017: Adaptation policy and community discourse: risk, vulnerability, and just transformation. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 413–437.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2331">Kirshen, P. et al., 2018: Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Multi-Level Stakeholder Collaborative Urban Adaptation Planning for Extreme Events and Climate Risks—A Case Study of East Boston USA. Journal of Extreme Events, 5(02n03), 1850013.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2332">Lawrence, J. et al., 2018: National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea level rise: Anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 82, 100–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2333">Mehring, P., H. Geoghegan, H.L. Cloke and J. Clark, 2018: What is going wrong with community engagement? How flood communities and flood authorities construct engagement and partnership working. Environ. Sci. Policy, 89, 109–115.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2334">Nkoana, E., A. Verbruggen and J. Hugé, 2018: Climate change adaptation tools at the community level: An integrated literature review. Sustainability, 10(3), 796.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2335">Schernewski, G., J. Schumacher, E. Weisner and L. Donges, 2018: A combined coastal protection, realignment and wetland restoration scheme in the southern Baltic: planning process, public information and participation. J. Coast. Conserv., 22(3), 533–547.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2336">Yusuf, J.E., B. St. John III, M. Covi and J.G. Nicula, 2018b: Engaging Stakeholders in Planning for Sea Level Rise and Resilience. J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ., 164(1), 112–123.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2337">Uittenbroek, C.J., H.L. Mees, D.L. Hegger and P.P. Driessen, 2019: The design of public participation: who participates, when and how? Insights in climate adaptation planning from the Netherlands. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 1–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2338">Celliers, L., S. Rosendo, I. Coetzee and G. Daniels, 2013: Pathways of integrated coastal management from national policy to local implementation: Enabling climate change adaptation. Mar. Policy, 39, 72–86.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2339">Daron, J.D. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2015: A critical investigation of evaluation matrices to inform coastal adaptation and planning decisions at the local scale. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 58(12), 2250–2270.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2340">Desportes, I. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2016: Navigating interests, navigating knowledge: Towards an inclusive set-back delineation along Cape Town’s coastline. Habitat Int., 54, 124–135.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2341">Glavovic, B.C., C. Cullinan and M. Groenink, 2018: The Coast. In: Fuggle and Rabie’s Environmental Management in South Africa, 3rd Edition [King, N.D., H.A. Strydom and F.P. Retief (eds.)]. Juta and Co., Cape Town, pp. 653–733.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2342">Colenbrander, D., 2019: Dissonant discourses: revealing South Africa’s policy-to-praxis challenges in the governance of coastal risk and vulnerability. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 62(10), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2343">Colenbrander, D.R. and M.R. Sowman, 2015: Merging Socioeconomic Imperatives with Geospatial Data: A Non-Negotiable for Coastal Risk Management in South Africa. Coastal Manage., 43(3), 270–300.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2344">Daron, J.D. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2015: A critical investigation of evaluation matrices to inform coastal adaptation and planning decisions at the local scale. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 58(12), 2250–2270.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2345">Daron, J.D. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2015: A critical investigation of evaluation matrices to inform coastal adaptation and planning decisions at the local scale. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 58(12), 2250–2270.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2346">Colenbrander, D., A. Cartwright and A. Taylor, 2016: Drawing a line in the sand: managing coastal risks in the City Of Cape Town, South African Geographical Journal 97(1), 1-17. South African Geographical Journal, 98(1), 104.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2347">Colenbrander, D. and M. Bavinck, 2017: Exploring the role of bureaucracy in the production of coastal risks, City of Cape Town, South Africa. Ocean Coast. Manage, 150, 35–50.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2348">Colenbrander, D. and M. Bavinck, 2017: Exploring the role of bureaucracy in the production of coastal risks, City of Cape Town, South Africa. Ocean Coast. Manage, 150, 35–50.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2349">Leck, H. and D. Roberts, 2015: What lies beneath: understanding the invisible aspects of municipal climate change governance. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 13, 61–67.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2350">Desportes, I. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2016: Navigating interests, navigating knowledge: Towards an inclusive set-back delineation along Cape Town’s coastline. Habitat Int., 54, 124–135.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2351">Pasquini, L., R. Cowling and G. Ziervogel, 2013: Facing the heat: Barriers to mainstreaming climate change adaptation in local government in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Habitat Int., 40, 225–232.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2352">Colenbrander, D., 2019: Dissonant discourses: revealing South Africa’s policy-to-praxis challenges in the governance of coastal risk and vulnerability. J. Environ. Plan. Manage., 62(10), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2353">Sowman, M. and M. Gawith, 1994: Participation of disadvantaged communities in project planning and decision‐making: A case‐study of Hout Bay. Development Southern Africa, 11(4), 557–571.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2354">Ziervogel, G., J. Waddell, W. Smit and A. Taylor, 2016b: Flooding in Cape Town’s informal settlements: barriers to collaborative urban risk governance. South African Geographical Journal, 98(1), 1–20.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2355">Pasquini, L., G. Ziervogel, R.M. Cowling and C. Shearing, 2015: What enables local governments to mainstream climate change adaptation? Lessons learned from two municipal case studies in the Western Cape, South Africa. Clim. Dev., 7(1), 60–70.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2356">Susskind, L.E., S. McKearnen and J. Thomas-Lamar, (eds.), 1999: The consensus building handbook: A comprehensive guide to reaching agreement. SAGE Publications,</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2357">Laws, D., D. Hogendoorn and H. Karl, 2014: Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management. Ecol. Soc., 19(2), 1-9.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2358">Susskind, L., D. Rumore, C. Hulet and P. Field, 2015: Managing climate risks in coastal communities: Strategies for engagement, readiness and adaptation. Anthem Environment and Sustainability, Anthem Press.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2359">Glavovic, B.C., 2016: Towards deliberative coastal governance: insights from South Africa and the Mississippi Delta. Reg. Environ. Change, 16(2), 353–365.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2360">Nursey-Bray, M., 2017: Towards socially just adaptive climate governance: the transformative potential of conflict. Local Environ., 22(2), 156–171.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2361">Sultana, P. and P.M. Thompson, 2017: Adaptation or conflict? Responses to climate change in water management in Bangladesh. Environ. Sci. Policy, 78, 149–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2362">Sultana, P. and P.M. Thompson, 2017: Adaptation or conflict? Responses to climate change in water management in Bangladesh. Environ. Sci. Policy, 78, 149–156.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2363">Rumore, D., 2014: Building the Capacity of Coastal Communities to Adapt to Climate Change through Participatory Action Research. Carolina Planning, 39, 16-12.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2364">Susskind, L., D. Rumore, C. Hulet and P. Field, 2015: Managing climate risks in coastal communities: Strategies for engagement, readiness and adaptation. Anthem Environment and Sustainability, Anthem Press.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2365">Dannevig, H. and C. Aall, 2015: The regional level as boundary organization? An analysis of climate change adaptation governance in Norway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 54, 168–175.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2366">Dutra, L.X. et al., 2015: Organizational drivers that strengthen adaptive capacity in the coastal zone of Australia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 109, 64–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2367">Sovacool, B.K., B.-O. Linnér and M.E. Goodsite, 2015: The political economy of climate adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change, 5(7), 616.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2368">Desportes, I. and D.R. Colenbrander, 2016: Navigating interests, navigating knowledge: Towards an inclusive set-back delineation along Cape Town’s coastline. Habitat Int., 54, 124–135.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2369">Adger, W.N., C. Butler and K. Walker-Springett, 2017: Moral reasoning in adaptation to climate change. Environ. Politics, 26(3), 371–390.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2370">Betzold, C. and I. Mohamed, 2017: Seawalls as a response to coastal erosion and flooding: a case study from Grande Comore, Comoros (West Indian Ocean). Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1077–1087.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2371">Onat, Y., O.P. Francis and K. Kim, 2018: Vulnerability assessment and adaptation to sea level rise in high-wave environments: A case study on O’ahu, Hawai’i. Ocean Coast. Manage, 157, 147–159.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2372">Warner, J.F., A.J. Wesselink and G.D. Geldof, 2018b: The politics of adaptive climate management: Scientific recipes and lived reality. WiRes. Clim. Change, 9(3), e515.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2373">Dutra, L.X. et al., 2015: Organizational drivers that strengthen adaptive capacity in the coastal zone of Australia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 109, 64–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2374">Betzold, C. and I. Mohamed, 2017: Seawalls as a response to coastal erosion and flooding: a case study from Grande Comore, Comoros (West Indian Ocean). Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1077–1087.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2375">Flynn, M. et al., 2018: Participatory scenario planning and climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research in the Arctic. Environ. Sci. Policy, 79, 45–53.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2376">Huntington, H.P. et al., 2019: Climate change in context: putting people first in the Arctic. Reg. Environ. Change, 19(4), 1217–1223.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2377">Chouinard, O., S. Weissenberger and D. Lane, 2015: L’adaptation au changement climatique en zone côtière selon l’approche communautaire: études de cas de projets de recherche-action participative au Nouveau-Brunswick (Canada). VertigO-la revue électronique en sciences de l’environnement, (Hors-série 23).</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2378">Chouinard, O. et al., 2017: The Participative Action Research Approach to Climate Change Adaptation in Atlantic</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2379">Costas, S., O. Ferreira and G. Martinez, 2015: Why do we decide to live with risk at the coast? Ocean Coast. Manage, 118, 1–11.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2380">Marengo, J.A., F. Muller-Karger, M. Pelling and C.J. Reynolds, 2019: The METROPOLE Project–An Integrated Framework to Analyse Local Decision Making and Adaptive Capacity to Large-Scale Environmental Change: Decision Making and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in Santos, Brazil. In: Climate Change in Santos Brazil: Projections, Impacts and Adaptation Options [Hidalgo Nunes, L., R. Greco and J.A. Marengo (eds.)]. Springer, pp. 3–15, ISBN: 978-3-319-96534-5, 285 pp.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2381">Dutra, L.X. et al., 2015: Organizational drivers that strengthen adaptive capacity in the coastal zone of Australia. Ocean Coast. Manage, 109, 64–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2382">Elrick-Barr, C.E., D.C. Thomsen, B.L. Preston and T.F. Smith, 2017: Perceptions matter: household adaptive capacity and capability in two Australian coastal communities. Reg. Environ. Change, 17(4), 1141–1151.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2383">Carter, L., 2018: Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Aotearoa/New Zealand, 1–103, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, ISBN 978-3-319-96438-6.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2384">Lawrence, J. et al., 2018: National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea level rise: Anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 82, 100–107.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2385">Dannevig, H. and C. Aall, 2015: The regional level as boundary organization? An analysis of climate change adaptation governance in Norway. Environ. Sci. Policy, 54, 168–175.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2386">Moser, S.C., S. Jeffress Williams and D.F. Boesch, 2012: Wicked challenges at land’s end: Managing coastal vulnerability under climate change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resourc., 37, 51–78.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2387">Head, B.W., 2014: Evidence, uncertainty, and wicked problems in climate change decision making in Australia. Environ. Plan. C., 32(4), 663–679.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2388">Dewulf, A. and C. Termeer, 2015: Governing the future? The potential of adaptive delta management to contribute to governance capabilities for dealing with the wicked problem of climate change adaptation. J. Water Clim. Change, 6(4), 759–771.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2389">Head, B.W. and J. Alford, 2015: Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Adm. Soc., 47(6), 711–739.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2390">Termeer, C.J., A. Dewulf, G. Breeman and S. J. Stiller, 2015: Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems. Adm. Soc., 47(6), 680–710.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2391">Kwakkel, J.H., M. Haasnoot and W.E. Walker, 2016a: Comparing robust decision-making and dynamic adaptive policy pathways for model-based decision support under deep uncertainty. Environ. Modell. Softw., 86, 168–183.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2392">Termeer, C. et al., 2016: Coping with the wicked problem of climate adaptation across scales: The Five R Governance Capabilities. Landscape Urban Plan., 154, 11–19.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2393">Alford, J. and B.W. Head, 2017: Wicked and less wicked problems: a typology and a contingency framework. Policy and Society, 36(3), 397–413.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2394">Daviter, F., 2017: Coping, taming or solving: alternative approaches to the governance of wicked problems. Policy Studies, 38(6), 571–588.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2395">Head, B.W., 2018: Forty years of wicked problems literature: forging closer links to policy studies. Policy and Society, 38(2), 1–18.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2396">McConnell, A., 2018: Rethinking wicked problems as political problems and policy problems. Policy &amp; Politics, 46(1), 165–180.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2397">Bloemen, P., M. Van Der Steen and Z. Van Der Wal, 2019: Designing a century ahead: Climate change adaptation in the Dutch Delta. Policy and Society, 38 (1), 58–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2398">Dewulf, A. and C. Termeer, 2015: Governing the future? The potential of adaptive delta management to contribute to governance capabilities for dealing with the wicked problem of climate change adaptation. J. Water Clim. Change, 6(4), 759–771.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2399">Bloemen, P. et al., 2018: Lessons learned from applying adaptation pathways in flood risk management and challenges for the further development of this approach. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 23(7), 1083–1108.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2400">Bloemen, P., M. Van Der Steen and Z. Van Der Wal, 2019: Designing a century ahead: Climate change adaptation in the Dutch Delta. Policy and Society, 38 (1), 58–76.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2401">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5 ºC global warming on natural and human systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor and T. Waterfield (eds.)], 175-311.</span></li>
<li><span id="fn:r2402">Denton, F. et al., 2014: Climate-resilient pathways: adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In: Climate</span></li></ol>

<span id="section-5"></span>