Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/SPM (section)

=== Enabling Conditions ===

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'''C.5 Enabling conditions are key for implementing, accelerating and sustaining adaptation in human systems and ecosystems. These include political commitment and follow-through, institutional frameworks, policies and instruments with clear goals and priorities, enhanced knowledge on impacts and solutions, mobilization of and access to adequate financial resources, monitoring and evaluation, and inclusive governance processes. ( '''''high confidence''''' )   Expand Links to chapters 1.4, 2.6, 3.6, 4.8, 6.4, 7.4, 8.5, 9.4, 10.5, 11.4, 11.7, 12.5, 13.11, 14.7, 15.6, 17.4, 18.4, CCP2.4, CCP5.4, CCB FINANCE, CCB INDIG'''
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'''C.5.1''' Political commitment and follow-through across all levels of government accelerate the implementation of adaptation actions ( ''high confidence'' ). Implementing actions can require large upfront investments of human, financial and technological resources ( ''high confidence'' ), whilst some benefits could only become visible in the next decade or beyond ( ''medium confidence'' ). Accelerating commitment and follow-through is promoted by rising public awareness, building business cases for adaptation, accountability and transparency mechanisms, monitoring and evaluation of adaptation progress, social movements, and climate-related litigation in some regions ( ''medium confidence'' ).

'''C.5.2''' Institutional frameworks, policies and instruments that set clear adaptation goals and define responsibilities and commitments and that are coordinated amongst actors and governance levels, strengthen and sustain adaptation actions ( ''very high confidence'' ). Sustained adaptation actions are strengthened by mainstreaming adaptation into institutional budget and policy planning cycles, statutory planning, monitoring and evaluation frameworks and into recovery efforts from disaster events ( ''high confidence'' ). Instruments that incorporate adaptation such as policy and legal frameworks, behavioural incentives, and economic instruments that address market failures, such as climate risk disclosure, inclusive and deliberative processes strengthen adaptation actions by public and private actors ( ''medium confidence'' ). { 1.4, 3.6, 4.8, 5.14, 6.3, 6.4, 7.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.7, Box 11.6, Table 11.17, 13.10, 13.11, 14.7, 15.6, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6, 18.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP2.4 CCP2.4] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP5.4 CCP5.4] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , CCB DEEP }

'''C.5.3''' Enhancing knowledge on risks, impacts, and their consequences, and available adaptation options promotes societal and policy responses ( ''high confidence'' ). A wide range of top-down, bottom-up and co-produced processes and sources can deepen climate knowledge and sharing, including capacity building at all scales, educational and information programmes, using the arts, participatory modelling and climate services, Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge and citizen science ( ''high confidence'' ). These measures can facilitate awareness, heighten risk perception and influence behaviours ( ''high confidence'' ). { 1.3, 3.6, 4.8, 5.9, 5.14, 6.4, Table 6.8, 7.4, 9.4, 10.5, 11.1, 11.7, 12.5, 13.9, 13.11, 14.3, 15.6, 15.6, 17.4, 18.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP2.4.1 CCP2.4.1] , CCB INDIG }

'''C.5.4''' With adaptation finance needs estimated to be higher than those presented in AR5, enhanced mobilization of and access to financial resources are essential for implementation of adaptation and to reduce adaptation gaps ( ''high confidence'' ). Building capacity and removing some barriers to accessing finance is fundamental to accelerate adaptation, especially for vulnerable groups, regions and sectors ( ''high confidence'' ). Public and private finance instruments include inter alia grants, guarantee, equity, concessional debt, market debt, and internal budget allocation as well as savings in households and insurance. Public finance is an important enabler of adaptation ( ''high confidence'' ). Public mechanisms and finance can leverage private sector finance for adaptation by addressing real and perceived regulatory, cost and market barriers, for example via public-private partnerships ( ''high confidence'' ). Financial and technological resources enable effective and ongoing implementation of adaptation, especially when supported by institutions with a strong understanding of adaptation needs and capacity ( ''high confidence'' ). { 4.8, 5.14, 6.4, Table 6.10, 7.4, 9.4, Table 11.17, 12.5, 13.11, 15.6, 17.4, 18.4, Box 18.9, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP5.4 CCP5.4] , CCB FINANCE }

'''C.5.5''' Monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) of adaptation are critical for tracking progress and enabling effective adaptation ( ''high confidence'' ). M&amp;E implementation is currently limited ( ''high confidence'' ) but has increased since AR5 at local and national levels. Although most of the monitoring of adaptation is focused towards planning and implementation, the monitoring of outcomes is critical for tracking the effectiveness and progress of adaptation ''(high confidence).'' M&amp;E facilitates learning on successful and effective adaptation measures, and signals when and where additional action may be needed. M&amp;E systems are most effective when supported by capacities and resources and embedded in enabling governance systems ( ''high confidence'' ). { 1.4, 2.6, 6.4, 7.4, 11.7, 11.8, 13.2, 13.11, 17.5, 18.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP2.4 CCP2.4] , CCB DEEP, CCB ILLNESS, CCB NATURAL, CCB PROGRESS }

'''C.5.6''' Inclusive governance that prioritises equity and justice in adaptation planning and implementation leads to more effective and sustainable adaptation outcomes ( ''high confidence'' ). Vulnerabilities and climate risks are often reduced through carefully designed and implemented laws, policies, processes, and interventions that address context specific inequities such as based on gender, ethnicity, disability, age, location and income ( ''high confidence'' ). These approaches, which include multi-stakeholder co-learning platforms, transboundary collaborations, community-based adaptation and participatory scenario planning, focus on capacity-building, and meaningful participation of the most vulnerable and marginalised groups, and their access to key resources to adapt ( ''high confidence'' ). { 1.4, 2.6, 3.6, 4.8, 5.4, 5.8, 5.9, 5.13, 6.4, 7.4, 8.5, 11.8, 12.5, 13.11, 14.7, 15.5, 15.7, 17.3, 17.5, 18.4, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP2.4 CCP2.4] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP5.4 CCP5.4] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/spm#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] , CCB GENDER, CCB HEALTH, CCB INDIG }

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