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== TS.0 Introduction == <div id="article-ts-0-introduction-block-1"></div> This Technical Summary of the ''IPCC Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC)'' consists of the Executive Summaries of all chapters (1-6) of the Special Report, the Executive Summary from the Integrative Cross-Chapter Box on low-lying islands and coasts, and supporting figures drawn from the chapters and the Summary for Policymakers. The Technical Summary follows the structure of the Report (Table TS.1). Section TS.1 (Chapter 1) introduces important key concepts, summarizes the characteristics and interconnection of ocean and cryosphere and highlights their importance in the earth system and for human societies in the light of climate change. TS.2 (Chapter 2) assesses changes in high mountain cryosphere and their impacts on local mountain communities and far beyond. TS.3 (Chapter 3) evaluates the state of knowledge concerning changes and impacts in the Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere systems, including challenges and opportunities for societies. TS.4 (Chapter 4) focusses on regional and global changes in sea level, the associated risk to low-lying islands, coasts and human settlements, and response options. TS.5 (Chapter 5) assesses changes in the ocean and marine ecosystems, including risks to ecosystem services and vulnerability of the dependent communities. TS.6 (Chapter 6) examines extremes and abrupt or irreversible changes in the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate, and identifies sustainable and resilient risk management strategies. All chapters and their Executive Summaries build on findings since the ''IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)'' and, whenever applicable, outcomes of the ''IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5Β°C (SR15)'' . <div id="article-ts-0-introduction-block-2"></div> <span id="table-ts.1"></span> <!-- START TABLE --> '''Table TS.1''' Structure of the Technical Summary (TS) and Chapters included in the IPCC Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). <!-- TABLE --> {| class="wikitable" |- | TS.1 | Chapter 1: Framing and Context of the Report |- | TS.2 | Chapter 2: High Mountain Areas |- | TS.3 | Chapter 3: Polar Regions |- | TS.4 | Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities |- | TS.5 | Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities |- | TS.6 | Chapter 6: Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks |- | TS.7 | Integrative Cross-Chapter Box: Low-lying Islands and Coasts |} <!-- END TABLE --> <div id="article-ts-0-introduction-block-3"></div> SROCC uses IPCC calibrated language <sup>[[#fn:1|1]]</sup> for the communication of confidence in the assessment process (see Chapter 1 and references therein). This calibrated language is designed to consistently evaluate and communicate uncertainties that arise from incomplete knowledge due to a lack of information, or from disagreement about what is known or even knowable. The IPCC calibrated language uses qualitative expressions of confidence based on the robustness of evidence for a finding, and (where possible) uses quantitative expressions to describe the likelihood of a finding (Figure TS.1). <div id="article-ts-0-introduction-block-4"></div> <span id="figure-ts.1"></span> <!-- START IMG --> <!-- IMG TITLE --> '''Figure TS.1''' <span id="figure-ts.1-schematic-of-the-ipcc-usage-of-calibrated-language-for-more-details-see-section-1.9.2-figure-1.4-and-cross-chapter-box-5-in-chapter-1."></span> <!-- IMG CAPTION --> '''Figure TS.1 | Schematic of the IPCC usage of calibrated language (for more details see Section 1.9.2, Figure 1.4 and Cross-Chapter Box 5 in Chapter 1).''' <!-- IMG FILE --> [[File:c8d1f172e54d9ad469e56092c5935b97 IPCC-SROCC-TS_1.jpg]] Figure TS.1 | Schematic of the IPCC usage of calibrated language (for more details see Section 1.9.2, Figure 1.4 and Cross-Chapter Box 5 in Chapter 1). <!-- END IMG --> <div id="article-ts-0-introduction-block-5"></div> References to chapter sections, boxes, cross-chapter boxes as well as to figures and tables are provided in curly brackets {} at the end of each statement below. <span id="ts.1-framing-and-context-of-the-report"></span>
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