Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/TS (section)

== TS.1 Introduction ==

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The Working Group III (WGIII) contribution to the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) assesses the current state of knowledge on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of climate change mitigation. It builds on previous IPCC reports, including the WGIII contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and the three Special Reports of the Sixth Assessment cycle on: Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5); Climate Change and Land (SRCCL); and the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). [[#footnote-032|1]]

The report assesses new literature, methodological and recent developments, and changes in approaches towards climate change mitigation since the IPCC AR5 report was published in 2014.

The global science and policy landscape on climate change mitigation has evolved since AR5. The development of the literature reflects, among other factors, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the outcomes of its Kyoto Protocol and the goals of the Paris Agreement {13, 14, 15} , and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development {1, 4, 17} . Literature further highlights the growing role of non-state and sub-national actors in the global effort to address climate change, including cities, businesses, citizens, transnational initiatives and public-private entities {5, 8, 13} . It draws attention to the decreasing cost of some low-emission technologies {2, 6, 12} and the evolving role of international cooperation {14} , finance {15} and innovation {16} . Emerging literature examines the global spread of climate policies, strengthened mitigation actions in developing countries, sustained reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in some developed countries and the continuing challenges for mitigation. {2, 13}

There are ever closer linkages between climate change mitigation, development pathways and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Development pathways largely drive GHG emissions and hence shape the mitigation challenge and the portfolio of available responses {4} . The co-benefits and risks of mitigation responses also differ according to stages of development and national capabilities {1, 2, 3, 4, 13} . Climate change mitigation framed in the context of sustainable development, equity, and poverty eradication, and rooted in the development aspirations of the society within which they take place, will be more acceptable, durable and effective. {1, 4, 17}

This report includes new assessment approaches that go beyond those evaluated in the previous IPCC WGIII reports. In addition to sectoral and systems chapters {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11} , this report includes, for the first time, chapters dedicated to cross-sectoral perspectives {12} , demand, services and social aspects of mitigation (Box TS.11) {5} , and innovation, technology development and transfer {16} . The assessment of future pathways combines a forward-looking assessment of near- to medium-term perspectives up to 2050, including ways of shifting development pathways towards sustainability {4} , with an assessment of long-term outcome-oriented pathways up to 2100 {3} . Collaboration between the IPCC Working Groups is reflected in Cross-Working Group boxes which address topics such as the economic benefits from avoided impacts along mitigation pathways {Cross-Working Group Box 1 in Chapter 3} , climate change and urban areas {Cross-Working Group Box 2 in Chapter 8} , mitigation and adaptation through the bioeconomy {Cross-Working Group Box 3 in Chapter 12} and Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) {Cross-Working Group Box 4 in Chapter 14} . This assessment also gives greater attention than AR5 to social, economic and environmental dimensions of mitigation actions, and institutional, legal and financial aspects. {5, 13, 14, 15}

The report draws from literature on broad and diverse analytic frameworks across multiple disciplines. These include, ''inter alia'' : economic and environmental efficiency {1} ; ethics and equity {4, 5, 17} ; innovation and the dynamics of socio-technical transitions {16} ; and socio-political-institutional frameworks {1, 5, 13, 14, 17} . These help to identify synergies and trade-offs with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), challenges and windows of opportunity for action including co-benefits, and equitable transitions at local, national and global scales. {1, 5, 13, 14, 16}

This Technical Summary (TS) of the WGIII contribution to the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) broadly follows the report chapter order and is structured as follows.

* TS Section 2 (TS.2) sets out how the global context for mitigation has changed and summarises signs of progress and continuing challenges.
* TS Section 3 (TS.3) evaluates emission trends and drivers including recent sectoral, financial, technological and policy developments.
* TS Section 4 (TS.4) identifies mitigation and development pathways in the near and mid-term to 2050, and in the longer term to 2100. This section includes an assessment of how mitigation pathways deploying different portfolios of mitigation responses are consistent with limiting global warming to different levels.
* TS Section 5 (TS.5) summarises recent advances in knowledge across sectors and systems including energy, urban and other settlements, transport, buildings, industry, and agriculture, forestry and other land-use (AFOLU).
* TS Section 6 (TS.6) examines how enabling conditions including behaviour and lifestyle, policy, governance and institutional capacity, international cooperation, finance, and innovation and technology can accelerate mitigation in the context of sustainable development.
* TS Section 7 (TS.7) evaluates how mitigation can be achieved in the context of sustainable development, while maximising co-benefits and minimising risks.

''Throughout this Technical Summary the validity of findings, confidence in findings, and cross-references to Technical Summary sections, figures and tables are shown in ( ) brackets.'' [[#footnote-031|2]] ''References to the underlying report are shown in { } brackets.''

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