Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-10 (section)

==== 10.4.2.3 Vulnerabilities to Key Drivers ====

<div id="h3-8-siblings" class="h3-siblings"></div>

Both natural and managed ecosystems, ecosystem services and livelihoods in Asia will potentially be substantially impacted by changing climate ( [[#Wu--2018d|Wu et al., 2018d]] ). There will be increased risk for biodiversity, particularly many endemic and threatened species of fauna and flora already under environmental pressure from land-use change and other regional and global processes ( [[#Zomer--2014|Zomer et al., 2014]] ; [[#Rashid--2015|Rashid et al., 2015]] ; [[#Choi--2019|Choi et al., 2019]] ). Biomes shift not only serves as a signal of climate change but also provides important information for resources management and ecotone ecosystem conservation. A widespread upwards encroachment of subalpine forests would displace regionally unique alpine tundra habitats and possibly cause the loss of alpine species ( [[#Schickhoff--2015|Schickhoff et al., 2015]] ). In North Asia, emissions from fires reduce forests’ ability to regulate climate. A warmer and longer growing season will increase vulnerability to fires, although fires can be attributed both to climate warming and to other human and natural influences. Recent field-based observations revealed that the forests in South Siberia are losing their ability to regenerate after fire and other landscape disturbances under a warming climate ( [[#Brazhnik--2017|Brazhnik et al., 2017]] ). Data support the hypothesis of a climate-driven increase in fire frequency in boreal forests with the possible turning of boreal forests from a carbon sink to a carbon source ( [[#Ponomarev--2016|Ponomarev et al., 2016]] ; [[#Schaphoff--2016|Schaphoff et al., 2016]] ; [[#Brazhnik--2017|Brazhnik et al., 2017]] ; [[#Ponomarev--2018|Ponomarev et al., 2018]] ); however, warming resulting from forest fire is partly offset by cooling in response to increased surface albedo of burned areas in a snow-on period ( [[#Chen--2018|Chen and Loboda, 2018]] ; [[#Chen--2018a|Chen et al., 2018a]] ; [[#Jia--2019|Jia et al., 2019]] ; [[#Lasslop--2019|Lasslop et al., 2019]] ).

<div id="10.4.2.4" class="h3-container"></div>

<span id="adaptation-options-1"></span>