Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-4 (section)

==== 4.2.5.3 Bioenergy Plays Significant Role in Resource Abundant Countries in Latin America and Parts of Europe ====

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Bioenergy could account for up to 40% of Brazil’s total final energy consumption, and a 60% share of fuel for light-duty vehicles by 2030 ( [[#Lefèvre--2018|Lefèvre et al. 2018]] ), and is considered most cost-effective in transport and industrial applications ( [[#Lap--2020|Lap et al. 2020]] ). BECCS in the power sector is also considered cost-effective option for supply-side mitigation ( [[#Borba--2012|Borba et al. 2012]] ; [[#Herreras%20Martínez--2015|Herreras Martínez et al. 2015]] ; [[#Lucena--2016|Lucena et al. 2016]] ).

Bioenergy also plays a prominent role in some EU countries’ deep decarbonisation strategies. Domestic biomass alone can help Germany meet its 95% CO 2 reduction by 2050 goal, and biomass and CCS together are needed to reduce CO 2 by 80% by 2050 in the Netherlands ( [[#Mikova--2019|Mikova et al. 2019]] ). Studies suggest that mitigation efforts in France include biofuels and significant increases in biomass use, including up to 45% of industry energy by 2050 for its net GHG neutrality goal ( [[#Doumax-Tagliavini--2018|Doumax-Tagliavini and Sarasa 2018]] ; [[#Capros--2019|Capros et al. 2019]] ). Increased imports may be needed to meet significant increases in EU’s bioenergy use, which could affect energy security and the sustainability of bioenergy production outside of the EU ( [[#Mandley--2020|Mandley et al. 2020]] ; [[#Daioglou--2020|Daioglou et al. 2020]] ).

While BECCS is needed in multiple accelerated mitigation pathways, large-scale land-based biological CDR may not prove as effective as expected, and its large-scale deployment may result in ecological and social impacts, suggesting it may not be a viable carbon removal strategy in the next 10–20 years ( [[#Vaughan--2016|Vaughan and Gough 2016]] ; [[#Boysen--2017|Boysen et al. 2017]] ; [[#Dooley--2018|Dooley and Kartha 2018]] ). The effectiveness of BECCS could depend on local contexts, choice of biomass, fate of initial aboveground biomass and fossil-fuel emissions offsets – carbon removed through BECCS could be offset by losses due to land-use change ( [[#Harper--2018|Harper et al. 2018]] ; [[#Butnar--2020|Butnar et al. 2020]] ; [[#Calvin--2021|Calvin et al. 2021]] ). Large-scale BECCS may push planetary boundaries for freshwater use, exacerbate land-system change, significantly alter biosphere integrity and biogeochemical flows ( [[#Heck--2018|Heck et al. 2018]] ; [[#Fuhrman--2020|Fuhrman et al. 2020]] ; [[#Stenzel--2021|Stenzel et al. 2021]] ; Ai et al. 2021). (Sections 7.4 and 12.5)

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