Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-13 (section)

===== Where Are We Now? =====

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'''Our current 1.1''' ° '''C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe (''' '''''very''''' '''''high confidence''''' [[#footnote-001|1]] ''').''' Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or attributed impacts of climate change in Europe, including extreme events ( ''high confidence'' ). Impacts of compound hazards of warming and precipitation have become more frequent ( ''medium confidence'' ). Climate change has resulted in losses of, and damages to, people, ecosystems, food systems, infrastructure, energy and water availability, public health and the economy ( ''very high confidence'' ) {13.1.4;13.2.1;13.3.1;13.4.1; 13.5.1;13.6.1;13.7.1;13.8.1;13.10.1} .

'''As impacts vary both across and within European regions, sectors, and societal groups (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''), inequalities have deepened (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' Southern regions tend to be more negatively affected, while some benefits have been observed, alongside negative impacts in northern and central regions. Traditional lifestyles, for example in the European Arctic, are threatened already ( ''high confidence'' ) ''.'' Poor households have lower capacity to adapt to, and recover from, impacts ( ''medium confidence'' ) {13.5.1;13.6.1;13.7.1;13.8.1.;13.8.2;13.10.1;Box 13.2} .

'''The range of options available to deal with climate-change impacts has increased in most of Europe since AR5 (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Growing public perception and adaptation knowledge in public and private sectors, the increasing number of policy and legal frameworks, and dedicated spending on adaptation are all clear indications that the availability of options has expanded ( ''high confidence'' ). Information provision, technical measures and government policies are the most common adaptation actions implemented. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) that restore or recreate ecosystems, build resilience and produce synergies with adaptation and mitigation are increasingly used. Many cities are taking adaptation action, but with large differences in level of ambition and implementation ( ''high confidence'' ) {13.2.2;13.3.2;13.4.2;13.5.2;13.6.2;13.7.2;13.8.2;13.10.2;13.11.1;13.11.2;13.11.3} .

'''Observed adaptation actions are largely incremental with only a few examples of local transformative action; adaptation actions have demonstrated different degrees of effectiveness in reducing impacts and feasibility of implementation (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' For example, adaptation actions such as flood defences and early warning systems have reduced flood damages and heat-related mortality in parts of Europe. Despite progress in adaptation, impacts are observed. Adaptation actions in the private sector are limited, with many businesses and regions remaining under-prepared. A gap remains between planning and implementation of adaptation action ( ''high confidence'' ) {13.2.2;13.5.2;13.6.2;13.7.2;13.11} .

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