Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-4 (section)

==== 4.3.3.6 Climate-resilient land use ====

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Urban land use influences energy intensity, risk exposure and adaptive capacity (Carter et al., 2015; Araos et al., 2016a; Ewing et al., 2016; Newman et al., 2016; Broto, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r379|379]]</sup> . Accordingly, urban land-use planning can contribute to climate mitigation and adaptation (Parnell, 2015; Francesch-Huidobro et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r380|380]]</sup> and the growing number of urban climate adaptation plans provide instruments to do this (Carter et al., 2015; Dhar and Khirfan, 2017; Siders, 2017; Stults and Woodruff, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r381|381]]</sup> . Adaptation plans can reduce exposure to urban flood risk (which, in a 1.5°C world, could double relative to 1976–2005; Alfieri et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r382|382]]</sup> , heat stress (Chapter 3, Section 3.5.5.8), fire risk (Chapter 3, Section 3.4.3.4) and sea level rise (Chapter 3,

Section 3.4.5.1) (Schleussner et al., 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r383|383]]</sup> .

Cities can reduce their risk exposure by considering investment in infrastructure and buildings that are more resilient to warming of 1.5°C or beyond. Where adaptation planning and urban planning generate the type of local participation that enhances capacity to cope with risks, they can be mutually supportive processes  (Archer et al., 2014; Kettle et al., 2014; Campos et al., 2016; Chu et al., 2017; Siders, 2017; Underwood et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r384|384]]</sup> . Not all adaptation plans are reported as effective (Measham et al., 2011; Hetz, 2016; Woodruff and Stults, 2016; Mahlkow and Donner, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r385|385]]</sup> , especially in developing-country cities (Kiunsi, 2013) <sup>[[#fn:r386|386]]</sup> . In cases where adaptation planning may further marginalize poor citizens, either through limited local control over adaptation priorities or by displacing impacts onto poorer communities, successful urban risk management would need to consider factors such as justice, equity, and inclusive participation, as well as recognize the political economy of adaptation (Archer, 2016; Shi et al., 2016; Ziervogel et al., 2016a, 2017; Chu et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r387|387]]</sup> .

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