Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-14 (section)

==== 14.5.4.3 Food and Fibre Adaptation: Cross-Cutting Themes ====

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Across food and fibre systems, climate resilience is enhanced through diversifying income and harvest portfolios as well as increasing local biodiversity and functional redundancy ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Messier--2019|Messier et al., 2019]] ; [[#Rogers--2019|Rogers et al., 2019]] ; [[#Young--2019|Young et al., 2019]] ; [[#Aquilué--2020|Aquilué et al., 2020]] ; [[#Fisher--2021|Fisher et al., 2021]] ). Ecosystem-based practices and sustainable intensification (increasing yields while minimising resource demand and ecosystem impacts) ( [[#Cassman--2020|Cassman and Grassini, 2020]] ; [[#Rockström--2021|Rockström et al., 2021]] ) will help the sector meet food production demands under climate change ( ''medium confidence'' ), but effectiveness generally declines and is less certain after 2050 in scenarios without carbon mitigation ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Bermeo--2014|Bermeo et al., 2014]] ; [[#Gaines--2018|Gaines et al., 2018]] ; [[#Costello--2020|Costello et al., 2020]] ; [[#Free--2020|Free et al., 2020]] ; [[#Holsman--2020|Holsman et al., 2020]] ). Across the sector, successful adaptation is underpinned by approaches that meaningfully consider the coupled social–ecological networks around food and fibre production and value IK ( ''very high confidence'' ) (see Box 14.1; [[#FAO--2018|FAO, 2018]] ; [[#Steele--2018|Steele et al., 2018]] ; [[#Calliari--2019|Calliari et al., 2019]] ). Integrated modelling, participatory planning and inclusive decision making promote effective and equitable adaptation responses ( ''very high confidence'' ) (Figure 14.7, [[#14.7|Section 14.7]] ) [[#Toledo-Hernández--2017|Toledo-Hernández et al., 2017]] ; [[#Eakin--2018|Eakin et al., 2018]] ; [[#Monterroso--2018|Monterroso and Conde, 2018]] ; [[#Alexander--2019|Alexander et al., 2019]] ; [[#Hodgson--2019|Hodgson and Halpern, 2019]] ; [[#Holsman--2019|Holsman et al., 2019]] ; [[#Samhouri--2019|Samhouri et al., 2019]] ; [[#Barbeaux--2020|Barbeaux et al., 2020]] ; [[#Hollowed--2020|Hollowed et al., 2020]] ), while a paucity of high-resolution and locally tailored climate change information remains a barrier to adaptation ( [[#Ekstrom--2015|Ekstrom et al., 2015]] ; [[#Donatti--2017|Donatti et al., 2017]] ; [[#Young--2019|Young et al., 2019]] ).

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'''Figure 14.7 |''' '''Adaptation in North American food sectors is shown, modified from Cottrell et al''' '''.''' '''(2019).'''

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