Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-2 (section)

==== 2.4.2.1 Evolution of primary energy contributions over time ====

<div id="section-2-4-2-1-block-1"></div>

By mid-century, the majority of primary energy comes from non-fossil-fuels (i.e., renewables and nuclear energy) in most 1.5°C pathways (Table 2.6). Figure 2.15 shows the evolution of primary energy supply over this century across 1.5°C pathways, and in detail for the four illustrative pathway archetypes highlighted in this chapter. Note that this section reports primary energy using the direct equivalent method on the basis of lower heating values (Bruckner et al., 2014) <sup>[[#fn:r363|363]]</sup> .

The share of energy from renewable sources (including biomass, hydro, solar, wind and geothermal) increases in all 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot, with the renewable energy share of primary energy reaching 38–88% in 2050 (Table 2.6), with an interquartile range of 52–67%. The magnitude and split between bioenergy, wind, solar, and hydro differ between pathways, as can be seen in the illustrative pathway archetypes in Figure 2.15. Bioenergy is a major supplier of primary energy, contributing to both electricity and other forms of final energy such as liquid fuels for transportation (Bauer et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r364|364]]</sup> . In 1.5°C pathways, there is a significant growth in bioenergy used in combination with CCS for pathways where it is included (Figure 2.15).

Nuclear power increases its share in most 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot by 2050, but in some pathways both the absolute capacity and share of power from nuclear generators decrease (Table 2.15). There are large differences in nuclear power between models and across pathways (Kim et al., 2014; Rogelj et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r365|365]]</sup> . One of the reasons for this variation is that the future deployment of nuclear can be constrained by societal preferences assumed in narratives underlying the pathways (O’Neill et al., 2017; van Vuuren et al., 2017b) <sup>[[#fn:r366|366]]</sup> . Some 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot no longer see a role for nuclear fission by the end of the century, while others project about 95 EJ yr <sup>−1</sup> of nuclear power in 2100 (Figure 2.15).

The share of primary energy provided by total fossil fuels decreases from 2020 to 2050 in all 1.5°C pathways, but trends for oil, gas and coal differ (Table 2.6). By 2050, the share of primary energy from coal decreases to 0–11% across 1.5°C pathways with no or limited overshoot, with an interquartile range of 1–7%. From 2020 to 2050 the primary energy supplied by oil changes by −93 to −9% (interquartile range −77 to −39%); natural gas changes by −88 to +85% (interquartile range −62 to −13%), with varying levels of CCS. Pathways with higher use of coal and gas tend to deploy CCS to control their carbon emissions (see Section 2.4.2.3). As the energy transition is accelerated by several decades in 1.5°C pathways compared to 2°C pathways, residual fossil-fuel use (i.e., fossil fuels not used for electricity generation) without CCS is generally lower in 2050 than in 2°C pathways, while combined hydro, solar, and wind power deployment is generally higher than in 2°C pathways (Figure 2.15).

In addition to the 1.5°C pathways included in the scenario database (Supplementary Material 2.SM.1.3), there are other analyses in the literature including, for example, sector-based analyses of energy demand and supply options. Even though they were not necessarily developed in the context of the 1.5°C target, they explore in greater detail some options for deep reductions in GHG emissions. For example, there are analyses of transitions to up to 100% renewable energy by 2050 (Creutzig et al., 2017; Jacobson et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r367|367]]</sup> , which describe what is entailed for a renewable energy share largely from solar and wind (and electrification) that is above the range of 1.5°C pathways available in the database, although there have been challenges to the assumptions used in high-renewable analyses (e.g., Clack et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r368|368]]</sup> . There are also analyses that result in a large role for nuclear energy in mitigation of GHGs (Hong et al., 2015; Berger et al., 2017a, b; Xiao and Jiang, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r369|369]]</sup> . BECCS could also contribute a larger share, but faces challenges related to its land use and impact on food supply (Burns and Nicholson, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r370|370]]</sup> (assessed in greater detail in Sections 2.3.4.2, 4.3.7 and 5.4). These analyses could, provided their assumptions prove plausible, expand the range of 1.5°C pathways.

In summary, the share of primary energy from renewables increases while that from coal decreases across 1.5°C pathways ( ''high confidence'' ). This statement is true for all 1.5°C pathways in the scenario database and associated literature (Supplementary Material 2.SM.1.3), and is consistent with the additional studies mentioned above, an increase in energy supply from lower-carbon-intensity energy supply, and a decrease in energy supply from higher-carbon-intensity energy supply.

<div id="section-2-4-2-1-block-2"></div>

<span id="figure-2.15"></span>
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<!-- IMG TITLE -->
'''Figure 2.15'''

<span id="primary-energy-supply-for-the-four-illustrative-pathway-archetypes-plus-the-ieas-faster-transition-scenario-oecdiea-and-irena-2017-371-panel-a-and-their-relative-location-in-the-ranges-for-pathways-limiting-warming-to-1.5c-with-no-or-limited-overshoot-panel-b."></span>
<!-- IMG CAPTION -->
'''Primary energy supply for the four illustrative pathway archetypes plus the IEA’s Faster Transition Scenario (OECD/IEA and IRENA, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r371|371]]</sup> (panel a), and their relative location in the ranges for pathways limiting warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot (panel b).'''
<!-- IMG FILE -->
[[File:5166e16ac63ca47f503bb1215474fab2 Figure-2.15-1024x608.jpg]]

The category ‘Other renewables’ includes primary energy sources not covered by the other categories, for example, hydro and geothermal energy. The number of pathways that have higher primary energy than the scale in the bottom panel are indicated by the numbers above the whiskers. Black horizontal dashed lines indicates the level of primary energy supply in 2015 (IEA, 2017e) <sup>[[#fn:r372|372]]</sup> . Box plots in the lower panel show the minimum–maximum range (whiskers), interquartile range (box), and median (vertical thin black line). Symbols in the lower panel show the four pathway archetypes S1 (white square), S2 (yellow square), S5 (black square), LED (white disc), as well as the IEA–(red disc). Pathways with no or limited overshoot included the Below-1.5°C and 1.5°C-low-OS classes.

Original Creation for this Report using IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Data hosted by IIASA

<!-- END IMG -->
<div id="section-2-4-2-1-block-3"></div>

<span id="table-2.6"></span>
<!-- START TABLE -->
'''Table 2.6'''

<span id="global-primary-energy-supply-of-1.5c-pathways-from-the-scenario-database-supplementary-material-2.sm.1.3.-values-given-for-the-median-maximum-minimum-across-the-full-range-of-85-available-1.5c-pathways.-growth-factor-primary-energy-supply-in-2050primary-energy-supply-in-2020-1"></span>
'''Global primary energy supply of 1.5°C pathways from the scenario database (Supplementary Material 2.SM.1.3). Values given for the median (maximum, minimum) across the full range of 85 available 1.5°C pathways. Growth Factor = [(primary energy supply in 2050)/(primary energy supply in 2020) − 1]'''

Values given for the median (maximum, minimum) across the full range of 85 available 1.5°C pathways. Growth Factor = [(primary energy supply in 2050)/(primary energy supply in 2020) − 1]
<!-- TABLE -->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! rowspan="2"| Median (max, min)
! rowspan="2"| Count
! colspan="3"| Primary Energy Supply (EJ)
! colspan="3"| Share in Primary Energy (%)
! rowspan="2"| Growth (factor)<br />
2020-2050
|-
! 2020
! 2030
! 2050
! 2020
! 2030
! 2050
|-
| rowspan="10"| Below-1.5°C and 1.5°C-<br />
low-OS pathways
| total primary
| 50
| 565.33
(619.70, 483.22)

| 464.50
(619.87, 237.37)

| 553.23
(725.40, 289.02)

| NA
| –0.05
(0.48, –0.51)

|-
| renewables
| 50
| 87.14
(101.60, 60.16)

| 146.96
(203.90, 87.75)

| 291.33
(584.78, 176.77)

| 14.90
(20.39, 10.60)

| 29.08
(62.15, 18.24)

| 60.24
(87.89, 38.03)

| 2.37
(6.71, 0.91)

|-
| biomass
| 50
| 60.41
(70.03, 40.54)

| 77.07
(113.02, 44.42)

| 152.30
(311.72, 40.36)

| 10.17
(13.66, 7.14)

| 17.22
(35.61, 9.08)

| 27.29
(54.10, 10.29)

| 1.71
(5.56, –0.42)

|-
| non-biomass
| 50
| 26.35
(36.57, 17.78)

| 62.58
(114.41, 25.79)

| 146.23
(409.94, 53.79)

| 4.37
(7.19, 3.01)

| 13.67
(26.54, 5.78)

| 27.98
(61.61, 12.04)

| 4.28
(13.46, 1.45)

|-
| wind &amp; solar
| 44
| 10.93
(20.16, 2.61)

| 40.14
(82.66, 7.05)

| 121.82
(342.77, 27.95)

| 1.81
(3.66, 0.45)

| 9.73
(19.56, 1.54)

| 21.13
(51.52, 4.48)

| 10.00
(53.70, 3.71)

|-
| nuclear
| 50
| 10.91
(18.55, 8.52)

| 16.26
(36.80, 6.80)

| 24.51
(66.30, 3.09)

| 2.10
(3.37, 1.45)

| 3.52
(9.61, 1.32)

| 4.49
(12.84, 0.44)

| 1.24
(5.01, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 50
| 462.95
(520.41, 376.30)

| 310.36
(479.13, 70.14)

| 183.79
(394.71, 54.86)

| 82.53
(86.65, 77.73)

| 66.58
(77.30, 29.55)

| 32.79
(60.84, 8.58)

| –0.59
(–0.21, –0.89)

|-
| coal
| 50
| 136.89
(191.02, 83.23)

| 44.03
(127.98, 5.97)

| 24.15
(71.12, 0.92)

| 25.63
(30.82, 17.19)

| 9.62
(20.65, 1.31)

| 5.08
(11.43, 0.15)

| –0.83
(–0.57, –0.99)

|-
| gas
| 50
| 132.95
(152.80, 105.01)

| 112.51
(173.56, 17.30)

| 76.03
(199.18, 14.92)

| 23.10
(28.39, 18.09)

| 22.52
(35.05, 7.08)

| 13.23
(34.83, 3.68)

| –0.40
(0.85, –0.88)

|-
| oil
| 50
| 197.26
(245.15, 151.02)

| 156.16
(202.57, 38.94)

| 69.94
(167.52, 15.07)

| 34.81
(42.24, 29.00)

| 31.24
(39.84, 16.41)

| 12.89
(27.04, 2.89)

| –0.66
(–0.09, –0.93)

|-
| rowspan="10"| 1.5°C-<br />
high-OS
| total primary
| 35
| 594.96
(636.98, 510.55)

| 559.04
(749.05, 419.28)

| 651.46
(1012.50, 415.31)

| NA
| 0.13
(0.59, –0.27)

|-
| renewables
| 35
| 89.84
(98.60, 66.57)

| 135.12
(159.84, 87.93)

| 323.21
(522.82, 177.66)

| 15.08
(18.58, 11.04)

| 23.65
(29.32, 13.78)

| 62.16
(86.26, 28.47)

| 2.68
(4.81, 1.17)

|-
| biomass
| 35
| 62.59
(73.03, 48.42)

| 69.05
(98.27, 56.54)

| 160.16
(310.10, 71.17)

| 10.30
(14.23, 8.03)

| 13.64
(16.37, 9.03)

| 23.79
(45.79, 10.64)

| 1.71
(3.71, 0.19)

|-
| non-biomass
| 35
| 28.46
(36.58, 17.60)

| 59.81
(92.12, 27.39)

| 164.91
(329.69, 55.72)

| 4.78
(6.64, 2.84)

| 10.23
(16.59, 4.49)

| 31.17
(45.86, 9.87)

| 6.10
(10.63, 1.38)

|-
| wind &amp; solar
| 26
| 11.32
(20.17, 1.91)

| 40.31
(65.50, 8.14)

| 139.20
(275.47, 30.92)

| 1.95
(3.66, 0.32)

| 7.31
(11.61, 1.83)

| 26.01
(38.79, 6.33)

| 16.06
(63.34, 3.13)

|-
| nuclear
| 35
| 10.94
(14.27, 8.52)

| 16.12
(41.73, 6.80)

| 22.98
(115.80, 3.09)

| 1.86
(2.37, 1.45)

| 2.99
(5.57, 1.20)

| 4.17
(13.60, 0.43)

| 1.49
(7.22, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 35
| 497.30
(543.29, 407.49)

| 397.76
(568.91, 300.63)

| 209.80
(608.39, 43.87)

| 83.17
(86.59, 79.39)

| 73.87
(82.94, 68.00)

| 33.58
(60.09, 7.70)

| –0.56
(0.12, –0.91)

|-
| coal
| 35
| 155.65
(193.55, 118.40)

| 70.99
(176.99, 19.15)

| 18.95
(134.69, 0.36)

| 25.94
(30.82, 19.10)

| 14.53
(26.35, 3.64)

| 4.14
(13.30, 0.05)

| –0.87
(–0.30, –1.00)

|-
| gas
| 35
| 138.01
(169.50, 107.07)

| 147.43
(208.55, 76.45)

| 97.71
(265.66, 15.96)

| 23.61
(27.35, 19.26)

| 25.79
(32.73, 14.69)

| 15.67
(33.80, 2.80)

| –0.31
(0.99, –0.88)

|-
| oil
| 35
| 195.02
(236.40, 154.66)

| 198.50
(319.80, 102.10)

| 126.20
(208.04, 24.68)

| 32.21
(38.87, 28.07)

| 33.27
(50.12, 24.35)

| 18.61
(27.30, 4.51)

| –0.34
(0.06, –0.87)

|-
| rowspan="10"| Two above classes combined
| total primary
| 85
| 582.12
(636.98, 483.22)

| 502.81
(749.05, 237.37)

| 580.78
(1012.50, 289.02)

| –
| 0.03
(0.59, –0.51)

|-
| renewables
| 85
| 87.70
(101.60, 60.16)

| 139.48
(203.90, 87.75)

| 293.80
(584.78, 176.77)

| 15.03
(20.39, 10.60)

| 27.90
(62.15, 13.78)

| 60.80
(87.89, 28.47)

| 2.62
(6.71, 0.91)

|-
| biomass
| 85
| 61.35
(73.03, 40.54)

| 75.28
(113.02, 44.42)

| 154.13
(311.72, 40.36)

| 10.27
(14.23, 7.14)

| 14.38
(35.61, 9.03)

| 26.38
(54.10, 10.29)

| 1.71
(5.56, –0.42)

|-
| non-biomass
| 85
| 26.35
(36.58, 17.60)

| 61.60
(114.41, 25.79)

| 157.37
(409.94, 53.79)

| 4.40
(7.19, 2.84)

| 11.87
(26.54, 4.49)

| 28.60
(61.61, 9.87)

| 4.63
(13.46, 1.38)

|-
| wind &amp; solar
| 70
| 10.93
(20.17, 1.91)

| 40.17
(82.66, 7.05)

| 125.31
(342.77, 27.95)

| 1.81
(3.66, 0.32)

| 8.24
(19.56, 1.54)

| 22.10
(51.52, 4.48)

| 11.64
(63.34, 3.13)

|-
| nuclear
| 85
| 10.93
(18.55, 8.52)

| 16.22
(41.73, 6.80)

| 24.48
(115.80, 3.09)

| 1.97
(3.37, 1.45)

| 3.27
(9.61, 1.20)

| 4.22
(13.60, 0.43)

| 1.34
(7.22, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 85
| 489.52
(543.29, 376.30)

| 343.48
(568.91, 70.14)

| 198.58
(608.39, 43.87)

| 83.05
(86.65, 77.73)

| 69.19
(82.94, 29.55)

| 33.06
(60.84, 7.70)

| –0.58
(0.12, –0.91)

|-
| coal
| 85
| 147.09
(193.55, 83.23)

| 49.46
(176.99, 5.97)

| 23.84
(134.69, 0.36)

| 25.72
(30.82, 17.19)

| 10.76
(26.35, 1.31)

| 4.99
(13.30, 0.05)

| –0.85
(–0.30, –1.00)

|-
| gas
| 85
| 135.58
(169.50, 105.01)

| 127.99
(208.55, 17.30)

| 88.97
(265.66, 14.92)

| 23.28
(28.39, 18.09)

| 24.02
(35.05, 7.08)

| 13.46
(34.83, 2.80)

| –0.37
(0.99, –0.88)

|-
| oil
| 85
| 195.02
(245.15, 151.02)

| 175.69
(319.80, 38.94)

| 93.48
(208.04, 15.07)

| 33.79
(42.24, 28.07)

| 32.01
(50.12, 16.41)

| 16.22
(27.30, 2.89)

| –0.54
(0.06, –0.93)

|}
<!-- END TABLE -->

<div id="section-2-4-2-1-block-4"></div>

<span id="table-2.7"></span>
<!-- START TABLE -->
'''Table 2.7'''

<span id="global-electricity-generation-of-1.5c-pathways-from-the-scenarios-database"></span>
'''Global electricity generation of 1.5°C pathways from the scenarios database'''

(Supplementary Material 2.SM.1.3). Values given for the median (maximum, minimum) values across the full range across 89 available 1.5°C pathways. Growth Factor = [(primary energy supply in 2050)/(primary energy supply in 2020) – 1].
<!-- TABLE -->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! rowspan="2"| Median (max, min)
! rowspan="2"| Count
! colspan="3"| Electricity Generation (EJ)
! colspan="3"| Share in Electricity Generation (%)
! rowspan="2"| Growth (factor)<br />
2020–2050
|-
! 2020
! 2030
! 2050
! 2020
! 2030
! 2050
|-
| rowspan="10"| TBelow<br />
-1.5°C and 1.5°C-<br />
low-OS pathways
| total generation
| 50
| 98.45
(113.98, 83.53)

| 115.82
(152.40, 81.28)

| 215.58
(354.48, 126.96)

| NA
| 1.15
(2.55, 0.28)

|-
| renewables
| 50
| 26.28
(41.80, 18.50)

| 63.30
(111.70, 32.41)

| 145.50
(324.26, 90.66)

| 26.32
(41.84, 18.99)

| 53.68
(79.67, 37.30)

| 77.12
(96.65, 58.89)

| 4.48
(10.88, 2.65)

|-
| biomass
| 50
| 2.02
(7.00, 0.76)

| 4.29
(11.96, 0.79)

| 20.35
(39.28, 0.24)

| 1.97
(6.87, 0.82)

| 3.69
(13.29, 0.73)

| 8.77
(30.28, 0.10)

| 6.42
(38.14, –0.93)

|-
| non-biomass
| 50
| 24.21
(35.72, 17.70)

| 57.12
(101.90, 25.79)

| 135.04
(323.91, 53.79)

| 24.38
(40.43, 17.75)

| 49.88
(78.27, 29.30)

| 64.68
(96.46, 41.78)

| 4.64
(10.64, 1.45)

|-
| wind &amp; solar
| 50
| 1.66
(6.60, 0.38)

| 8.91
(48.04, 0.60)

| 39.04
(208.97, 2.68)

| 1.62
(7.90, 0.38)

| 8.36
(41.72, 0.53)

| 19.10
(60.11, 1.65)

| 26.31
(169.66, 5.23)

|-
| nuclear
| 50
| 10.84
(18.55, 8.52)

| 15.46
(36.80, 6.80)

| 21.97
(64.72, 3.09)

| 12.09
(18.34, 8.62)

| 14.33
(31.63, 5.24)

| 8.10
(27.53, 1.02)

| 0.71
(4.97, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 50
| 59.43
(68.75, 39.48)

| 36.51
(66.07, 2.25)

| 14.81
(57.76, 0.00)

| 61.32
(67.40, 47.26)

| 30.04
(52.86, 1.95)

| 8.61
(25.18, 0.00)

| –0.74
(0.01, –1.00)

|-
| coal
| 50
| 31.02
(42.00, 14.40)

| 8.83
(34.11, 0.00)

| 1.38
(17.39, 0.00)

| 32.32
(40.38, 17.23)

| 7.28
(27.29, 0.00)

| 0.82
(7.53, 0.00)

| –0.96
(–0.56, –1.00)

|-
| gas
| 50
| 24.70
(32.46, 13.44)

| 22.59
(42.08, 2.01)

| 12.79
(53.17, 0.00)

| 24.39
(35.08, 11.80)

| 20.18
(37.23, 1.75)

| 6.93
(24.87, 0.00)

| –0.47
(1.27, –1.00)

|-
| oil
| 50
| 2.48
(13.36, 1.12)

| 1.89
(7.56, 0.24)

| 0.10
(8.78, 0.00)

| 2.82
(11.73, 1.01)

| 1.95
(5.67, 0.21)

| 0.05
(3.80, 0.00)

| –0.92
(0.36, –1.00)

|-
| rowspan="4"| 1.5°C-<br />
high-OS
| total generation
| 35
| 101.44
(113.96, 88.55)

| 125.26
(177.51, 89.60)

| 251.50
(363.10, 140.65)

| NA
| 1.38
(2.19, 0.39)

|-
| renewables
| 35
| 26.38
(31.83, 18.26)

| 53.32
(86.85, 30.06)

| 173.29
(273.92, 84.69)

| 28.37
(32.96, 17.38)

| 42.73
(65.73, 25.11)

| 82.39
(94.66, 35.58)

| 5.97
(8.68, 2.37)

|-
| biomass
| 35
| 1.23
(6.47, 0.66)

| 2.14
(7.23, 0.86)

| 10.49
(40.32, 0.21)

| 1.22
(7.30, 0.63)

| 1.59
(6.73, 0.72)

| 3.75
(28.09, 0.08)

| 7.93
(33.32, –0.81)

|-
| non-biomass
| 35
| 24.56
(30.70, 17.60)

| 47.96
(85.83, 27.39)

| 144.13
(271.17, 55.72)

| 26.77
(31.79, 16.75)

| 40.07
(64.96, 23.10)

| 69.72
(94.58, 27.51)

| 5.78
(8.70, 1.38)

|-
| rowspan="6"| 1.5°C-<br />
high-OS
| wind &amp; solar
| 35
| 2.24
(5.07, 0.42)

| 8.95
(36.52, 1.18)

| 65.08
(183.38, 13.79)

| 2.21
(5.25, 0.41)

| 7.48
(27.90, 0.99)

| 25.88
(61.24, 8.71)

| 30.70
(106.95, 4.87)

|-
| nuclear
| 35
| 10.84
(14.08, 8.52)

| 16.12
(41.73, 6.80)

| 22.91
(115.80, 3.09)

| 10.91
(13.67, 8.62)

| 14.65
(23.51, 5.14)

| 11.19
(39.61, 1.12)

| 1.49
(7.22, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 35
| 62.49
(76.76, 49.09)

| 48.08
(87.54, 30.99)

| 11.84
(118.12, 0.78)

| 61.58
(71.03, 54.01)

| 42.02
(59.48, 24.27)

| 6.33
(33.19, 0.27)

| –0.80
(0.54, –0.99)

|-
| coal
| 35
| 32.37
(46.20, 26.00)

| 16.22
(43.12, 1.32)

| 1.18
(46.72, 0.01)

| 32.39
(40.88, 24.41)

| 14.23
(29.93, 1.19)

| 0.55
(12.87, 0.00)

| –0.96
(0.01, –1.00)

|-
| gas
| 35
| 26.20
(41.20, 20.11)

| 26.45
(51.99, 16.45)

| 10.66
(67.94, 0.76)

| 26.97
(39.20, 19.58)

| 22.29
(43.43, 14.03)

| 5.29
(32.59, 0.26)

| –0.57
(1.63, –0.97)

|-
| oil
| 35
| 1.51
(6.28, 1.12)

| 0.61
(7.54, 0.36)

| 0.04
(7.47, 0.00)

| 1.51
(6.27, 1.01)

| 0.55
(6.20, 0.26)

| 0.02
(3.31, 0.00)

| –0.99
(0.98, –1.00)

|-
| rowspan="10"| Two above classes combined
| total generation
| 85
| 100.09
(113.98, 83.53)

| 120.01
(177.51, 81.28)

| 224.78
(363.10, 126.96)

| NA
| 1.31
(2.55, 0.28)

|-
| renewables
| 85
| 26.38
(41.80, 18.26)

| 59.50
(111.70, 30.06)

| 153.72
(324.26, 84.69)

| 27.95
(41.84, 17.38)

| 51.51
(79.67, 25.11)

| 77.52
(96.65, 35.58)

| 5.08
(10.88, 2.37)

|-
| biomass
| 85
| 1.52
(7.00, 0.66)

| 3.55
(11.96, 0.79)

| 16.32
(40.32, 0.21)

| 1.55
(7.30, 0.63)

| 2.77
(13.29, 0.72)

| 8.02
(30.28, 0.08)

| 6.53
(38.14, –0.93)

|-
| non-biomass
| 85
| 24.48
(35.72, 17.60)

| 55.68
(101.90, 25.79)

| 136.40
(323.91, 53.79)

| 25.00
(40.43, 16.75)

| 47.16
(78.27, 23.10)

| 66.75
(96.46, 27.51)

| 4.75
(10.64, 1.38)

|-
| wind &amp; solar
| 85
| 1.66
(6.60, 0.38)

| 8.95
(48.04, 0.60)

| 43.20
(208.97, 2.68)

| 1.67
(7.90, 0.38)

| 8.15
(41.72, 0.53)

| 19.70
(61.24, 1.65)

| 28.02
(169.66, 4.87)

|-
| nuclear
| 85
| 10.84
(18.55, 8.52)

| 15.49
(41.73, 6.80)

| 22.64
(115.80, 3.09)

| 10.91
(18.34, 8.62)

| 14.34
(31.63, 5.14)

| 8.87
(39.61, 1.02)

| 1.21
(7.22, –0.64)

|-
| fossil
| 85
| 61.35
(76.76, 39.48)

| 38.41
(87.54, 2.25)

| 14.10
(118.12, 0.00)

| 61.55
(71.03, 47.26)

| 33.96
(59.48, 1.95)

| 8.05
(33.19, 0.00)

| –0.76
(0.54, –1.00)

|-
| coal
| 85
| 32.37
(46.20, 14.40)

| 10.41
(43.12, 0.00)

| 1.29
(46.72, 0.00)

| 32.39
(40.88, 17.23)

| 8.95
(29.93, 0.00)

| 0.59
(12.87, 0.00)

| –0.96
(0.01, –1.00)

|-
| gas
| 85
| 24.70
(41.20, 13.44)

| 25.00
(51.99, 2.01)

| 11.92
(67.94, 0.00)

| 24.71
(39.20, 11.80)

| 21.03
(43.43, 1.75)

| 6.78
(32.59, 0.00)

| –0.52
(1.63, –1.00)

|-
| oil
| 85
| 1.82
(13.36, 1.12)

| 0.92
(7.56, 0.24)

| 0.08
(8.78, 0.00)

| 2.04
(11.73, 1.01)

| 0.71
(6.20, 0.21)

| 0.04
(3.80, 0.00)

| –0.97
(0.98, –1.00)

|}
<!-- END TABLE -->

<div id="section-2-4-2-2"></div>

<span id="evolution-of-electricity-supply-over-time"></span>