Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-5 (section)

==== 5.2.5.2 Food aid ====

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Food aid plays an important role in providing food security and saving lives after climate disasters. In 2015, 14.5 million people were assisted through disaster-risk reduction, climate change and/ or resilience building activities (WFP 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r456|456]]</sup> ). However, there is no agreement on how to better use emergency food aid, since it can come with unintended consequences for individuals, groups, regions, and countries (Barrett 2006 <sup>[[#fn:r457|457]]</sup> ). These may include negative dependency of food recipients (Lentz et al. 2005 <sup>[[#fn:r458|458]]</sup> ) or price increases, among others.

Some authors state that tied food aid provided as ‘in kind’ by the donor country hampers local food production (Clay 2006 <sup>[[#fn:r459|459]]</sup> ), although others found no evidence of this (Ferrière and Suwa-Eisenmann 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r460|460]]</sup> ). Untied cash aid can be used to buy food locally or in neighbouring countries, which is cheaper and can contribute to improving the livelihoods of local farmers (Clay 2006 <sup>[[#fn:r461|461]]</sup> ).

Ahlgren et al. (2014) <sup>[[#fn:r462|462]]</sup> found that food aid dependence of Marshall Islands due to climate change impacts can result in poor health outcomes due to the poor nutritional quality of food aid, which may result in future increases of chronic diseases. In this regard, Mary et al. (2018) <sup>[[#fn:r463|463]]</sup> showed that nutrition-sensitive aid can reduce the prevalence of undernourishment.

In summary, based on AR5 and SR15 assessments that the likelihood of extreme weather events will increase, (e.g., increases in heatwaves, droughts, inland flooding, and coastal flooding due to rising sea levels, depending on region) in both frequency and magnitude, decreases in food stability and thus increases in food insecurity will likely rise as well ( ''medium evidence, high agreement'' ).

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