Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-11 (section)

===== 11.3.4.2.1 Observed impacts =====

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Both the seasonality and annual production of pasture is changing ( ''high confidence'' ). In many regions, warming is increasing winter pasture growth ( [[#Lieffering--2016|Lieffering, 2016]] ); the effects on spring growth are more mixed, with some regions experiencing increased growth ( [[#Newton--2014|Newton et al., 2014]] ) and others experiencing reduced spring growth ( [[#Perera--2020|Perera et al., 2020]] ). Droughts are causing economic damage to livestock enterprises, with drought and market prices significantly affecting profit ( [[#Hughes--2019a|Hughes et al., 2019a]] ), in addition to the impacts on animal health and the livelihoods of pastoralists, periods of drought contribute to land degradation, particularly in the cattle regions of northern Australia ( [[#Marshall--2015|Marshall, 2015]] ). Heat load in cattle leads to reduced growth rates and reproduction, and extreme heat waves can lead to death ( [[#Lees--2019|Lees et al., 2019]] ; [[#Harrington--2020|Harrington, 2020]] ). Temperatures over 32°C reduce ewe and ram fertility along with the birth weight of lambs ( [[#van%20Wettere--2021|van Wettere et al., 2021]] ).

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