Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-5 (section)

==== 5.5.3.1 Transformations, equity and well-being ====

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Most literature related to CRDPs invokes the concept of transformation, underscoring the need for urgent and far-reaching changes in practices, institutions and social relations in society. Transformations towards a 1.5°C warmer world would need to address considerations for equity and well-being, including in trade-off decisions (see Figure 5.1).

To attain the anticipated ''transformations'' , all countries as well as non-state actors would need to strengthen their contributions, through bolder and more committed cooperation and equitable effort-sharing ( ''medium evidence, high agreement'' ) (Rao, 2014; Frumhoff et al., 2015; Ekwurzel et al., 2017; Millar et al., 2017; Shue, 2017; Holz et al., 2018; Robinson and Shine, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r312|312]]</sup> . Sustaining decarbonization rates at a 1.5°C-compatible level would be unprecedented and not possible without rapid transformations to a net-zero-emissions global economy by mid-century or the later half of the century (see Chapters 2 and 4). Such efforts would entail overcoming technical, infrastructural, institutional and behavioural barriers across all sectors and levels of society (Pfeiffer et al., 2016; Seto et al., 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r313|313]]</sup> and defeating path dependencies, including poverty traps (Boonstra et al., 2016; Enqvist et al., 2016; Lade et al., 2017; Haider et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r314|314]]</sup> . Transformation also entails ensuring that 1.5°C-compatible pathways are inclusive and desirable, build solidarity and alliances, and protect vulnerable groups, including against disruptions of transformation (Patterson et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r315|315]]</sup> .

There is growing emphasis on the role of ''equity, fairness'' and ''justice'' (see Glossary) regarding context-specific transformations and pathways to a 1.5°C warmer world ( ''medium evidence, high agreement'' ) (Shue, 2014; Thorp, 2014; Dennig et al., 2015; Moellendorf, 2015; Klinsky et al., 2017b; Roser and Seidel, 2017; Sealey-Huggins, 2017; Klinsky and Winkler, 2018; Robinson and Shine, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r316|316]]</sup> . Consideration for what is equitable and fair suggests the need for stringent decarbonization and up-scaled adaptation that do not exacerbate social injustices, locally and at national levels (Okereke and Coventry, 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r317|317]]</sup> , uphold human rights (Robinson and Shine, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r318|318]]</sup> , are socially desirable and acceptable (von Stechow et al., 2016; Rosenbloom, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r319|319]]</sup> , address values and beliefs (O’Brien, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r320|320]]</sup> , and overcome vested interests (Normann, 2015; Patterson et al., 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r321|321]]</sup> . Attention is often drawn to huge disparities in the cost, benefits, opportunities and challenges involved in transformation within and between countries, and the fact that the suffering of already poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged populations may be worsened, if care to protect them is not taken (Holden et al., 2017; Klinsky and Winkler, 2018; Patterson et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r322|322]]</sup> .

''Well-being for all'' (Dearing et al., 2014; Raworth, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r323|323]]</sup> is at the core of an ecologically safe and socially just space for humanity, including health and housing, peace and justice, social equity, gender equality and political voices (Raworth, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r324|324]]</sup> . It is in alignment with transformative social development (UNRISD, 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r325|325]]</sup> and the 2030 Agenda of ‘leaving no one behind’. The social conditions to enable well-being for all are to reduce entrenched inequalities within and between countries (Klinsky and Winkler, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r326|326]]</sup> ; rethink prevailing values, ethics and behaviours (Holden et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r327|327]]</sup> ; allow people to live a life in dignity while avoiding actions that undermine capabilities (Klinsky and Golub, 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r328|328]]</sup> ; transform economies (Popescu and Ciurlau, 2016; Tàbara et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r329|329]]</sup> ; overcome uneven consumption and production patterns (Dearing et al., 2014; Häyhä et al., 2016; Raworth, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r330|330]]</sup> and conceptualize development as well-being rather than mere economic growth ( ''medium evidence, high agreement'' ) (Gupta and Pouw, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r331|331]]</sup> .

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