Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-4 (section)

==== 4.2.5.10 Industrial Energy Efficiency ====

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Industrial energy efficiency improvements are considered in nearly all countries but for countries where industry is expected to continue to be a key sector, new and emerging technologies that require significant R&amp;D investment, such as hydrogen and CCS, make ambitious targets achievable.

In China, for example, non-conventional electrical and renewable technologies, including low-grade renewable heat, biomass use for high-temperature heat in steel and cement sectors, and additional electrification in glass, food and beverage, and paper and pulp industries, are part of scenarios that achieve 60% reduction in national CO 2 emission by 2050 ( [[#Khanna--2019|Khanna et al. 2019]] ; [[#Zhou--2019|Zhou et al. 2019]] ), in addition to increased recycled steel for electric arc furnaces and direct electrolysis or hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron and CCS utilisation in clinker and steel-making ( [[#Jiang--2018|Jiang et al. 2018]] ; [[#China%20National%20Renewable%20Energy%20Centre--2019|China National Renewable Energy Centre 2019]] ). Similarly, in India, ( [[#Vishwanathan--2020|Vishwanathan and Garg 2020]] ) point to the need for renewable energy and CCS to decarbonise the industrial sector. In EU-28, net CO 2 neutrality can only be reached with 92% reduction in industrial emissions relative to 1990, through electrification, efficiency improvement and new technologies such as hydrogen-based direct reduction of steel, low-carbon cement and recycling ( [[#Duscha--2019|Duscha et al. 2019]] ). Both China and EU see 50% of industry electrification by 2050 as needed to meet 1.5°C and net carbon neutrality pathways ( [[#Jiang--2018|Jiang et al. 2018]] ; [[#Capros--2019|Capros et al. 2019]] ).

Aggressive adoption of technology solutions for power sector decarbonisation coupled with end-use efficiency improvements and low-carbon electrification of buildings, industry and transport provides a pathway for accelerated mitigation in many key countries, but will still be insufficient to meet zero emission/1.5°C goals for all countries. Although not included in a majority of the studies related to pathways and national modelling analysis, energy demand reduction through deeper efficiency and other measures such as lifestyle changes and system solutions that go beyond components, as well as the co-benefits of the reduction of short-lived pollutants, needs to be evaluated for inclusion in future zero emission/1.5°C pathways.

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