Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/TS (section)

=== Justice, equity and governance ===

<div id="h3-29-siblings" class="h2-siblings"></div>

'''TS.D.9 Adaptation actions consistent with climate justice address near- and long-term risks through decision-making processes that attend to moral and legal principles of fairness, equity and responsibility including to historically marginalised communities and that distribute benefits, burdens and risks equitably (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Concepts of justice, consent and rights-based decision-making, together with societal measures of well-being, are increasingly used to legitimate adaptation actions and evaluate the impacts on individuals and ecosystems, diverse communities and across generations (''' '''''medium confidence''''' '''). Applying these principles as part of monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of adaptation, particularly during system transitions, provide a basis for ensuring that the distribution of benefits and costs are identified (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' { 1.4.1, 4.8, 5.10.4, 5.12.3, 6.1.5, 6.3.6, 12.5.7, 14.7.2, 17.5.1, CCB FEASIB, CCB GENDER }

'''TS.D.9.1 Near-term adaptation responses influence future inequalities, poverty, livelihood security and well-being (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Adaptation and mitigation approaches that exacerbate inequitable access to resources and fail to address injustice increase suffering, including water and food insecurity and malnutrition rates for vulnerable groups that rely directly or indirectly on natural resources for their livelihoods ( ''high confidence'' ). { 1.4.1, 5.12.3, 5.13.3, 6.3.6, 8.6.2, Box 9.3, 12.5.7, 18.1 }

'''TS.D.9.2 Under an inequality scenario (SSP4), the number of people living in extreme poverty could increase by more than 100 million (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' There is ''medium evidence and low agreement'' about the adaptation impacts of derivative-based insurance products. Insurance solutions are difficult for low-income groups to access ( ''medium confidence'' ). Formal insurance policies come with risks when implemented in a stand-alone manner, including risks of maladaptation ( ''medium confidence'' ). { 5.13.5, 5.14.1, 9.8.4, 9.11.4 }

'''TS.D.9.3 Climate-induced changes are not experienced equally across genders, income levels, classes, ethnicities, ages or physical abilities (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Therefore, participation of historically excluded groups, such as women, youth and marginalised communities (e.g., Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, the disabled and low-income households), contributes to more equitable and socially just adaptation actions. Adaptation actions do not automatically have positive outcomes for gender equality. Understanding the positive and negative links of adaptation actions with gender equality goals (i.e., SDG 5) is important to ensure that adaptive actions do not exacerbate existing gender-based and other social inequalities ( ''high confidence'' ). Climate literacy varies across diverse communities, compounding vulnerability { 2.6.3, 2.6.7, 4.3, 4.6, 4.6.9, 5.12.5, 5.14, 6.4.4, Box 6.1, 9.4.5, Box 9.1, 12.5.8, 16.1.4, CCB GENDER }

'''TS.D.9.4 Empowering marginalised communities in the co-production of policy at all scales of decision-making advances equitable adaptation efforts and reduces the risks of maladaptation (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Recognising Indigenous rights and local knowledge in the design and implementation of climate change responses contributes to equitable adaptation outcomes ( ''high confidence'' ). Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge play an important role in finding solutions and often creates critical linkages between cultures, policy frameworks, economic systems and natural resource management ( ''medium confidence'' ). Intergenerational approaches to future climate planning and policy will become increasingly important in relation to the management, use and valuation of social-ecological systems ( ''high confidence'' ). Many regions benefit from the significant diversity of local knowledge and systems of production, informed by long-standing experience with natural variability, providing a rich foundation for adaptation actions effective at local scales ( ''high confidence'' ). { 2.6.3, 2.6.7, 4.8.3, 4.8.4, 4.8.5, 5.12.5, 6.1, 6.4.1, 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 9.1, 9.12, 11.4.1, 11.4.2, 12.5.7, 12.5.8, 15.5.4, 15.5.5, 17.5.1, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3.2 CCP6.3.2] , CCP 6.6, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4.3 CCP6.4.3] , CCB NATURAL }

'''TS.D.9.5 Proactive partnerships of government with the community, private sector and national agencies to minimise negative social, environmental or economic impacts of economy-wide transitions are emerging, but their implementation is uneven (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' The greatest gains are achieved by prioritising investment to reduce climate risk for low-income and marginalised residents, particularly in informal settlements and rural communities ( ''high confidence'' ). Some city and local governments invest directly in adaptation action and work in partnership with a range of agencies. Legislative frameworks will assist business and insurance sector investment in key infrastructure to drive adaptive action at scale for equitable outcomes ( ''medium confidence'' ). { Box 5.8, 6.4, 6.4.1, 8.5.2, 8.6.3, 9.4.2, 17.4.3, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.4 CCP5.2.4] , CCB FINANCE }

'''TS.D.9.6 Inter-sectional, gender-responsive and inclusive decision-making can accelerate transformative adaptation over the long term to reduce vulnerability (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Approaches to adaptation that address the needs of the most disadvantaged, through co-production of knowledge, are more sensitive to diverse community priorities and can yield beneficial climate co-adaptation benefits. There are gender differences in climate literacy in many regions exacerbating vulnerability in agricultural contexts in access to resources and opportunities for climate resilient crops ( ''high confidence'' ) { 3.6.4, 4.6.5, 4.8.5, 5.4.4, 5.13.4, Table 5.6, 6.3.6, 9.4.2, 9.4.5, Box 9.2, CCB FEASIB, CCB MOVING PLATE }

'''TS.D.9.7 Local leadership, especially among women and youth, can advance equity within and between generations (''' '''''medium confidence''''' ''').''' Since AR5, social movements, including movements led by youth, Indigenous and ethnic communities, have heightened public awareness about the need for urgent, inclusive action to achieve adaptation that can also enhance well-being and advance climate justice. { 4.8.3, Box 5.13, 6.1.5, 6.2, 6.3.5, 6.4, 6.4.1, 6.4.7, Box 6.6, Box 9.1, Box 9.2 }

'''TS.D.9.8.''' Climate justice initiatives that explicitly address multi-dimensional inequalities as part of a climate change adaptation strategy can reduce inequities in access to resources, assets and services as well as participation in decision-making and leadership, and are essential to achieving gender and climate justice ( ''high confidence'' ). { Box 6.1, Box 9.2, 13.7.2, 13.11.1, CCB GENDER }

<div id="Enabling" class="h2-container"></div>

<span id="enabling-implementation"></span>