Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-9 (section)

==== 9.5.2.4 Circular and Sharing Economy (CSE) ====

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Non-technological CSE solutions, based on the Regenerate, Share, Optimise, Loop, Virtualise, Exchange (ReSOLVE) framework ( [[#CE100--2016|CE100 2016]] ; [[#ARUP--2018|ARUP 2018]] ) include sharing, virtualising and exchanging. These are less studied than circular materials, with notably less investigation of existing buildings and sharing solutions ( [[#Pomponi--2017|Pomponi and Moncaster 2017]] ; Høibye and Sand 2018; [[#Kyrö--2020|Kyrö 2020]] ; [[#European%20Commission--2020|European Commission 2020]] ).

The sharing economy generates an increased utilisation rate of products or systems by enabling or offering shared use, access or ownership of products and assets that have a low ownership or use rate. Measures include conditioned spaces (accommodation, facility rooms, offices) as well as tools and transfer of ownership (i.e., second-hand or donation) ( [[#Rademaekers--2017|Rademaekers et al. 2017]] ; [[#Mercado--2018|Mercado 2018]] ; [[#Hertwich--2020|Hertwich et al. 2020]] ; [[#Cantzler--2020|Cantzler et al. 2020]] ; [[#Harris--2021|Harris et al. 2021]] ; [[#Mata--2021a|Mata et al. 2021a]] ). The evidence on the link between user behaviour and net environmental impacts of sharing options is still limited ( [[#Laurenti--2019|Laurenti et al. 2019]] ; [[#Mata--2020a|Mata et al. 2020a]] ; [[#Harris--2021|Harris et al. 2021]] ) and even begins to be questioned, due to rebounds that partially or fully offset the benefits ( [[#Agrawal--2017|Agrawal and Bellos 2017]] ; [[#Zink--2017|Zink and Geyer 2017]] ). For example, the costs savings from reduced ownership can be allocated to activities with a higher carbon intensity, or result in increased mobility. Both reduced ownership and other circular consumption habits show no influence on material footprint, other than mildly positive influence in low-income households ( [[#Junnila--2018|Junnila et al. 2018]] ; [[#Ottelin--2020|Ottelin et al. 2020]] ).

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