Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-11 (section)

==== 11.5.3.1 Sustainable Development Goals Co-benefits Through Material Efficiency and Demand Reduction ====

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Material efficiency, an important mitigation option (SDG 13, climate action) for heavy industries, is yet to be fully acknowledged and leveraged ( [[#Gonzalez%20Hernandez--2018a|Gonzalez Hernandez et al. 2018a]] ; [[#Sudmant--2018|Sudmant et al. 2018]] ; [[#Dawkins--2019|Dawkins et al. 2019]] ). Material efficiency directly addresses SDG 12 (responsible production and consumption) but also provides opportunities to reduce the pressures and impacts on environmental systems (SDG 6, clean water and sanitation) ( [[#Olivetti--2018|Olivetti and Cullen 2018]] ). Exploiting material efficiency usually requires new business models and provides potential co-benefits of increased employment and economic opportunities (SDG 8, decent work and economic growth).

Material efficiency also provides co-benefits through infrastructural development (SDG 9, industry, innovation and infrastructure) ( [[#Mathews--2018|Mathews et al. 2018]] ) to support the wide range of potential material efficiency strategies including light-weighting, reusing, remanufacturing, recycling, diverting scrap, extending product lives, using products more intensely, improving process yields, and substituting materials ( [[#Allwood--2011|Allwood et al. 2011]] ). [[#Worrell--2016|Worrell et al. (2016)]] also emphasises how material efficiency improvements, in addition to limiting the impacts of climate change help deliver sustainable production and consumption co-benefits through environmental stewardship. [[#Binder--2017|Binder and Blankenberg (2017)]] and [[#Dhandra--2019|Dhandra (2019)]] show that sustainable consumption is positively related to life satisfaction and subjective well-being (SDG 3), and [[#Guillen-Royo--2019|Guillen-Royo (2019)]] adds positive associations with happiness and life satisfaction.

The reduction in excessive consumption and demand for products and services generates a reduction in post-consumption waste and so enhances clear water and sanitation (SDG 6) ( [[#Govindan--2018|Govindan 2018]] ; [[#Minelgaitė--2019|Minelgaitė and Liobikienė 2019]] ), and reduces waste along product supply chains and lifecycles (SDG 12) ( [[#Genovese--2017|Genovese et al. 2017]] ; UNSD 2020). At the risk side there are possible reductions of employment, incomes, sales taxes from the material extraction and processing activities, considered as excessive for sustainable consumption ( [[#Thomas--2003|Thomas 2003]] ).

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