Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/TS (section)

=== Enablers of societal resilience ===

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'''TS.E.3 A focus on climate risk alone does not enable effective climate resilience (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). The integration of consideration of non-climatic drivers into adaptation pathways can reduce climate impacts across food systems, human settlements, health, water, economies and livelihoods (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Strengthened health, education and basic social services are vital for improving population well-being and supporting climate resilient development (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). The use of climate-smart agriculture technologies that strengthen synergies among productivity and mitigation is growing as an important adaptation strategy (''' '''''high confidence''''' '''). Pertinent information for farmers provided by climate information services is helping them to understand the role of climate compared with other drivers in perceived productivity changes (''' '''''medium confidence''''' '''). Index insurance builds resilience and contributes to adaptation both by protecting farmers’ assets in the face of major climate shocks, by promoting access to credit and by adopting improved farm technologies and practices (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' { 3.6.4, 4.6, 4.7.1, 7.4.6, Box 9.1, Box 9.7, Box 9.8, Box 9.9, Box 9.10, Box 9.11, 12.5.4 }

'''TS.E.3.1 Societal resilience is strengthened by improving the management of environmental resources and ecosystem health, boosting adaptive capabilities of individuals and communities to anticipate future risks and minimise them and removing drivers of vulnerability to bring together gender justice, equity, Indigenous and local knowledge systems and adaptation planning (''' '''''very high confidence''''' ''').''' Societal resilience is founded on strengthening local democracy, empowering citizens to shape societal choices to support gender and equity inclusive climate resilient development ( ''very high confidence'' ). { 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.5, 7.4.6, 9.4.5, 13.11.3, 14.4, Box 14.1, 15.5.5, 17.5.1, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] , Box [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2 CCP6.2] , CCB GENDER }

'''TS.E.3.2 Some communities/regions are resilient with strong social safety nets and social capital that support responses and actions already occurring, but there is limited information on the effectiveness of adaptation practices and the scale of action needed (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Among island communities, greater insights into which drivers weaken local communities and Indigenous Peoples’ resilience, together with recognition of the sociopolitical contexts within which communities operate, can assist in identifying opportunities at all scales to enhance climate adaptation and enable action towards climate resilient development pathways ( ''medium evidence, high agreement'' ). Adaptation responses to climate-driven impacts in mountain regions vary significantly in terms of goals and priorities, scope, depth and speed of implementation, governance and modes of decision-making and the extent of financial and other resources to implement them ( ''high confidence'' ). Adaptation in Africa has multiple benefits, and most assessed adaptation options have medium effectiveness at reducing risks for present-day global warming, but their efficacy at future warming levels is largely unknown ( ''high confidence'' ) ''.'' In Australia and New Zealand, a range of incremental and transformative adaptation options and pathways is available as long as enablers are in place to implement them ( ''high confidence'' ). Several enablers can be used to improve adaptation outcomes and to build resilience ( ''high confidence'' ), including better governance and legal reforms; improving justice, equity and gender considerations; building human resource capacity; increased finance and risk transfer mechanisms; education and awareness programmes; increased access to climate information; adequately downscaled climate data; inclusion of Indigenous knowledge; and integrating cultural resources into decision-making ( ''high confidence'' ). { 9.3, 9.6.4, 9.8.3, 9.11.4, 11.7.3, 14.4, Box 14.1, 15.6.1, 15.6.5, 15.7, 15.6.3, 15.6.4, 15.6.5, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.4 CCP5.2.4] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.7 CCP5.2.7] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] , Box [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2 CCP6.2] , CCB GENDER }

'''TS.E.3.3 Identifying and advancing synergies and co-benefits of mitigation, adaptation and SDGs has occurred slowly and unevenly (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' One area of sustained effort is community-based adaptation planning actions that have potential to be better integrated to enhance well-being and create synergies with the SDG ambitions of leaving no one behind ( ''high confidence'' ). Complex trade-offs and gaps in alignment between mitigation and adaptation over scale and across policy areas where sustainable development is hindered or reversed also remain ( ''medium confidence'' ). Globally, decisions about key infrastructure systems and urban expansion drive risk creation and potential action on climate change ( ''high confidence'' ). { 4.7.6, 6.4.1, 6.4.3, 6.4.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.2.3, 6.3, 6.3.5.1, 6.4, 7.4.7, 9.3.2, CCB HEALTH, CWGB BIOECONOMY }

'''TS.E.3.4 Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge are crucial for social-ecological system resilience (''' '''''high confi''''' '''''dence''''' ''').''' Indigenous Peoples have been faced with adaptation challenges for centuries and have developed strategies for resilience in changing environments that can enrich and strengthen other adaptation efforts ( ''high confidence'' ). Supporting indigenous self-determination, recognising Indigenous Peoples’ rights and supporting Indigenous knowledge-based adaptation can accelerate effective robust climate resilient development pathways ( ''very high confidence'' ). Indigenous knowledge underpins successful understanding of, responses to and governance of climate change risks ( ''high confidence'' ). For example, Indigenous knowledge contains resource-use practices and ecosystem stewardship strategies that conserve and enhance both wild and domestic biodiversity, resulting in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and species that are often less degraded in Indigenous managed lands in other lands ( ''medium confidence'' ) ''.'' Valuing Indigenous knowledge systems is a key component of climate justice ( ''high confidence'' ). { 2.6.5, 2.6.7, 4.8.3, 3.6.3, 3.6.4, 3.6.5, 4.8.4, 4.8.5, 4.8.6, 7.4.7, Box 7.1, Box 9.2, 12.5.1, 12.5.8, 12.6.2, 13.2.2, 13.8, 13.11, 14.4, 14.7.3, Box 14.1, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP5.2.6 CCP5.2.6] , CP5.4.2, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] , Box [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.2 CCP6.2] , CCB INDIG, CCB NATURAL }

'''TS.E.3.5 Ecosystem-based adaptation reduces climate risk across sectors, providing social, economic, health and environmental co-benefits (''' '''''high confidence''''' ''').''' Direct human dependence on ecosystem services, ecosystem health, and ecosystem protection and restoration, conservation agriculture, sustainable land management and integrated catchment management support climate resilience. Inclusion of interdisciplinary scientific information, Indigenous knowledge and practical expertise is essential to effective ecosystem-based adaptation ( ''high confidence'' ), and there is a large risk of maladaptation where this does not happen ( ''high confidence'' ). (Figure TS.9 URBAN) { 1.4.2, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5. 2.6, Table 2.7, 3.6.2, 3.6.3, 3.6.4, 3.6.5, 4.6.6, Box 4.6, 5.14.2, 7.4.2, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, CCP1, [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.3 CCP6.3] , [https://www.ipcc.ch/chapter/ts#CCP6.4 CCP6.4] , CCB NATURAL }

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