Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-15 (section)

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-----

<div id="footnote-016" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-016-backlink|1]] The term Investment ‘Needs’ used in the chapter means equal to the term Investment Requirement used in SPM.

<div id="footnote-015" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-015-backlink|2]] Most of climate finance stays within national borders, especially private climate flows (over 90%). Reasons are national policy support, differences in regulatory standards, exchange rate, political and governance risks, to information market failures.

<div id="footnote-014" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-014-backlink|3]] In modelled pathways, regional investments are projected to occur when and where they are most cost-effective to limit global warming. The model quantifications help to identify high-priority areas for cost-effective investments, but do not provide any indication on who would finance the regional investments.

<div id="footnote-013" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-013-backlink|4]] In the chapter, USD units are used as reported in the original sources in general. Some monetary quantities have been adjusted selectively for achieving comparability by deflating the values to constant USD 2015 . In such cases, the unit is explicitly expressed as USD 2015 .

<div id="footnote-012" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-012-backlink|5]] In the chapter, USD units are used as reported in the original sources in general. Some monetary quantities have been adjusted selectively for achieving comparability by deflating the values to constant USD 2015 . In such cases, the unit is explicitly expressed as USD 2015 .

<div id="footnote-011" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-011-backlink|6]] In the chapter, USD units are used as reported in the original sources in general. Some monetary quantities have been adjusted selectively for achieving comparability by deflating the values to constant USD 2015 . In such cases, the unit is explicitly expressed as USD 2015 .

<div id="footnote-010" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-010-backlink|7]] The term Investment ‘Needs’ used in the chapter means equal to the term Investment Requirement used in SPM.

<div id="footnote-009" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-009-backlink|8]] In modelled pathways, regional investments are projected to occur when and where they are most cost-effective to limit global warming. The model quantifications help to identify high-priority areas for cost-effective investments, but do not provide any indication on who would finance the regional investments.

<div id="footnote-008" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-008-backlink|9]] In the chapter, USD units are used as reported in the original sources in general. Some monetary quantities have been adjusted selectively for achieving comparability by deflating the values to constant US Dollar 2015. In such cases, the unit is explicitly expressed as USD 2015 .

<div id="footnote-007" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-007-backlink|10]] Those under the UNFCCC, such as the GCF through its USD3 million per country readiness and preparatory support programme, the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme (ASAP) are focused on supporting the preparatory process of the NAPs. But the Adaptation Fund will support the implementation of concrete projects up to USD10 million per country.

<div id="footnote-006" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-006-backlink|11]] According to the climate bonds initiative, total green bond finance raised in 2018 was USD168.5 billion across 44 countries ( [[#UNFCCC--2019c|UNFCCC 2019c]] ).

<div id="footnote-005" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-005-backlink|12]] In context, while belonging to grey literature, reports from financial supervisors or non- academic stakeholders can be of interest for what they document in terms of changes in perception and incentives among the market players and hence of the dynamics of climate finance flows.

<div id="footnote-004" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-004-backlink|13]] In the chapter, USD units are used as reported in the original sources in general. Some monetary quantities have been adjusted selectively for achieving comparability by deflating the values to constant USD 2015 . In such cases, the unit is explicitly expressed as USD 2015 .

<div id="footnote-003" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-003-backlink|14]] According to the V20, ‘the term “climate-smart” captures the need for two types of climate-related insurance products for MSMEs in vulnerable economies: (1) Climate risk insurance (2) Insurance products which enable low carbon investments, and thereby contribute to increased efficiencies through cost-savings from cheaper low-carbon technologies’ ( [[#V20--2021|V20 2021]] ).

<div id="footnote-002" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-002-backlink|15]] GSIA is an international collaboration of membership-based sustainable investment organisations.

<div id="footnote-001" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-001-backlink|16]] Notably, the GCF provides guidance to Accredited Entities submitting funding proposals on the inclusion of an initial gender and social assessment during the project planning, preparation and development stage and a gender and social inclusion action plan at the project preparation stage.

<div id="footnote-000" class="_idFootnote"></div>

[[#footnote-000-backlink|17]] The Women’s Livelihood Bond (WLB) series has been on the market since 2017 when WLB1 was launched. WLB2 issuance of USD12 million arrived January 2020. WLB3 was launched December 2020 to support 180,000 underserved women and women entrepreneurs in the Asia Pacific region to respond, to recover from, and to build resilience in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (Rockfeller Foundation and Shujog 2016; [[#IIX--2020|IIX 2020]] ).