Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.6.1.4 Combating sand and dust storms through sand dune stabilisation ====

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Dust and sand storms have a considerable impact on natural and human systems (Sections 3.4.1 and 3.4.2). Application of sand dune stabilisation techniques contributes to reducing sand and dust storms ( ''high confidence'' ). Using a number of methods, sand dune stabilisation aims to avoid and reduce the occurrence of dust and sand storms (Mainguet and Dumay 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r1110|1110]]</sup> ). Mechanical techniques include building palisades to prevent the movement of sand and reduce sand deposits on infrastructure. Chemical methods include the use of calcium bentonite or using silica gel to fix mobile sand (Aboushook et al. 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r1111|1111]]</sup> ; Rammal and Jubair 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1112|1112]]</sup> ). Biological methods include the use of mulch to stabilise surfaces (Sebaa et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1113|1113]]</sup> ; Yu et al. 2004 <sup>[[#fn:r1114|1114]]</sup> ) and establishing permanent plant cover using pasture species that improve grazing at the same time (Abdelkebir and Ferchichi 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1115|1115]]</sup> ; Zhang et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1116|1116]]</sup> ) (Section 3.7.1.3). When the dune is stabilised, woody perennials are introduced that are selected according to climatic and ecological conditions (FAO 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r1117|1117]]</sup> ). For example, such re-vegetation processes have been implemented on the shifting dunes of the Tengger Desert in northern China leading to the stabilisation of sand and the sequestration of up to 10 tC ha <sup>–1</sup> over a period of 55 years (Yang et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r1118|1118]]</sup> ).

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