Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.4.4.1 Observed impacts ====

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Physical and chemical changes to the ocean resulting from increasing atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> and other GHGs are already driving significant changes to ocean systems ( ''very high confidence'' ) and will continue to do so at 1.5°C, and more so at 2°C, of global warming above pre-industrial temperatures (Section 3.3.11). These changes have been accompanied by other changes such as ocean acidification, intensifying storms and deoxygenation (Levin and Le Bris, 2015) <sup>[[#fn:r561|561]]</sup> . Risks are already significant at current greenhouse gas concentrations and temperatures, and they vary significantly among depths, locations and ecosystems, with impacts being singular, interactive and/or cumulative (Boyd et al., 2015) <sup>[[#fn:r562|562]]</sup> .

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