Editing IPCC:AR6/WGI/Chapter-10 (section)

==== 10.3.2.4 Control Simulations ====

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In recent years, the role of internal variability in the interpretation of climate projections has become clearer, particularly at the regional scale ( [[#10.3.4.3|Section 10.3.4.3]] ). A considerable fraction of CMIP5 and CMIP6 resources has been invested in generating an ensemble of centennial or multi-centennial control simulations with constant external forcings ( [[#Pedro--2016|Pedro et al., 2016]] ; [[#Rackow--2018|Rackow et al., 2018]] ). As part ofthe CMIP6 DECK ( [[#Eyring--2016a|Eyring et al., 2016a]] ) pre-industrial control (piControl) simulations have been conducted ( [[#Menary--2018|Menary et al., 2018]] ). Similarly, control simulations with present-day conditions (pdControl) have been performed to represent internal variability under more recent forcing conditions ( [[#Pedro--2016|Pedro et al., 2016]] ; [[#Williams--2018|Williams et al., 2018]] ). Control simulations have been used to study the role of internal variability, teleconnections and many other fundamental aspects of climate models (Z. [[#Wang--2015|]] [[#Wang--2015|Wang et al., 2015]] ; [[#Krishnamurthy--2016|Krishnamurthy and Krishnamurthy, 2016]] ). Control simulations are also used along with large ensembles of historical or scenario simulations to assess the characteristics of the regional internal climate variability ( [[#Olonscheck--2017|Olonscheck and Notz, 2017]] ).

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