Editing IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.3.1.3 Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Change ====

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The Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) experienced a marked shift to strongly negative mass balance between the early 1990s and mid–2000s ( ''very high confidence'' ) (Shepherd et al., 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r1008|1008]]</sup> ; Schrama et al., 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r1009|1009]]</sup> ; Velicogna et al., 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r1010|1010]]</sup> ; van den Broeke et al., 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r1011|1011]]</sup> ; Bamber et al., 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1012|1012]]</sup> ; King et al., 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1013|1013]]</sup> ; Sandberg Sørensen et al., 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1014|1014]]</sup> ; WCRP, 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1015|1015]]</sup> ). It is ''extremely likely'' that the 2002–2011 and 2012–2016 ice losses were greater than in the 1992–2001 period (Bamber et al., 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1016|1016]]</sup> ) (Table 3.3, Figure 3.7, SM3.3.1.3). GIS mass balance is characterised by large interannual variability (e.g., van den Broeke et al., 2017) but from 2005 to 2016, GIS was the largest terrestrial contributor to global sea level rise (WCRP, 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1017|1017]]</sup> ).

A geodetic reconstruction of past ice sheet elevations indicates a GIS mass change of –75.1 ± 29.4 Gt yr –1 from 1900 to 1983, –73.8 ± 40.5 Gt yr –1 from 1983 to 2003, and –186.4 ± 18.9 Gt yr –1 from 2003 to 2010, with the losses consistently concentrated along the northwest and southeast coasts, and more locally in the southwest and on the large west coast Jakobshavn Glacier, though intensifying and spreading to the remainder of the coastal ice sheet in the latest period (Kjeldsen et al., 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1018|1018]]</sup> ). Palaeo evidence also suggests that the GIS has contributed substantially to sea level rise during past warm intervals (Cross-Chapter Box 8 in Chapter 3).

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