Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-14 (section)

==== 14.5.6.3 Wildfire-Related Morbidity ====

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Smoke from intensified wildfire activity in North America is associated with respiratory distress ( ''very high confidence'' ), and persists long distances from the wildfire and beyond the initial high-exposure time (see Box 14.2; [[#Hutchinson--2018|Hutchinson et al., 2018]] ). Exposure to wildfire smoke increases hospital admissions ( [[#McLean--2015|McLean et al., 2015]] ; [[#Alman--2016|Alman et al., 2016]] ; [[#Reid--2016|Reid et al., 2016]] ; [[#Yao--2016|Yao et al., 2016]] ; [[#Rojas-Downing--2017|Rojas-Downing et al., 2017]] ). Increased wildfire smoke from climate change is projected to result in more respiratory hospital admissions in the western USA by 2046–2051 (A1B) ( [[#Liu--2016|Liu et al., 2016]] ; [[#Rojas-Downing--2017|Rojas-Downing et al., 2017]] ).

The magnitude of health risks varies by age ( [[#Le--2014|Le et al., 2014]] ; [[#Reid--2016|Reid et al., 2016]] ; [[#Liu--2017a|Liu et al., 2017a]] ; [[#Liu--2017b|Liu et al., 2017b]] ), gender ( [[#Delfino--2009|Delfino et al., 2009]] ; [[#Rojas-Downing--2017|Rojas-Downing et al., 2017]] ), socioeconomic conditions ( [[#Henderson--2011|Henderson et al., 2011]] ; [[#Rappold--2012|Rappold et al., 2012]] ; [[#Reid--2016|Reid et al., 2016]] ) and underlying medical conditions ( [[#Liu--2015|Liu et al., 2015]] ). The intersectionality of these subgroups plays an important role in health-related vulnerability to wildfire smoke. Among the elderly in the western USA, risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for African American women in lower-education counties ( [[#Liu--2017b|Liu et al., 2017b]] ). For Indigenous Peoples, medical visits for respiratory distress, heart disease and headaches increased during a wildfire in California ( [[#Lee--2009|Lee et al., 2009]] ). In northern Canada, Indigenous livelihoods were disrupted during a wildfire, which negatively impacted mental, emotional and physical health ( [[#Dodd--2018a|Dodd et al., 2018a]] ; [[#Howard--2021|Howard et al., 2021]] ).

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