Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-14 (section)

==== 14.5.6.8 Mental Health and Wellness ====

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Climate change has had, and will continue to have, negative impacts on mental health in North America ( ''high confidence'' ) (Figure 14.8). Climate change impacts mental health through multiple direct and indirect pathways stemming from extreme weather events, slower, cumulative events, and vicarious or anticipatory events ( [[#Cunsolo%20Willox--2013|Cunsolo Willox et al., 2013]] ; [[#Cunsolo%20Willox--2014|Cunsolo Willox et al., 2014]] ; [[#Durkalec--2015|Durkalec et al., 2015]] ; [[#Yusa--2015|Yusa et al., 2015]] ; [[#Schwartz--2017|Schwartz et al., 2017]] ; [[#Trombley--2017|Trombley et al., 2017]] ; [[#Burke--2018b|Burke et al., 2018b]] ; [[#Cunsolo--2018|Cunsolo and Ellis, 2018]] ; [[#Dodd--2018b|Dodd et al., 2018b]] ; [[#Hayes--2018|Hayes et al., 2018]] ; [[#Middleton--2020b|Middleton et al., 2020b]] ). Climate-change disruptions to infrastructure, underlying determinants of health and changing-place attachment are also stressors on mental health ( [[#Vida--2012|Vida et al., 2012]] ; [[#Cunsolo%20Willox--2013|Cunsolo Willox et al., 2013]] ; [[#Burke--2018b|Burke et al., 2018b]] ; [[#Obradovich--2018|Obradovich et al., 2018]] ).

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[[File:1e3c41ae4ee5a818864da379d328dde5 IPCC_AR6_WGII_Figure_14_008.png]]

'''Figure 14.8 |''' '''Pathways through which climate change impacts mental health risk in North America'''

In North America, climate change has been linked to strong emotional reactions; depression and generalised anxiety; ecological grief and loss; increased drug and alcohol usage, family stress and domestic violence; increased suicide and suicide ideation; and loss of cultural knowledge and place-based identities and connections ( [[#Cunsolo%20Willox--2013|Cunsolo Willox et al., 2013]] ; [[#Durkalec--2015|Durkalec et al., 2015]] ; [[#Harper--2015|Harper et al., 2015]] ; [[#Fernández-Arteaga--2016|Fernández-Arteaga et al., 2016]] ; [[#Schwartz--2017|Schwartz et al., 2017]] ; [[#Trombley--2017|Trombley et al., 2017]] ; [[#Burke--2018b|Burke et al., 2018b]] ; [[#Cunsolo--2018|Cunsolo and Ellis, 2018]] ; [[#Clayton--2020|Clayton, 2020]] ; [[#Dumont--2020|Dumont et al., 2020]] ).

Suicide is projected to increase in Mexico and the USA by 2050 due to rising temperatures (RCP8.5) ( ''limited evidence'' ) ( [[#Burke--2018b|Burke et al., 2018b]] ). Literature on climate change and mental health in North America is increasing; however, few population-level quantitative studies exist, although they are increasing (e.g., [[#Burke--2018b|Burke et al., 2018b]] ; [[#Kim--2019|Kim et al., 2019]] ; [[#Dumont--2020|Dumont et al., 2020]] ; [[#Middleton--2021|Middleton et al., 2021]] ).

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