Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-16 (section)

==== 16.4.3.2 Constraints Leading to Limits to Adaptation ====

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Across regions and sectors, a range of constraints (Figure 16.8) are identified as leading to limits to adaptation, particularly financial constraints and constraints related to governance, institutions and policy ( ''high confidence'' ) ''.'' While individual constraints may appear straightforward to address, the combination of constraints interacting with each other leads to soft limits that are difficult to overcome ( ''high confidence'' ). The interplay of many different constraints that lead to limits makes it difficult to categorise limits beyond being either soft or hard.

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'''Figure 16.8 |''' '''Constraints associated with limits by region and sector.''' Data from [[#Thomas--2021|Thomas et al. (2021)]] , based on 1682 scientific publications reporting on adaptation-related responses in human systems. See SM16.1 for methods. Constraints are categorised as: (1) economic: existing livelihoods, economic structures, and economic mobility; (2) social/cultural: social norms, identity, place attachment, beliefs, worldviews, values, awareness, education, social justice, and social support; (3) human capacity: individual, organisational, and societal capabilities to set and achieve adaptation objectives over time including training, education, and skill development; (4) governance, institutions and policy: existing laws, regulations, procedural requirements, governance scope, effectiveness, institutional arrangements, adaptive capacity, and absorption capacity; (5) financial: lack of financial resources; (6) information/awareness/technology: lack of awareness or access to information or technology; (7) physical: presence of physical barriers; and (8) biologic/climatic: temperature, precipitation, salinity, acidity, and intensity and frequency of extreme events including storms, drought, and wind. '''Insufficient data:''' there is not enough literature to support an assessment (fewer than five studies available); '''Minor constraint:''' &lt;20% of assessed literature identifies this constraint; '''Secondary constraint:''' 20–50% of assessed literature identifies this constraint; '''Primary constraint:''' &gt;50% of assessed literature identifies this constraint.

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