Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.7.1.1 Soil erosion under changing climate in drylands ====

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Soil erosion is a major form of desertification occurring in varying degrees in all dryland areas across the world (Section 3.2), with negative effects on dryland ecosystems (Section 3.4). Climate change is projected to increase soil erosion potential in some dryland areas through more frequent heavy rainfall events and rainfall variability (see Section 3.5.2 for a more detailed assessment) (Achite and Ouillon 2007 <sup>[[#fn:r1500|1500]]</sup> ; Megnounif and Ghenim 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r1501|1501]]</sup> ; Vachtman et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r1502|1502]]</sup> ; Zhang and Nearing 2005 <sup>[[#fn:r1503|1503]]</sup> ). There are numerous soil conservation measures that can help reduce soil erosion (Section 3.6.1). Such soil management measures include afforestation and reforestation activities, rehabilitation of degraded forests, erosion control measures, prevention of overgrazing, diversification of crop rotations, and improvement in irrigation techniques, especially in sloping areas (Anache et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1504|1504]]</sup> ; ÇEMGM 2017; Li and Fang 2016; Poesen 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1505|1505]]</sup> ; Ziadat and Taimeh 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r1506|1506]]</sup> ). Effective measures for soil conservation can also use spatial patterns of plant cover to reduce sediment connectivity, and the relationships between hillslopes and sediment transfer in eroded channels (García-Ruiz et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r1507|1507]]</sup> ). The following three examples present lessons learnt from the soil erosion problems and measures to address them in different settings of Chile, Turkey and the Central Asian countries.

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