Editing IPCC:AR6/Data/Glossary (section)

== N ==

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Narrative"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Narrative</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGII; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Qualitative descriptions of plausible future world evolutions, describing the characteristics, general logic and developments underlying a particular quantitative set of scenarios. Narratives are also referred to in the literature as “storylines”.</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Native_species"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Native species</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Indigenous species of animals or plants that naturally occur in a given region or ecosystem. Under climate change, many species colonise new areas where they may become native over time (following IPBES 2019).</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Natural_systems"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Natural systems</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The dynamic physical, physicochemical and biological components of the Earth system that would operate independently of human activities.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Natural_variability"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Natural variability</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Natural variability refers to climatic fluctuations that occur without any human influence, that is internal variability combined with the response to external natural factors such as volcanic eruptions, changes in solar activity and, on longer time-scales, orbital effects and plate tectonics.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Nature-based_solutions"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Nature-based solutions</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGII; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Nature-based solutions (NbS)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. (IUCN, 2016)</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Nature's_contributions_to_people"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Nature's contributions to people</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Nature's contributions to people (NCP)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' All the contributions, both positive and negative, of living nature (i.e., diversity of organisms, ecosystems, and their associated ecological and evolutionary processes) to the quality of life for people. Beneficial contributions from nature include such things as food provision, water purification, flood control, and artistic inspiration, whereas detrimental contributions include disease transmission and predation that damages people or their assets. Many NCP may be perceived as benefits or detriments depending on the cultural, temporal or spatial context (Díaz et al, 2018).</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Near-surface_permafrost"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Near-surface permafrost</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Permafrost within about 3–4 m of the ground surface. The depth is not precise, but describes what commonly is highly relevant for people and ecosystems. Deeper permafrost is often progressively less ice-rich and responds more slowly to warming than near-surface permafrost. The presence or absence of near-surface permafrost is not the only significant metric of permafrost change, and deeper permafrost may persist when near-surface permafrost is absent.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Negative_greenhouse_gas_emissions"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Negative greenhouse gas emissions</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities, that is, in addition to the removal that would occur via natural carbon cycle or atmospheric chemistry processes.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Net_negative_greenhouse_gas_emissions"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Net negative greenhouse gas emissions</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' A situation of net negative greenhouse gas emissions is achieved when metric-weighted anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) removals exceed metric-weighted anthropogenic GHG emissions. Where multiple GHG are involved, the quantification of net emissions depends on the metric chosen to compare emissions of different gases (such as global warming potential, global temperature change potential, and others, as well as the chosen time horizon).</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Net_primary_production"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Net primary production</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Net primary production (NPP)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The amount of carbon fixed by photosynthesis minus the amount lost by respiration over a specified time period.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Net_zero_CO2_emissions"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Net zero CO2 emissions</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGII; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Condition in which anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are balanced by anthropogenic CO2 removals over a specified period. Note: Carbon neutrality and net zero CO2 emissions are overlapping concepts. The concepts can be applied at global or sub-global scales (e.g., regional, national and sub-national). At a global scale, the terms carbon neutrality and net zero CO2 emissions are equivalent. At sub-global scales, net zero CO2 emissions is generally applied to emissions and removals under direct control or territorial responsibility of the reporting entity, while carbon neutrality generally includes emissions and removals within and beyond the direct control or territorial responsibility of the reporting entity. Accounting rules specified by GHG programmes or schemes can have a significant influence on the quantification of relevant CO2 emissions and removals.</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Net_zero_greenhouse_gas_emissions"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Net zero greenhouse gas emissions</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Condition in which metric-weighted anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are balanced by metric-weighted anthropogenic GHG removals over a specified period. The quantification of net zero GHG emissions depends on the GHG emission metric chosen to compare emissions and removals of different gases, as well as the time horizon chosen for that metric. [Note 1: Greenhouse gas neutrality and net zero GHG emissions are overlapping concepts. The concept of net zero GHG emissions can be applied at global or sub-global scales (e.g., regional, national and sub-national). At a global scale, the terms GHG neutrality and net zero GHG emissions are equivalent. At sub-global scales, net zero GHG emissions is generally applied to emissions and removals under direct control or territorial responsibility of the reporting entity, while GHG neutrality generally includes anthropogenic emissions and anthropogenic removals within and beyond the direct control or territorial responsibility of the reporting entity. Accounting rules specified by GHG programmes or schemes can have a significant influence on the quantification of relevant emissions and removals. Note 2: Under the Paris Rulebook (Decision 18/CMA.1, annex, paragraph 37), parties have agreed to use GWP100 values from the IPCC AR5 or GWP100 values from a subsequent IPCC Assessment Report to report aggregate emissions and removals of GHGs. In addition, parties may use other metrics to report supplemental information on aggregate emissions and removals of GHGs.]</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="New_Urban_Agenda"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">New Urban Agenda</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The New Urban Agenda was adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in Quito, Ecuador, on 20 October 2016. It was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly at its 68 th plenary meeting of the 71 st session on 23 December 2016.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Nitrogen_deposition"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Nitrogen deposition</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Nitrogen deposition is defined as the nitrogen transferred from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface by the processes of wet deposition and dry deposition.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Nitrous_oxide"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Nitrous oxide</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Nitrous oxide (N2O)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The main anthropogenic source of N2O, a greenhouse gas (GHG), is agriculture (soil and animal manure management), but important contributions also come from sewage treatment, fossil fuel combustion, and chemical industrial processes. N2O is also produced naturally from a wide variety of biological sources in soil and water, particularly microbial action in wet tropical forests.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-CO2_emissions_and_radiative_forcing"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-CO2 emissions and radiative forcing</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Non-CO 2 emissions included in this report are all anthropogenic emissions other than 2) carbon dioxide (CO that result in radiative forcing. These include short-lived climate forcers, such as methane (CH 4), some fluorinated gases, ozone (O 3) precursors, aerosols or aerosol precursors, such as black carbon and sulphur dioxide, respectively, as well as long-lived greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or other fluorinated gases. The radiative forcing associated with non-CO 2 emissions and changes in surface albedo (e.g., resulting from land-use change) is referred to as non-CO 2 radiative forcing.</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-climatic_driver"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-climatic driver</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Non-climatic driver (Non-climate driver)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' An agent or process outside the climate system that influences a human or natural system.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-communicable_diseases"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-communicable diseases</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes (WHO).</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-linearity"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-linearity</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' A process is called non-linear when there is no simple proportional relation between cause and effect. The climate system contains many such non-linear processes, resulting in a system with potentially very complex behaviour. Such complexity may lead to abrupt climate change and tipping points.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-methane_volatile_organic_compounds"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-methane volatile organic compounds</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' NMVOCs are major contributors (together with NOX and CO) to the formation of photochemical oxidants such as ozone.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Non-overshoot_pathways"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Non-overshoot pathways</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI; WGIII</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' Pathways that stay below a specified concentration, forcing, or global warming level during a specified period of time (e.g., until 2100).</div>
</div>

<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="North_American_monsoon"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">North American monsoon</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' North American monsoon (NAmerM)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The North American monsoon (NAmerM) is a regional-scale atmospheric circulation system with increases in summer precipitation over northwestern Mexico and southwest United States. The monsoonal characteristics of the region include a pronounced annual maximum of precipitation in boreal summer (June–July–August) accompanied by a surface low pressure system and an upper-level anticyclone, although seasonal reversal of the surface winds is primarily limited to the northern Gulf of California. Further details on how NAmerM is defined and used throughout the Report are provided in Annex V.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="North_Atlantic_Oscillation"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">North Atlantic Oscillation</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' The leading mode of large-scale atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic basin characterized by alternating (see-saw) variations in sea level pressure or geopotential height between the Azores High in the subtropics and the Icelandic Low in the mid- to high latitudes, with some northward extension deep into the Arctic. It is associated with fluctuations in the strength and latitudinal position of the main westerly winds across a vast North Atlantic–Europe domain, and thus with fluctuations in the embedded extratropical cyclones and associated frontal systems leading to strong teleconnection over the entire North Atlantic adjacent continents. The positive and negative phases of the NAO show similar characteristics described for the Northern Annular Mode (NAM). See Section AIV.2.1 in Annex IV of the AR6 WGI report.</div>
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<div class="glossary-entry">
<div id="Northern_Annular_Mode"></div>
=== <span class="glossary-term">Northern Annular Mode</span> ===

<div class="glossary-working-groups">'''Working Groups:''' WGI</div>

<div class="glossary-longer-term">'''Full term:''' Northern Annular Mode (NAM)</div>

<div class="glossary-definition">'''Definition:''' A see-saw latitudinal fluctuation in Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure or geopotential height between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes. The NAM has some links with the stratospheric polar vortex and is related to the fluctuation in strength and latitude of the mean westerlies. Its variance is maximum in winter and its pattern has a strong regional expression in the North Atlantic being strongly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation index. The NAM is also known as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In its positive phase, the NAM is characterized by anomalously low pressure over the Arctic and high pressure over the mid-latitudes/subtropics, with a strengthening of the zonally averaged westerly winds on their polar flank that confines colder air across the Arctic. The negative NAM phase is characterized by a more distorted wind pattern and jet meanders that increase storminess in the mid-latitude regions. See Section AIV.2.1 in Annex IV of the AR6 WGI report.</div>
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<div class="glossary-letter-section">