Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-7 (section)

==== 7.4.9.3 Inequality ====

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There is ''medium evidence'' and ''high agreement'' that one of the greatest challenges for land-based adaptation and SLM is posed by inequalities that influence vulnerability and coping and adaptive capacity – including age, gender, wealth, knowledge, access to resources and power (Kunreuther et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r953|953]]</sup> ; IPCC 2012 <sup>[[#fn:r954|954]]</sup> ; Olsson et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r955|955]]</sup> ). Gender is the dimension of inequality that has been the focus of most research, while research demonstrating differential impacts, vulnerability and adaptive capacity based on age, ethnicity and indigeneity is less well developed (Olsson et al. 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r956|956]]</sup> ). Cross-Chapter Box 11 in Chapter 7 sets out both the contribution of gender relations to differential vulnerability and available policy instruments for greater gender inclusivity.

One response to the vulnerability of poor people and other categories differentially affected is effective and reliable social safety nets (Jones and Hiller 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r957|957]]</sup> ). Social protection coverage is low across the world and informal support systems continue to be the key means of protection for a majority of the rural poor and vulnerable (Stavropoulou et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r958|958]]</sup> ) (Section 7.4.2). However, there is a gap in knowledge in understanding both positive and negative synergies between formal and informal systems of social protection and how local support institutions might be used to implement more formal forms of social protection (Stavropoulou et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r959|959]]</sup> ).

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