Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-12 (section)

==== 12.5.2.3 National Climate Change Commitments for Ocean and Coasts ====

<div id="h3-38-siblings" class="h3-siblings"></div>

Beyond the protection, conservation and climate-change adaptation strategies implemented on CSA ocean and coastal areas and their ecosystems, a high number of adaptation goals to address climate-change impacts on ocean and coastal ecosystems and their services are incorporated into most of the national climate-change adaptation commitments of CSA countries (Table 12.7).

<div id="_idContainer021" class="Figure"></div>

[[File:30870558b6410378baba00050cf7ffa9 IPCC_AR6_WGII_Figure_12_007.png]]

'''Figure 12.7 |''' '''Sectoral distribution of vulnerability levels to climate change for sub-regions.''' The vulnerability levels are based on studies that include: (a) databases with climate-change vulnerability indexes by country and sector, (b) studies that apply climate-change vulnerability indexes by sector at the local, national, regional or global scale, and (c) studies that define some vulnerability level based on the authors’ expert judgment.

'''Panel (a)''' shows the vulnerability and confidence levels for each sub-region.

'''Panel (b)''' indicates the references used and the level of vulnerability by sub-region. The numbers within the table indicate the reference used for the assessment in the following order: (1) [[#Aitken--2016|Aitken et al. (2016)]] ; (2) [[#Anderson--2018b|Anderson et al. (2018b)]] ; (3) Bañales-Seguel et al. (2018); (4) [[#Bouroncle--2017|Bouroncle et al. (2017)]] ; (5) [[#CAF--2014|CAF (2014)]] ; (6) Carrão et al. (2016); (7) [[#Donatti--2019|Donatti et al. (2019)]] ; (8) [[#Eguiguren-Velepucha--2016|Eguiguren-Velepucha et al. (2016)]] ; (9) [[#FAO--2020a|FAO (2020a)]] ; (10) [[#FAO--2020b|FAO (2020b)]] ; (11) [[#FAO--2021a|FAO (2021a)]] ; (12) [[#FAO--2021b|FAO (2021b)]] ; (13) [[#FAO--2021c|FAO (2021c)]] ; (14) [[#FAO--2021|FAO et al. (2021)]] ; (15) FAO and [[#ECLAC--2020|ECLAC (2020)]] ; (16) Ferreira Filho and Moraes (2015); (17) [[#Filho--2016|Filho et al. (2016)]] ; (18) Fuentes-Castillo et al. (2020); (19) [[#FSIN%20and%20Global%20Network%20Against%20Food%20Crisis--2021|FSIN and Global Network Against Food Crisis (2021)]] ; (20) [[#Global%20Health%20Security%20Index--2019|Global Health Security Index (2019)]] ; (21) [[#Godber--2014|Godber and Wall (2014)]] ; (22) Handisyde et al. (2017); (23) [[#Hannah--2017|Hannah et al. (2017)]] ; (24) [[#Immerzeel--2020|Immerzeel et al. (2020)]] ; (25) [[#Inform%20Risk%20Index--2021|Inform Risk Index (2021)]] ; (26) [[#Koutroulis--2019|Koutroulis et al. (2019)]] ; (27) Krishnamurthy et al. (2014); (28) [[#Lapola--2019a|Lapola et al. (2019a)]] ; (29) [[#Li--2018|Li et al. (2018)]] ; (30) [[#Lin--2020|Lin et al. (2020)]] ; (31) [[#Mansur--2016|Mansur et al. (2016)]] ; (32) [[#Martins--2017|Martins et al. (2017)]] ; (33) [[#Menezes--2018|Menezes et al. (2018)]] ; (34) [[#Nagy--2018|Nagy et al. (2018)]] ;35) [[#ND-Gain--2020|ND-Gain (2020)]] ; (36) [[#Northey--2017|Northey et al. (2017)]] ; (37) [[#Olivares--2015|Olivares et al. (2015)]] ; (38) [[#Pacifici--2015|Pacifici et al. (2015)]] ; (39) [[#Qin--2020|Qin et al. (2020)]] ; (40) [[#Romeo--2020|Romeo et al. (2020)]] ; (41) [[#Liu--2021|Liu and Chen (2021)]] ; (42) [[#Silva--2019b|Silva et al. (2019b)]] ; (43) [[#Soto%20Winckler--2019|Soto Winckler and Del Castillo Pantoja (2019)]] ; (44) [[#Soto--2019|Soto et al. (2019)]] ; (45) [[#Tomby--2019|Tomby and Zhang (2019)]] ; (46) [[#Venegas-González--2018b|Venegas-González et al. (2018b)]] ; (47) [[#Yeni--2017|Yeni and Alpas (2017)]] ; (48) Marengo et al. (2017); (49) Bedran-Martins et al. (2018); (50) [[#Confalonieri--2014a|Confalonieri et al. (2014a)]] . Detailed methodology can be found in SM12.2.

Current goals in national and sectoral adaptation plans attempt to promote research and monitoring (e.g., new research actions, modelling, knowledge management), the development of new legislative tools and policies (e.g., inter-institutional and territorial coordination, improvement of public policies), the conservation of ocean and coastal ecosystems and their biodiversity (e.g., creation of new MPAs, protection tools), the management of climate risks (e.g., warning systems), the management of productive activities (e.g., diversification of resources), the promotion of the construction of new infrastructure and technology (e.g., grey-green infrastructure [GGI]), the creation of new financial tools (e.g., types of insurance), improved the capacity building (e.g., education, awareness), water and residue management (e.g., sewage and freshwater availability), social inclusion (e.g., strategies to support vulnerable sectors, gender inclusion) and the incorporation of traditional practices (e.g., restoring traditional practices including Indigenous knowledge [IK]). However, the amount and type of adaptation goals differ enormously from country to country (Figure 12.12).

<div id="_idContainer033" class="Figure"></div>

[[File:132cb4a771760696aad3436e9a5196b7 IPCC_AR6_WGII_Figure_12_012.png]]

'''Figure 12.12 |''' '''Type and amount of adaptation goals identified in NAPs for ocean and coastal systems of CSA countries.'''

'''Table 12.7 |''' National plans with adaptation goals for ocean and coasts in CSA.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''CSA co''' '''unt''' '''ry'''

! '''Adaptation initiative'''

! '''Year'''

|-
| Argentina

| Plan Nacional de Adaptación y Mitigación al Cambio Climático 1

| 2019

|-
| Brazil

| National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (Volume 1); General Strategies 2

| 2016

|-
|
| National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (Volume 2); Sectoral and thematic strategies 3

| 2016

|-
| Chile

| Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático 4

| 2014

|-
|
| Plan Sectorial de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Biodiversidad 5

| 2014

|-
|
| Plan Sectorial de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Pesca y Acuicultura 6

| 2015

|-
|
| Plan de Adaptación y Mitigación de los Servicios de Infraestructura al Cambio Climático 7

| 2017

|-
|
| Plan de Adaptación al Cambio Climático Sector Salud 8

| 2017

|-
| Colombia

| Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático 9

| 2016

|-
| Costa Rica

| Política Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático 10

| 2018

|-
| Ecuador

| Plan Nacional de Cambio Climático 11

| 2015

|-
| El Salvador

| Plan Nacional de Cambio Climático 12

| 2015

|-
| Guatemala

| Plan de Acción Nacional de Cambio Climático 13

| 2018

|-
| Guyana

| Política de Adaptación y Plan de Implementación 14

| 2001

|-
| Honduras

| Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio 15

| 2018

|-
| Nicaragua

| Plan de Adaptación a la Variabilidad y el Cambio Climático en el Sector Agropecuario, Forestal y Pesca 16

| 2013

|-
| Peru

| Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático del Peru 17

| 2021

|-
| Suriname

| Suriname National Adaptation Plan 18

| 2019

|-
| Uruguay

| Plan Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático 19

| 2010

|-
| Belize

| Not Available

| 2019

|-
| Panamá

| Not Available

|
|-
| Venezuela

| Not Available

|
|}

References: 1 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Ambiente%20y%20Desarrollo%20Sostenible%20de%20la%20República%20de%20Argentina--2019|Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la República de Argentina, 2019]] ) 2 ( [[#Ministry%20of%20Environment%20of%20Brazil--2016a|Ministry of Environment of Brazil, 2016a]] ) 3 ( [[#Ministry%20of%20Environment%20of%20Brazil--2016b|Ministry of Environment of Brazil, 2016b]] ) 4 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Medio%20Ambiente%20de%20Chile--2014b|Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Chile, 2014b]] ) 5 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Medio%20Ambiente%20de%20Chile--2014a|Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Chile, 2014a]] ) 6 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Economía%20Fomento%20y%20Turismo%20de%20Chile--2015|Ministerio de Economía Fomento y Turismo de Chile, 2015]] ) 7 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Medio%20Ambiente%20de%20Chile--2017|Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Chile, 2017]] ) 8 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Salud%20de%20Chile--2017|Ministerio de Salud de Chile, 2017]] ) 9 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Ambiente%20y%20Desarrollo%20Sostenible%20de%20Colombia--2016|Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de Colombia, 2016]] ) 10 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Ambiente%20y%20Energía%20de%20la%20República%20de%20Costa%20Rica--2018|Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía de la República de Costa Rica, 2018]] ) 11 ( [[#Gobierno%20Nacional%20de%20la%20República%20del%20Ecuador--2015|Gobierno Nacional de la República del Ecuador, 2015]] ) 12 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Medio%20Ambiente%20y%20Recursos%20Naturales%20de%20El%20Salvador--2015|Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de El Salvador, 2015]] ) 13 ( [[#Consejo%20Nacional%20de%20Cambio%20Climático%20y%20la%20Secretaría%20de%20Planificación%20y%20Programación%20de%20la%20Presidencia%20de%20Guatemala--2018|Consejo Nacional de Cambio Climático y la Secretaría de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia de Guatemala, 2018]] ) 14 ( [[#National%20Ozone%20Action%20Unit%20of%20Guyana--2016|National Ozone Action Unit of Guyana, 2016]] ) 15 ( [[#Secretaría%20de%20Recursos%20Naturales%20y%20Ambiente%20del%20Gobierno%20de%20la%20República%20de%20Honduras--2018|Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente del Gobierno de la República de Honduras, 2018]] ) 16 ( [[#Ministerio%20Agropecuario%20y%20Forestal%20de%20Nicaragua--2013|Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal de Nicaragua, 2013]] ) 17 (Ministerio del Ambiente Gobierno del Perú, 2021) 18 ( [[#Government%20of%20Suriname--2019|Government of Suriname, 2019]] ) 19 ( [[#Ministerio%20de%20Vivienda%20Ordenamiento%20Territorial%20y%20Medio%20Ambiente%20de%20la%20República%20de%20Uruguay--2010|Ministerio de Vivienda Ordenamiento Territorial y Medio Ambiente de la República de Uruguay, 2010]] )

<div id="12.5.2.4" class="h3-container"></div>

<span id="limits-and-barriers-to-adaptation-in-ocean-and-coastal-ecosystems"></span>