Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-11 (section)

=== 11.3.9 Mining ===

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Many mines are exposed and sensitive to climate extremes ( ''high confidence'' ), but there is little available research on climate change impacts on them ( [[#Odell--2018|Odell et al., 2018]] ). Most Australian mines face higher temperatures, cyclones, erosion and landslides and hazards such as sea level rise (SLR) and storms across their supply chains, including ports ( [[#Cahoon--2016|Cahoon et al., 2016]] ). Impacts include operational disruptions such as acute drainage problems ( [[#Loechel--2014|Loechel and Hodgkinson, 2014]] ) and heat-induced illness, irritation and absenteeism among workers ( [[#McTernan--2016|McTernan et al., 2016]] ), lost revenue and increased costs ( [[#Pizarro--2017|Pizarro et al., 2017]] ).

Damage and disruption from climate impacts can cost operators billions of dollars ( [[#Cahoon--2016|Cahoon et al., 2016]] ). Climatic extremes increase the risk and impact of spillages along transportation routes ( [[#Grech--2016|Grech et al., 2016]] ), exacerbate mining’s effects on hydrology, ecosystems and air quality ( [[#Phillips--2016|Phillips, 2016]] ; [[#Ali--2018|Ali et al., 2018]] ), increase contamination risks ( [[#Metcalfe--2016|Metcalfe and Bui, 2016]] ) and disrupt and slow mine site rehabilitation ( [[#Wardell-Johnson--2015|Wardell-Johnson et al., 2015]] ; [[#Hancock--2017|Hancock et al., 2017]] ). Adaptations such as improved water management are emerging slowly ( [[#Gasbarro--2016|Gasbarro et al., 2016]] ; [[#Becker--2018|Becker et al., 2018]] ). Some companies are spatially diversifying and relocating ( [[#Hodgkinson--2014|Hodgkinson et al., 2014]] ). Others are replacing workers with automation and remote operations ( [[#Halteh--2018|Halteh et al., 2018]] ; [[#Keenan--2019|Keenan et al., 2019]] ).

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