Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-12 (section)

=== FAQ 12.1 | How could new technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere contribute to climate change mitigation? ===

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Limiting the increase in warming to well below 2°C, and achieving net zero CO 2 or GHG emissions, will require anthropogenic CO 2 removal from the atmosphere.

The carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods studied so far have different removal potentials, costs, co-benefits and side effects. Some biological methods for achieving CDR, like afforestation/reforestation or wetland restoration, have long been practised. If implemented well, these practices can provide a range of co-benefits, but they can also have adverse side effects such as biodiversity loss or food price increases. Other chemical and geochemical approaches to CDR include direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), enhanced weathering or ocean alkalinity enhancement. They are generally less vulnerable to reversal than biological methods.

DACCS uses chemicals that bind to CO 2 directly from the air; the CO 2 is then removed from the sorbent and stored underground or mineralised. Enhanced weathering involves the mining of rocks containing minerals that naturally absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere over geological timescales, which are crushed to increase the surface area and spread on soils (or elsewhere) where they absorb atmospheric CO 2 . Ocean alkalinity enhancement involves the extraction, processing, and dissolution of minerals and addition to the ocean where they enhance sequestration of CO 2 as bicarbonate and carbonate ions in the ocean.

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