Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-5 (section)

=== 5.5.1 Supply-side mitigation options ===

<div id="section-5-5-1-supply-side-mitigation-options-block-1"></div>

The IPCC AR5 identified options for GHG mitigation in agriculture, including cropland management, restoration of organic soils, grazing land management and livestock, with a total mitigation potential of 1.6–4.6 GtCO <sub>2</sub> -eq yr <sup>–1</sup> by 2030 (compared to baseline emissions in the same year), at carbon prices from 20 to 100 USD per tCO <sub>2</sub> -eq (Smith et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r744|744]]</sup> ). Reductions in GHG emissions intensity (emissions per unit product) from livestock and animal products can also be a means to achieve reductions in absolute emissions in specific contexts and with appropriate governance ( ''medium confidence'' ). Agroforestry mitigation practices include rotational woodlots, long-term fallow, and integrated land use.

Emissions from food systems can be reduced significantly by the implementation of practices that reduce carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities related to the production of crops, livestock, and aquaculture. These include implementation of more sustainable and efficient crop and livestock production practices aimed at reducing the amount of land needed per output (reductions in GHG emissions intensity from livestock and animal production can support reductions in absolute emissions if total production is constrained), bridging yield gaps, implementing better feeding practices for animals and fish in aquaculture, and better manure management (FAO 2019a <sup>[[#fn:r745|745]]</sup> ). Practices that promote soil improvements and carbon sequestration can also play an important role. In the South America region, reduction of deforestation, restoration of degraded pasture areas, and adoption of agroforestry and no-till agricultural techniques play a major role in the nation’s voluntary commitments to reduce GHG emissions in the country’s mitigation activities (Box 5.4).

The importance of supply-side mitigation options is that these can be directly applied by food system actors (farmers, processors, retailers) and can contribute to improved livelihoods and income generation. Recognising and empowering farming system actors with the right incentives and governance systems will be crucial to increasing the adoption rates of effective mitigation practices and to build convincing cases for enabling GHG mitigation (Section 5.7 and Chapter 7).

<div id="section-5-5-1-supply-side-mitigation-options-block-2" class="box"></div>

<span id="box-5.4-towards-sustainable-intensification-in-south-america"></span>