Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.7.3.2 Implications of Mitigation Efforts Along Pathways ====

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The effects of mitigation on water demand depends on the mitigation technologies deployed ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Chaturvedi--2013a|Chaturvedi et al. 2013a]] ,b; [[#Hanasaki--2013|Hanasaki et al. 2013]] ; [[#Kyle--2013|Kyle et al. 2013]] ; [[#Hejazi--2014|Hejazi et al. 2014]] ; [[#Bonsch--2016|Bonsch et al. 2016]] ; [[#Jakob--2016|Jakob and Steckel 2016]] ; [[#Mouratiadou--2016|Mouratiadou et al. 2016]] ; [[#Fujimori--2017|Fujimori et al. 2017]] ; [[#Maïzi--2017|Maïzi et al. 2017]] ; [[#Bijl--2018|Bijl et al. 2018]] ; [[#Cui--2018|Cui et al. 2018]] ; [[#Graham--2018|Graham et al. 2018]] ; [[#Parkinson--2019|Parkinson et al. 2019]] ). Some mitigation options could increase water consumption (volume removed and not returned) while decreasing withdrawals (total volume of water removed, some of which may be returned) ( [[#Kyle--2013|Kyle et al. 2013]] ; [[#Fricko--2016|Fricko et al. 2016]] ; [[#Mouratiadou--2016|Mouratiadou et al. 2016]] ; [[#Parkinson--2019|Parkinson et al. 2019]] ). Bioenergy and BECCS can increase water withdrawals and water consumption ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Chaturvedi--2013a|Chaturvedi et al. 2013a]] ; [[#Kyle--2013|Kyle et al. 2013]] ; [[#Hejazi--2014|Hejazi et al. 2014]] ; [[#Bonsch--2016|Bonsch et al. 2016]] ; [[#Jakob--2016|Jakob and Steckel 2016]] ; [[#Mouratiadou--2016|Mouratiadou et al. 2016]] ; [[#Fujimori--2017|Fujimori et al. 2017]] ; [[#Maïzi--2017|Maïzi et al. 2017]] ; [[#Séférian--2018|Séférian et al. 2018]] ; [[#Yamagata--2018|Yamagata et al. 2018]] ; [[#Parkinson--2019|Parkinson et al. 2019]] ) (AR6 WGII Chapter 4). DACCS ( [[#Fuhrman--2020|Fuhrman et al. 2020]] ) and CCS ( [[#Kyle--2013|Kyle et al. 2013]] ; [[#Fujimori--2017|Fujimori et al. 2017]] ) could increase water demand; however, the implications of CCS depend on the cooling technology and when capture occurs ( [[#Magneschi--2017|Magneschi et al. 2017]] ; [[#Maïzi--2017|Maïzi et al. 2017]] ; [[#Giannaris--2020|Giannaris et al. 2020]] ). Demand-side mitigation (e.g., dietary change, reduced food waste, reduced energy demand) can reduce water demand ( [[#Bajželj--2014|Bajželj et al. 2014]] ; Aleksandrowicz et al. 2016; [[#Green--2018|Green et al. 2018]] ; [[#Springmann--2018|Springmann et al. 2018]] ). Introducing specific measures (e.g., environmental flow requirements, improved efficiency, priority rules) can reduce water withdrawals ( [[#Bertram--2018|Bertram et al. 2018]] ; [[#Bijl--2018|Bijl et al. 2018]] ; [[#Parkinson--2019|Parkinson et al. 2019]] ).

The effect of mitigation on water quality depends on the mitigation option, its implementation, and the aspect of quality considered ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Ng--2010|Ng et al. 2010]] ; [[#Flörke--2019|Flörke et al. 2019]] ; [[#Sinha--2019|Sinha et al. 2019]] ; [[#Smith--2019|Smith et al. 2019]] ; [[#Fuhrman--2020|Fuhrman et al. 2020]] ; [[#Karlsson--2020|Karlsson et al. 2020]] ; [[#McElwee--2020|McElwee et al. 2020]] ).

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