Editing IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-13 (section)

=== 13.8.1 Synergies Between Adaptation and Mitigation ===

<div id="h2-25-siblings" class="h2-siblings"></div>

Integrated climate-development actions require a context-specific understanding of synergies and trade-offs with other policy priorities (Figure 13.6) with the aim of implementing mitigation/adaptation policies that reduce GHG emissions while simultaneously strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability ( ''robust evidence'' , ''high agreement'' ) ( [[#Klein--2005|Klein et al. 2005]] ; [[#IPCC--2007|IPCC 2007]] ; [[#Zhao--2018|Zhao et al. 2018]] ; [[#Mills‐Novoa--2019|Mills‐Novoa and Liverman 2019]] ; [[#Solecki--2019|Solecki et al. 2019]] ). Efficient, equitable and inclusive policies which also acknowledge and contribute directly to other pressing priorities such reducing poverty, improving health, providing access to clean water, and fostering sustainable consumption and production practices are helpful for mitigation/adaptation goals ( ''robust evidence'' , ''high agreement'' ) ( [[#Landauer--2019|Landauer et al. 2019]] ; [[#Grafakos--2020|Grafakos et al. 2020]] ).

Adaptation and mitigation are deeply linked in practice – at the local level, for instance, asset managers address integrated low-carbon resilience to climate change impacts and urban planners do the same ( [[#Ürge-Vorsatz--2018|Ürge-Vorsatz et al. 2018]] ; [[#Grafakos--2020|Grafakos et al. 2020]] ) (Table 13.3). Similarly, ecosystem-based (or nature-based) solutions, may generate co-benefits by simultaneously sinking carbon, cooling urban areas through shading, purifying water, improving biodiversity, and offering recreational opportunities that improve public health ( [[#Raymond--2017|Raymond et al. 2017]] ). Accurately identifying and qualitatively or quantitatively assessing these co-benefits ( [[#Stadelmann--2014|Stadelmann et al. 2014]] ; [[#Leiter--2018|Leiter and Pringle 2018]] ; [[#Leiter--2019|Leiter et al. 2019]] ) is central to an integrated adaptation and mitigation policy evaluation.

Some studies press the need to consider the complex ways that power and interests influence how collective decisions are made, and who benefits from and pays for these decisions, of climate policy and to be aware of unintended consequences, especially for vulnerable people living under poor conditions ( [[#Mayrhofer--2016|Mayrhofer and Gupta 2016]] ; [[#De%20Oliveira%20Silva--2018|De Oliveira Silva et al. 2018]] ). The specific adaptation and mitigation linkages will differ by country and region, as illustrated by Box 13.15.

<div id="Box 13.15 | Adaptation and Mitigation Syne" class="h2-container"></div>

<span id="box-13.15-adaptation-and-mitigation-syne-rgies-in-africa"></span>