Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.5.4.2 Non-Consumable Goods ====

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''Limited evidence'' about climate impacts exists for valuable non-food aquatic materials. Ocean warming and acidification harm red coral ( ''Corallium rubrum'' ) ( [[#Bramanti--2013|Bramanti et al., 2013]] ) and communities hosting black coral ( ''Antipatharian'' spp.), both used for jewellery ( [[#Ross--2020|Ross et al., 2020]] ). While no-take MPAs ( [[#3.6.3.2|Section 3.6.3.2]] ) enhance red-coral structural complexity, they only weakly compensate for warming effects ( [[#Cerrano--2013|Cerrano et al., 2013]] ; [[#Montero-Serra--2019|Montero-Serra et al., 2019]] ). ''Antipatharian'' spp. are not well studied or monitored ( [[#Gress--2018|Gress and Andradi-Brown, 2018]] ). Acidification and warming negatively impact pearl oysters ( [[#Welladsen--2010|Welladsen et al., 2010]] ; [[#Liu--2012|Liu and He, 2012]] ; [[#Liu--2012|Liu et al., 2012]] ; [[#Hoegh-Guldberg--2014|Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014]] ; [[#Zhang--2019b|Zhang et al., 2019b]] ). For example, projected climate impacts for 2035 would decrease the average net present value of French Polynesia’s pearl aquaculture industry by 29.1% compared with the present ( [[#Hilsenroth--2021|Hilsenroth et al., 2021]] ). Climate impacts on ornamental species sought by aquarists have not been well studied ( [[#Dee--2019b|Dee et al., 2019b]] ).

Decreasing the vulnerability of renewable-energy installations, particularly wind turbines, to climate risks (Table 3.26; [[#Bindoff--2019a|Bindoff et al., 2019a]] ) could include technological adaptations ( [[#3.6.2.2|Section 3.6.2.2]] ) such as storm ‘survival mode’ settings ( [[#Penalba--2018|Penalba et al., 2018]] ); preparation for hazards such as icing, SLR, drifting sea ice and wave activity ( [[#Neill--2018|Neill et al., 2018]] ; [[#Goodale--2019|Goodale and Milman, 2019]] ; [[#Solaun--2019|Solaun and Cerdá, 2019]] ); and biofouling ( ''medium confidence'' ) (Want and Porter, 2018; [[#Joyce--2019|Joyce et al., 2019]] ; [[#Vinagre--2020|Vinagre et al., 2020]] ), which is expected to increase in response to warming and acidification ( ''medium confidence'' ) ( [[#Dobretsov--2019|Dobretsov et al., 2019]] ; [[#Khosravi--2019|Khosravi et al., 2019]] ; [[#Liu--2020d|Liu et al., 2020d]] ; [[#Lamim--2021|Lamim and Procópio, 2021]] ). Macroalgae and fish-processing byproducts are being tested for biofuel use ( [[#Greene--2016|Greene et al., 2016]] ; [[#Alamsjah--2017|Alamsjah et al., 2017]] ; [[#Saifuddin--2017|Saifuddin and Boyce, 2017]] ; [[#Sakthivel--2018|Sakthivel et al., 2018]] ; [[#Sudhakar--2019|Sudhakar et al., 2019]] ; [[#Nguyen--2020|Nguyen et al., 2020]] ; [[#Ramachandra--2020|Ramachandra and Hebbale, 2020]] ; [[#Tan--2020|Tan et al., 2020]] ), but weather variability could pose financial risk to this sector ( [[#Kleiman--2021|Kleiman et al., 2021]] ).

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