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===== Atlas.5.5.1.1 Key Features of the Regional Climate ===== <div id="h4-14-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div> South West Asia includes the Arabian Peninsula (ARP) and West Central Asia (WCA) reference regions (Figure Atlas.1 7). ARP has a semi-arid or arid desert climate with very low annual mean precipitation and very high temperature. Its temperature is influenced by SST variations over the tropical ocean (e.g., ENSO) and the NAO and AO (see [[IPCC:Wg1:Chapter:Annex-iv|Annex IV]] for these and subsequent modes of variability; [[#Attada--2019|Attada et al., 2019]] ). Rainfall is influenced by the IOD and ENSO, with more rainfall during El Niño ( [[#Kang--2015|Kang et al., 2015]] ; [[#Kumar--2015|Kumar et al., 2015]] ; [[#Abid--2018|Abid et al., 2018]] ; [[#Kamil--2019|Kamil et al., 2019]] ) and less during La Niña ( [[#Atif--2020|Atif et al., 2020]] ). The wet season in ARP is mainly from November to April and the dry season is from June to August. Rainfall is confined mostly to the south-western part of the peninsula and contribution of extreme events to the total rainfall varies within 20–70% from region to region and season to season ( [[#Almazroui--2020b|Almazroui, 2020b]] ; [[#Almazroui--2020|Almazroui and Saeed, 2020]] ). WCA is separated from Eastern Europe by the Caucasus Mountains, is adjacent to ARP, with South Asia (SAS) to the south and West Siberia (WSB) to the north, and lies between the Mediterranean (MED), Tibetan Plateau (TIB) and East Central Asia (ECA) regions. WCA is heterogeneous in terrain with the Zagros Mountains and Iranian Plateau in the west and south-west, the Caspian Sea and lowland with deserts in the north and north-east. The regional climate of WCA is influenced by the NAO and ENSO and it is typically semi-arid or arid with a strong gradient in both precipitation and temperature from the mountains to the plains and from north to south. <div id="Atlas.5.5.1.2" class="h4-container"></div> <span id="atlas.5.5.1.2-findings-from-previous-ipcc-assessments"></span>
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