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''Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability'' , '''50''' , 215–224, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.04.011 . ----- <div id="footnote-005" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-005-backlink|1]] In this Report, the following summary terms are used to describe the available evidence: limited, medium, or robust; and for the degree of agreement: low, medium, or high. A level of confidence is expressed using five qualifiers: very low, low, medium, high, and very high, and typeset in italics, e.g., ''medium confidence'' . For a given evidence and agreement statement, different confidence levels can be assigned, but increasing levels of evidence and degrees of agreement are correlated with increasing confidence. <div id="footnote-004" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-004-backlink|2]] In this Report, the following terms have been used to indicate the assessed likelihood of an outcome or a result: Virtually certain 99–100% probability, Very likely 90–100%, Likely 66–100%, About as likely as not 33–66%, Unlikely 0–33%, Very unlikely 0–10%, and Exceptionally unlikely 0–1%. Additional terms (Extremely likely : 95–100%, More likely than not >50–100%, and Extremely unlikely 0–5%) may also be used when appropriate. Assessed likelihood is typeset in italics, e.g., ''very likely'' ). This Report also uses the term ‘ ''likely'' range’ to indicate that the assessed likelihood of an outcome lies within the 17–83% probability range. <div id="footnote-003" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-003-backlink|3]] Meaning low or moderate emission scenarios. <div id="footnote-002" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-002-backlink|4]] Both index system analyse risk and vulnerability at the country level and are updated yearly. The WorldRiskIndex (WRI) conceptualizes vulnerability as having susceptibility, lack of coping capacity and lack of adaptive capacity components. It is based on 28 indicators (23 vulnerability indicators) for 171 countries. It uses different weights based on statistical tools complemented by expert judgements and equal weights for the three components. The index is composed of additive functions for vulnerability components (Welle and Birkmann_2015). The INFORM Risk Index conceptualizes vulnerability as having two components namely socioeconomic vulnerability and vulnerable groups while lack of coping capacity is considered as a separate component. The INFORM index consists of 18 indicators to assess vulnerability and 14 indicators for measuring lack of coping capacity. It analyses risk and vulnerability for 191 countries. It uses equal weights for indicators and components and uses a multiplicative function for aggregating components to compose the final index ( [[#Marin-Ferrer--2017|Marin-Ferrer et al., 2017]] ). In this chapter, the lack of coping capacity component of INFORM is included in vulnerability calculations in line with the IPCC framing of vulnerability. The vulnerability map presented in this report is based on both WRI and INFORM indices (see [[#Birkmann--2022|Birkmann et al. (2022)]] , [[#Feldmeyer--2021|Feldmeyer et al. (2021)]] , [[#Garschagen--2021|Garschagen et al. (2021)]] for agreement between the WRI and INFORM indices) <div id="footnote-001" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-001-backlink|5]] Measured as death per hazard event and calculated by averaging the country values of mortality per event falling in different vulnerability categories. <div id="footnote-000" class="_idFootnote"></div> [[#footnote-000-backlink|6]] Calculated by averaging the country values of economic losses per event falling in different vulnerability categories.
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