Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-5 (section)

==== 5.1.2.1 Trends in the global food system ====

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Food is predominantly produced on land, with, on average, 83% of the 697 kg of food consumed per person per year, 93% of the 2884 kcal per day, and 80% of the 81 g of protein eaten per day <sup>[[#fn:1|1]]</sup> coming from terrestrial production in 2013 (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r14|14]]</sup> ). With increases in crop yields and production (Figure 5.2), the absolute supply of food has been increasing over the last five decades. Growth in production of animal-sourced food is driving crop utilisation for livestock feed (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r15|15]]</sup> ; Pradhan et al. 2013a <sup>[[#fn:r16|16]]</sup> ). Global trade of crop and animal-sourced food has increased by around 5 times between 1961 and 2013 (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r17|17]]</sup> ). During this period, global food availability has increased from 2200 kcal/cap/day to 2884 kcal/cap/day, making a transition from a food deficit to a food surplus situation (FAOSTAT 2018; Hiç et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r18|18]]</sup> ).

The availability of cereals, animal products, oil crops, and fruits and vegetables has mainly grown (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r19|19]]</sup> ), reflecting shifts towards more affluent diets. This, in general, has resulted in a decrease in prevalence of underweight and an increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults (Abarca-Gómez et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r20|20]]</sup> ). During the period 1961–2016, anthropogenic GHG emissions associated with agricultural production has grown from 3.1 GtCO <sub>2</sub> -eq yr <sup>–1</sup> to 5.8 GtCO <sub>2</sub> -eq yr <sup>–1</sup> (Section 5.4.2 and Chapter 2). The increase in emissions is mainly from the livestock sector (from enteric fermentation and manure left on pasture), use of synthetic fertiliser, and rice cultivation (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r|]]</sup> 21).

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'''Global trends in (a) yields of maize, rice, and wheat (FAOSTAT 2018) – the top three crops grown in the world; (b) production of crop and animal calories and use of crop calories as livestock feed (FAOSTAT 2018); (c) production from marine and aquaculture fisheries (FishStat 2019); (e) food trade in calories (FAOSTAT 2018); (f) […]'''
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Global trends in (a) yields of maize, rice, and wheat (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1411|1411]]</sup> ) – the top three crops grown in the world; (b) production of crop and animal calories and use of crop calories as livestock feed (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1412|1412]]</sup> ); (c) production from marine and aquaculture fisheries (FishStat 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r1414|1414]]</sup> ); (e) food trade in calories (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1415|1415]]</sup> ); (f) food supply and required food (i.e., based on human energy requirements for medium physical activities) from 1961–2012 (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1416|1416]]</sup> ; Hiç et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r1417|1417]]</sup> ); (g) prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight from 1975–2015 (Abarca-Gómez et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r1418|1418]]</sup> ); and (h) GHG emissions for the agriculture sector, excluding land-use change (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1419|1419]]</sup> ). For figures (b) and (e), data provided in mass units were converted into calories using nutritive factors (FAO 2001b <sup>[[#fn:r1420|1420]]</sup> ). Data on emissions due to burning of savanna and cultivation of organic soils is provided only after 1990 (FAOSTAT 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1421|1421]]</sup> ).

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