Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-13 (section)

==== 13.8.1.3 Loss and Damage to Vulnerable Livelihoods in Europe ====

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A number of livelihoods maintaining unique cultures in Europe are particularly vulnerable to climate change (Table 13.2): indigenous communities in the European polar region because of their dependence on cryosphere ecosystems ( ''high confidence'' ) (Cross-Chapter Paper 6; [[#Hayashi--2017|Hayashi, 2017]] ; [[#Huntington--2017|Huntington et al., 2017]] ; [[#Hock--2019|Hock et al., 2019]] ; [[#Meredith--2019|Meredith et al., 2019]] ; [[#Inuit%20Circumpolar%20Council--2020|Inuit Circumpolar Council, 2020]] ; [[#Douville--2021|Douville et al., 2021]] ; [[#Fox-Kemper--2021|Fox-Kemper et al., 2021]] ) and communities dependent on small-scale fisheries, traditional farming and unique cultural landscapes ( ''medium confidence'' ) ( [[#Kovats--2014|Kovats et al., 2014]] ; [[#Ruiz-Díaz--2020|Ruiz-Díaz et al., 2020]] ).

'''Table 13.2 |''' Examples of losses and damages to vulnerable livelihoods in Europe, differentiated by category according to non-economic loss and damage (Table SM13.20)

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For Sámi reindeer, herding impacts cascade due to a lack of access to key ecosystems, lakes and rivers, thereby threatening traditional livelihoods, food security, cultural heritage (e.g., burial grounds, seasonal dwellings and routes), mental health (see Box 13.2; Figure 13.13; [[#Feodoroff--2021|Feodoroff, 2021]] ) and growing costs, for example, as a result of the need for artificial feeding of reindeer.

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